Bozabde is taken and garrisoned by Sapor, king of Persia, ii. 229. Is in.
effectually besieged by Constantius, 231.
Bindoes, a Sassanian prince, deposes Hormouz, king of Persia, iv. 435.
Birthright, the least invidious of all human distinctions, i. 197.
Bishops, among the primitive Christians, the office of, explained, i. 556.
Progress of episcopal authority, 559. Assumed dignity of episcopal
government, 569. Number of, at the time of Constantine the Great, ii.
279. Mode of their election, 279, 280, note M. Their power of ordina-
tion, 282. The ecclesiastical revenue of each diocese, how divided, 284.
Their civil jurisdiction, 287. Their spiritual censures, 289. Their legis
lative assemblies, 292.
Bishops, rural, their rank and duties, ii. 279.
Bissextile, superstitious regard to this year by the Romans, ii..527.
Bithynia, the cities of, plundered by the Goths, i. 309.
lemmyes, their revolt against the emperor Diocletian, i. 416.
Boccace, his literary character, vi. 330, note M.
Boethius, the learned senator of Rome, his history, iv. 32. His confine-
ment in the Tower of Pavia; his celebrated "Consolation of Philos-
ophy," composed while there, 36. His horrible execution, 38.
Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard, his character and military ex-
ploits, v. 475. His route to Constantinople on the crusade, 566. His
flattering reception by Alexius Comnenus, 570. Takes Antioch, and
obtains the principality of it, 580, 582. His subsequent transactions
and death, vi. 2, 3, note M.
Boniface, St., his history, ii. 74, vide note M.
, Count, the Roman general under Valentinian III., his charac-
ter, iii. 367. Is betrayed into a revolt by Etius, 369. His repentance
374. Is besieged in Hippo Regius by Genseric, king of the Vandals,
376. Returns to Italy, and is killed by Ætius, 378.
Boniface VIII., Pope, his violent contest with Philip the Fair, king of
France, and his character, vi. 453. Institutes the jubilee, 456.
marquis of Montferrat, is chosen general of the fourth crusade
to the Holy Land, vi. 67. Is made king of Macedonia, 101. Is killed
by the Bulgarians, 112.
Bosphorus, revolutions of that kingdom, i. 306. Is seized by the Goths,
307. The strait of, described, ii. 88.
Bosra, siege of, by the Saracens, v. 191, 192.
Botheric, the Imperial general in Thessalonica, murdered in a sedition, ii.
113, 114.
Boucicault, Marshal, defends Constantinople against Bajazet, vi. 244.
Boulogne recovered from Carausius, by Constantius Chlorus, i 411. Sold
by Godfrey to the church for 1300 marks, v. 558.
Bowides, the Persian dynasty of, v. 329.
Brancaleone, senator of Rome, his character, vi. 440.
Brass and silver, relative value of, i. 10, note M.
Bretagne, the province of, in France, settled by Britons, note, iii. 621,
note M.
Britain, reflections on the conquest of, by the Romans, i. 4. Description
of, 23. Colonies planted in, 43, note. A colony of Vandals settled
there by Probus, 383. Revolt of Carausius, 410. How first peopled, ii.
562. Invasions of, by the Scots and Picts, 564, 565, note M. Is restored
to peace by Theodosius, 568. Revolt of Maximus there, iii. 75. Revolt
of the troops there against Honorius, 225. Is abandoned by the Ro-
mans, 315. State of, until the arrival of the Saxons, 316, 317, note.
Descent of the Saxons on, 619. Establishment of the Saxon heptarchy,
621. Wars in, 622. Saxon devastation of the country, 624. Manners
of the independent Britons, 628, 629. Description of, by Procopius, 631
Conversion of the Britons by a mission from Pope Gregory the Great,
iv. 422. The doctrine of the incarnation received there, 538.
Brutus, Marcus example given by, i. 87. Question as to its virtue, 87, note M.
Brutus the Trojan, his colonization of Britain now given up by intelligent
historians, ii. 562, note.
Buffon, M., his extraordinary burning mirrors, iv. 84, note.
