Actium, a review of Roman affairs after the battle of, i. 73.
Adauctus, the only martyr of distinction during the persecution under
Diocletian, ii. 72.

Adolphus, the brother of Alaric, brings him a reënforcement of troops, iii.
272. Is made count of the domestics to the new emperor Attalus, 278.
Succeeds his brother as king of the Goths, and concludes a peace with
Honorius, 294, 306, 308. Is assassinated in the palace of Barcelona, 310.
Adoption, the two kinds of, under the Greek empire, v. 570, note.
Adoration of the Roman emperor, custom of, and derivation of the term,
v. 356.

Adorno, the Genoese governor of Phocæa, conveys Amurath II. from
Asia to Europe, vi. 282.

Adrian I., Pope, his alliance with Charlemagne against the Lombards, v
27. His reception of Charlemagne at Rome, 31. Asserts the fictitious
donation of Constantine the Great, 33.

Adulis, seaport, its ruins now called Azoole, iv. 71, note M.

Adultery, distinctions of, how punished by Augustus, iv. 377, and by the
Christian emperors, 379, 380.

Elia Capitolina, founded on Mount Sion, by Hadrian, i. 515.

Ælius Putus, his Tripartite, the oldest work of Roman jurisprudence, iv.
320.

Emilianus, governor of Pannonia and Mæsia, routs the barbarous invaders
of the empire, and is declared emperor by his troops, i. 296.

Eneas of Gaza, his attestation of the miraculous gift of speech to the
Catholic confessors of Tipasa, whose tongues had been cut out, iii. 449.
Eneas Sylvius, his account of the impracticability of a European crusade
against the Turks, vi. 417. His epigram on the destruction of ancient
buildings in Rome, 528, note.

Era of the world, remarkable epochas in, pointed out, iv. 112, note. Gel-
alæan, of the Turks, when settled, v. 522.

Erial Tribute in the Eastern empire, iv. 78.

Ethiopia, Christianity established in, iv. 561. The Portuguese navigators
repel the incursions of Turks and Arabs in, 564. Mr. Bruce's travels,
and Pearce's narrative respecting, 566, note M.

Etius, surnamed the Atheist, his character and adventures, ii. 321, 322,
331, 345, note.

the Roman general under Valentinian III., his character, iii. 367.
His treacherous scheme to ruin Count Boniface, 369. Is forced to retire
into Pannonia, 379. His invitation of the Huns into the empire, 387
Seizes the administration of the Western empire, 421. His character, as
given by Renatus, a contemporary historian, 422. Employs the Huns
and Alani in the defence of Gaul, 423. Concludes a peace with The-
odoric, 427. Raises the siege of Orleans, 435. Battle of Chalons, 437.
His prudence on the invasion of Italy by Attila, 449. Is murdered by
Valentinian, 454.

Africa, its situation and revolutions, i. 30. Great revenue raised from, by
the Romans, 188. Progress of Christianity there, 580. Is distracted
with religious discord in the time of Constantine the Great, ii. 297.
Character and revolt of the Circumcellions, 360. Oppressions of, under
the government of Count Romanus, 571. General state of Africa, 574.
The slave trade, 575, note M. Revolt of Count Boniface there, iii. 369.
Arrival of Genseric, king of the Vandals, 371. Persecution of the Don
atists, 372. Devastations of, by the Vandals, 375. Carthage surprised
by Genseric, 380. Persecution of the Catholics, 548. Expedition of
Belisarius to, iv. 121. Is recovered by the Romans, 133. The govern
ment of, settled by Justinian, 133. Revolt of the troops there, under
Stoza, 245. Devastation of the war, 249. Invasion of, by the Saracens,
v. 235. Conquest of, by Akbah, 240. Decline and extinction of Chris-
tianity there, 267. Revolt and independence of the Saracens there, 326
Aglabites, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 326.

Aglae, a Roman lady, patronizes St. Boniface, ii. 74.

Agricola, review of his conduct in Britain, i. 5. His fortified lize across
Scotland, 5, note M.

Agriculture, great improvement of, in the western countries of the Roman
empire, i. 65. State of, in the Eastern Empire, under Justinian, iv. 64.
Ahriman, the evil principle, among the Persians, i. 232, role G.
Aiznadin, battle of, between the Saracens and the Greeks, v. 194.
Ajax, the sepulchre of, how distinguished, ii. 93.

Akbah, the Saracen, his exploits in Africa, v. 240.

Alani, occasion of these people invading Asia, i. 373. Supposed by Klap-
roth to be the ancestors of the true Albanians, ii. 227, note M. Conquest
of, by the Huns, iii. 24. Join with the Huns against the Goths, 26. See
Goths, and Vandals.

Alaric, the Goth, learns the art of war under Theodosius the Great, iii.
123. Becomes the leader of the Gothic revolt, and ravages Greece, iii.
191, 192. Escapes from Stilicho, 196. Is appointed master-general of
the Eastern Illyricum, 197. His invasion of Italy, 199. Is defeated by
Stilicho at Pollentia, 205. Is driven out of Italy, 207, 208. Is, by treaty
with Honorius, declared master-general of the Roman armies through-
out the præfecture of Illyricum, 229. His pleas and motives for march-
ing to Rome, 242. Encamps under the walls of that city, 244, 245. Ac-
cepts a ransom, and raises the siege, 271. His negotiations with the
emperor Honorius, 273. His second siege of Rome, 277. Places Atta-
lus on the Imperial throne, 278. Degrades him, 280. Seizes the city of
Rome, 281. His sack of Rome compared with that by the empero
Charles V., 290. Retires from Rome, and ravages Italy, 291. His death
and burial, 294.

Alaric II., king of the Goths, his overthrow by Clovis, king of the Franks,
iii. 583.

Albanians, the, ii. 227, note, and note M.

Alberic, the son of Marozia, his revolt, and government of Rome, v. 62, 63.
Albigeois of France, persecution of, v. 398.

Alboin, king of the Lombards, his history, iv. 389. His alliance with the
Avars against the Gepida, 391. Reduces the Gepidæ, 392. He undertakes
the conquest of Italy, 393. Overruns what is now called Lombardy, 395.
Assumes the regal title there, 396. Takes Pavia, and makes it his capi-
tal city, 346. Is murdered at the instigation of his queen Rosamond, 397.
Alchemy, the books of, in Egypt, destroyed by Diocletian, i. 418.
Aleppo, siege and capture of, by the Saracens, v. 212. Is recovered by the
Greeks, 333. Is taken and sacked by Tamerlane, vi. 261.
Alexander III., Pope, establishes the papal election in the college of car-
dinals, vi. 450.

archbishop of Alexandria, excommunicates Arius for his her-

esy, ii. 314.

Severus is declared Cæsar by the emperor Elagabalus, i. 173.
Is raised to the throne, 175. Examination into his pretended victory
over Artaxerxes, 244. Showed a regard for the Christian religion, ii. 50.
Alexandria, a general massacre there, by order of the emperor Caracalla,
i. 160. The city described, $26. Is ruined by ridiculous intestine com-
motions, 327, by famine and pestilence, 329. Is besieged and taken by
Diocletian, 416. The Christian theology reduced to a systematical form
in the school of, 578. Number of martyrs who suffered there in the per-
secution by Decius, ii. 45; vide note G. The theological system of Plato
taught in the school of, and received by the ews there, ii. 302, 303,
notes G. and M. Questions concerning the nature of the Trinity, agi-
tated in the philosophical and Christian schools of, 309, 310. History of
the archbishop St. Athanasius, 332, 351; vide Athanasius. Suffers greatly
by an earthquake, iii. 9. History of the temple of Serapis there. 14. This
temple, and the famous library, destroyed by Bishop Theophilus, 144
145. Is taken by Amrou the Saracen, v. 226. The famous library de-
stroyed, 228

46 *

Alexius Angelus, his usurpation of the Greek empire, and character, vi 58,
59. Flies before the crusaders, 79.

I. Comnenus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 619. New titles of
dignity invented by him, v. 353. Battle of Durazzo, 473. Solicits the aid
of the emperor Henry III., 476. Solicits the aid of the Christian princes
against the Turks, 540. His suspicious policy on the arrival of the cru-
saders, 567, 568. Exacts homage from them, 569. Profits by the success
of the crusaders, vi. 1.

II. Comnenus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 625.

Strategopulus, the Greek general, retakes Constantinople from the
Latins, vi. 126.

, the son of Isaac Angelus, his escape from his uncle, who had de-
posed his father, vi. 59. His treaty with the crusaders for his restoration,
70. Restoration of his father, 80. His death, 85.

Alfred sends an embassy to the shrine of St. Thomas in India, iv. 547.
Algebra, by whom invented, v. 304.

Ali joins Mahomet in his prophetical mission, v. 121, 122. His heroism, 134.
His character, 152. Is chosen caliph of the Saracens, 155. Devotion paid
at his tomb, 161. His posterity, 165, 166.

Aligern defends Cumæ, for his brother Teias, king of the Goths, iv. 273, 275.
Is reduced, 275, 276.

Allectus murders Carausius, and usurps his station, i. 412. Is slain in
Britain, 412.