Bulgarians, their character, iv. 196, vide note M. Their inroads on the
Eastern empire, 198. Invasion of, under Zabergan, 282. Repulse by
Belisarius, 283. Kingdom of the, destroyed by Basil II., the Greek em-
peror, 612, v. 410. Revolt of, from the Greek empire, and submission
to the pope of Rome, vi. 57. War with the Greeks under Calo-John,
107.
Bull-feast, in the Coliseum at Rome, described, vi. 534.
Burgundians, origin and language of the, i. 379, notes G. and M. Their
settlement on the Elbe, and maxims of government, ii. 558. Their set-
tlement in Gaul, iii. 313. Limits of the kingdom of, under Gundobald,
578. Are subdued by the Franks, 579, 580.
Burnet, character of his "Sacred Theory of the Earth," i. 537, note.
Burrampooter, source of that river, vi. 257, note.
Busir, in Egypt, four several places known under this name, v. 294, note.
Buzurg, the philosophical preceptor of Hormouz, king of Persia, his high
reputation, iv. 431, note.
Byron, Lord, proved that swimming across the Hellespont was not a poetic
fiction, ii. 91, note M.
Byzantine historians, list and character of, vi. 417, note, 419, note M.
Byzantium, siege of, by the emperor Severus, i. 142. Is taken by Max-
imin, 485. Siege of, by Constantine the Great, 500. Its situation de-
scribed, ii. 87. By whom founded, 87, note. See Constantinople.
Caaba, or temple or Mecca, described, v. 93, 94. The idols in, destroyed
by Mahon.et, 187.
Cabades, king of Persia, besieges and takes Amida, iv. 101. Seizes the
Straits of Caucasus, 102, 103. Vicissitudes of his reign, iv. 210.
Cadesia, battle of, between the Saracens and the Persians, v. 177, 178.
Cadijah, her marriage with Mahomet, v. 101. Is converted by him to his
new religion, 121. Her death, 124. Mahomet's veneration for her
memory, 152.
Cæcilian, the peace of the church in Africa disturbed by him and his party,
ii. 297.
Cæcilius, the authority of his account of the famous vision of Constan-
tine the Great inquired into, ii. 263, note, and M. note, 262.
Cælestian, senator of Carthage, his distress on the taking of that city by
Genseric, iii. 382.
Cæsar, Julius, his inducement to the conquest of Britain, i. 4. Degrades
the senatorial dignity, 74, note. Assumes a place among the tutelar
deities of Rome, in his lifetime, 84. His address in appeasing a military
sedition, 182, note. His prudent application of the coronary gold pre-
sented to him, ii. 151, note G.
Cæsar and Augustus, those titles explained and discriminated, i. 85, note W.
Cæsars," the emperor Julian's philosophical fable of the, delineated, ii.
461.
Cæsarea, capital of Cappadocia, taken by Sapor king of Persia, i. 317. Is
reduced by the Saracens, v. 216.
Caf, great range of mountains in Asia, iv. 200.
Cahina, queen of the Moors of Africa, her policy to drive the Arabs out of
the country, v. 246.
Cairoan, the city of, in the kingdom of Tunis, founded, v. 243. Frequent-
ly confounded with the Greek city Cyrene, 243.
Caled deserts from the idolatrous Arabs to the party of Mahomet, v. 136
His gallant conduct at the battle of Muta, 141. His victories under the
caliph Abubeker, 176. Attends the Saracen army or the Syrian expe-
dition, 19. His valor at the siege of Damascus, 193. Distinguishes
himself at the battle of Aiznadin, 194, 195. His cruel treatment of the
refugees from Damascus, 199. Joins in plundering the fair of Abyla,
203. Commands the Saracens at the battle of Yermuk, 206. His death,
217, vide note M.
Caledonia, and its ancient inhabitants, described, ii. 563.
Caledonian war, under the emperor Severus, an account of, i. 152.
Caliphs of the Saracens, character of, v. 172. Their rapid conquests, 174.
Extent and power of, 271. Triple division of the office, 296. Their
patronage of learning, 300. Decline and fall of their empire, 321, 325,
vi. 215.