Allemanni, the origin and warlike spirit of, i. 303. Are driven out of Italy
by the senate and people, 304. Invade the empire in the reign of Aure-
lian, 342. Are totally routed, 345. Gaul delivered from their depreda-
tions by Constantius Chlorus, 414. Invade and establish themselves in
Gaul, ii. 231. Are defeated at Strasburgh by Julian, 237. Are reduced
by Julian in his expeditions beyond the Rhine, 242. Invade Gaul under
the emperor Valentinian, 553. Are reduced by Jovinus, 554. And
chastised by Valentinian, 556. Are subdued by Clovis, king of the
Franks, iii. 573.

Alp Arslan, sultan of the Turks, his reign, v. 512. His death, 519.
Alypius, governor of Britain, is commissioned by the emperor Julian to
rebuild the temple of Jerusalem, ii. 437.

Amala, king of the Goths, his high credit among them, i. 287.89
Amalasontha, queen of Italy, her history and character, iv. 147, 148. Her
death, 150.
otsaed
Amalphi, description of the city, and its commerce, v. 442, 463.40
Amazons, improbability of any society of, i. 359, note. Klaproth's theory
respecting, 359, note M.
with albs A
Ambition, reflections on the violence and various operations of that pas-
sion, iv. 636.
Ambrose, St., composed a treatise on the Trinity, for the use of the em-
peror Gratian, iii. 73, note. His birth, and promotion to the archbishop-
ric of Milan, 96. Opposes the Arian worship of the empress Justina
97. Refuses obedience to the Imperial power, 100. Controls the em-
peror Theodosius, 116, 117. Imposes penance on Theodosius for his
cruel treatment of Thessalonica, 117. Employed his influence over
Gratian and Theodosius, to inspire him with maxims of persecution, iii.
131. Opposes Symmachus, the advocate for the old Pagan religion, 136.
Comforts the citizens of Florence with a dream, when besieged by Rada
gaisus, 218.

Amida, siege of, by Sapor, king of Persia. ii. 226, note M. Receives the
fugitive inhabitants of Nisibis, 515. Is besieged and taken by Cabades.
king of Persia, iv. 101.

Amir, prince of Ionia, his character, and passage into Europe, vi. 230.
Ammianus Marcellinus, the historian, his religious character of the em-
peror Constantius, ii. 330. His remark on the enmity of Christians
towards each other, 363. His account of the fiery obstructions to

restoring the temple of Jerusalem, 439. His account of the hostile con-
test of Damasus and Ursinus for the bishopric of Rome, 551. Testi-
mony and favor of his historical merit, iii. 60. His character of the
nobles of Rome, 252.

Ammonius, the mathematician, his measurement of the circuit of Rome
iii. 265.

the monk of Alexandria, his martyrdom, iv. 502.
Amorium, siege and destruction of, by the caliph Motassem, v. 319.
Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium, gains the favor of the emperor Theo
dosius by an orthodox bon mot, iii. 81, 82.

Amphitheatre at Rome, a description of, i. 396, vi. 532, note M.

Amrou, his birth and character, v. 219. His invasion and conquest of
Egypt, 221, 222. His administration there, 231. His description of the
country, 233.

Amurath I., sultan of the Turks, his reign, vi. 234. His death, 236, note M.
II., Sultan, his reign and character, vi. 348. His double abdica-
tion, 349, 350. Error of Gibbon, 349, note M.
Anachorets, in monkish history, described, iii. 537.
Anacletus, Pope, his Jewish extraction, vi. 459.

Anastasius I. marries the empress Ariadne, iv. 5. His war with Theodo-
ric, the Ostrogoth king of Italy, 18, 19. His economy celebrated, 73.
Epigram thereon, 73, note M. His long wall from the Propontis to the
Euxine, 94. Is humbled by the Catholic clergy, iv. 525.

II., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 581. His preparations of
defence against the Saracens, v. 278.

-, St., his brief history and martyrdom, iv. 461, note.
Anatho, city of, on the banks of the Euphrates, described, ii. 478,
Andalusia, derivation of the name of that province, v. 248, note.
Andronicus, president of Libya, excommunicated by Synesius, bishop of
Ptolemais, ii. 290, 291.

Andronicus Comnenus, his character, and first adventures, iv. 625. Seizes
the empire of Constantinople, 632, 633, note M. His unhappy fate, 634.
the Elder, emperor of Constantinople, his superstition, vi. 174.
His war with his grandson, and abdication, 178, 179, 180, note M.

the Younger, emperor of Constantinople, his licentious char-
acter, vi. 177. His civil war against his grandfather, 178. His reign,
181. Is vanquished and wounded by Sultan Orchan, 228. His private
application to Pope Benedict XII. of Rome, 291, 292.

Angora, battle of, between Tamerlane and Bajazet, vi. 264.

Aianus, bishop of Orleans, his pious anxiety for the relief of that city,
when besieged by Attila the Hun, iii. 435.

Anician family at Rome, brief history of, iii. 247.

Anna Comnena, character of her history of her father, Alexius I., em.
peror of Constantinople, iv. 619. Her conspiracy against her brothe-
Jchn, 621.

Anthemius, emperor of the West, his descent, and investiture by Leo the
Great, iii. 490. His election confirmed at Rome, 491. Is killed in the
sack of Rome by Ricimer, 506.

Anthemius, præfect of the East, character of his administration, in the
minority of the emperor Theodosius the Younger, iii. 350.

Anthemius the architect, instances of his great knowledge in mechanics,
iv. 85. Forms the design of the church of St. Sophia at Constantino.
ple, 85.

Anthony, St., father of the Egyptian monks, his history, iii. 522.
Anthropomorphites, among the early Christians, personifiers of the Deity,
iv. 494.

Antioch taken and destroyed by Sapor, king of Persia, i. 317. Flourish-
ing state of the Christian church there, in the reign of Theodosius, 577
History of the body of St. Babylas, bishop of, ii. 449. The cathedral of,
shut up, and its wealth confiscated, by the emperor Julian, 450. Licen

tious manners of the citizens, 464. Popular discontents during the
residence of Julian there, 465. Sedition there, against the emperor
Theodosius, iii. 110. The city pardoned, 113. Is taken and ruined by
Chosroes, king of Persia, iv. 221. Great destruction there by an earth-
quake, 291, 292. Is again seized by Chosroes II., 459. Is reduced by
the Saracens, and ransomed, v. 213. Is recovered by the Greeks, 333.
Besieged and taken by the first crusaders, 580.

Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, her character, iv. 119. Examines and
convicts Pope Sylverius of treachery, 168. Her activity during the siege
of Rome, 171. Her secret history, 183. Founds a convent for her re-
treat, 286.

Antoninus, a Roman refugee at the court of Sapor, king of Persia, stimu-
lates him to an invasion of the Roman provinces, ii. 224.

Pius, his character, and that of Hadrian, compared, i. 9. Is
adopted by Hadrian, 93.

-, Marcus, his defensive wars, i. 10. Is adopted by Pius a. the
instance of Hadrian, 93, note M. His character, 94, 101. His war
against the united Germans, 276. Suspicious story of his edict in favor
of the Christians, ii. 246.

Aper, Arrius, prætorian præfect, and father-in-law to the emperor Nume
rian, i. 399. Is killed by Diocletian as the presumptive murderer of that
prince, 400.

Apharban, the Persian, his embassy from Narses, king of Persia, to the
emperor Galerius, i. 426.

Apocalypse, why now admitted into the canon of the Scriptures, i. 535,
note; also note M.

Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople, his confederacy against John Can-
tacuzene, vi. 185.

His death, 188.

Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his hypothesis of the divine incarnation
of Jesus Christ, iv. 496.

-, patriarch of Alexandria, butchers his flock in defence of the
Catholic doctrine of the incarnation, iv. 558.

Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful character, i. 353, note.

Apotheosis, or deification of the Roman emperors, how this custom was
introduced, i. 84, 85, 86; vide notes M. and W.

Apsimar dethrones Leontius, emperor of Constantinople, and usurps his
place, iv. 577. His death, 579.

Apulia is conquered by the Normans, v. 453. Is confirmed to them by
papal grant, 456.

Aquileia besieged by the emperor Maximin, i. 213. Is taken and destroyed
by Attila, king of the Huns, iii. 443..

Aquitain is settled by the Goths, under their king Wallia, iij. 312. Is
quered by Clovis, king of the Franks, 585.

Arabia, its situation, soil, and climate, v. 74. Its division into the Sandy,
the Stony, and the Happy, 77. The pastoral Arabs, 77, their horses and
camels 78. Cities of, 80. Manners and customs of the Arabs, 83, 89,
their language, 89, their benevolence, 91. History and description of
the Caaba of Mecca, 93. Religions, 94, 95. Life and doctrine of Ma
homet, 98, 104. Conquest of, by Mahomet, 138. Character of the ca-
liphs or successors of Mahomet, and their rapid conquests, 172, 173,
Limits of the Arabian conquest, 273. Three caliphs established, 296.
Introduction of learning among the Arabians, 300, their progress in the
sciences, 302, their literary deficiencies, 306. Decline and fall of the
caliphs, 321, 325.

Araric, king of the Goths, defeats Constantine, ii. 169, and note M. 170.
Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the Great, leaves his retirement to
oppose the usurper Procopius, ii. 534.

Arbogastes, the Frank, his military promotion under Theodosius in Gaul,
and conspiracy against Valentinian the Younger, iii. 119, 120. Is de
feated by Theodosius, and kills himself, 126.