Callinicum, the punishment of a religious sedition in that city opposed by
St. Ambrose, iii. 115.
Callinicus of Heliopolis assists in defending Constantinople against the
Saracens, by his chemical inflammable compositions, v. 282, 283, note M.
Calmucks, black, recent emigration of, from the confines of Russia to those
of China, iii. 24. Country of the, iv. 202.
Calo-John, the Bulgarian chief, his war with Baldwin, the Latin emperor
of the Greeks, vi. 107. Defeats, and takes him prisoner, 109. His savage
character and death, 112, 113, ncte M. 414.
Calocerus, a camel-d· ́ver, excites an insurrection in the Island of Cyprus
ii. 166.
Calphurnius, the machinery of his eclogue on the accession of the empe-
ro Carus, i. 389.
Calvin, the reformer, v. 399. His doctrine of the eucharist, 399. Ex-
amination of his conduct to Servetus, 401, vide note G.
Camel, of Arabia, described, v. 79.
Camisards of Languedoc, their enthusiasm compared with that of the Cir-
cumcellions of Numidia, ii. 362.
Campania, the province of, desolated by the ill policy of the Roman em-
perors, ii. 144. Description of the Lucullan villa in, iii. 514.
Canada, the present climate and circumstances of, compared with those
of ancient Germany, i. 254.
Cannon, enormous one of the sultan Mahomet Il. described, vi. 379, 380,
note M. Bursts, 389.
Canoes, Russian, a description of, v. 428.
Cantacuzene, John, character of his Greek History, vi. 176. His good
fortune under the younger Andronicus, 183, 184. Is driven to assume
the purple, 186. His lively distinction between foreign and civil war,
188. His entry into Constantinople, and reign, 190. Abdicates, and
turns monk, 193. His war with the Genoese factory at Pera, 198. Mar-
ries his daughter to a Turk, 294. His negotiation with Pope Clement
VI., 294.
Cantemir's History of the Ottoman Empire, character of, vi. 226, note,
vide note M., 237.
Capelianus, governor of Mauritania, defeats the younger Gordian, and
takes Carthage, i. 208.
Capitation-tax, under the Roman emperors, an account of, ii. 144.
Capito Ateius, the civilian, his character, iv. 325.
Capitol of Rome, burning and restoration of, ii. 16, 17.
Cappadocia, famous for its fine breed of horses, ii. 136.
Capraria, Isle of, character of the monks there, iii. 184.
Captives, how treated by the Barbarians, iii. 397, 601, 602
Caracalla, son of the emperor Severus, his fixed antipathy to his brother
Geta, i. 151. Succeeds to the empire jointly with him, 154. Tendency
of his edict to extend the privileges of Roman citizens to all the free
inhabitants of his empire, 187. His view in this transaction, 193.
Doubles the tax on legacies and inheritances, 194.
Caracorum, the Tartar settlement of, described, vi. 220.
Caravans, Sogdian, their route to and from China, for silk, to supply the
Roman empire, iii. 68, 69.
Carausius, his revolt in Britain, i. 409. Is acknowledged by Diocletian
and his colleagues, 411.
Carbeas, the Paulician, his revolt from the Greek emperor to the Saracens
v. 429.
Cardinals, the election of a pope vested in them, vi. 450. Institution of
the conclave, 450.
Carduene, situation and history of that territory, i. 430, note M.
Carinus, the son of Carus, succeeds his father in the empire jointly with
his brother Numerian, i. 392.
Carizmians, their invasion of Syria, vi. 40, note M.
Carlovingian race of kings, commencement of, in France, v. 28.
Carmath, the Arabian reformer, his character, v. 323. His military ex-
ploits, 323.
Carmelites, from whom they derive their pedigree, iii. 522, note.
Carpathian mountains, their situation, i. 252.
Carthage taken by Capelianus,
208. The bishopric of, bought for Ma
jorinus, ii. 54, note. Religious discord generated there by the factions
of Cæcilian and Donatus, 411, 412. The temple of Venus there con-
verted into a Christian church, iii. 142. Is surprised by Genseric, king
of the Vandals, 380. The gates of, open to Belisarius, iv. 127. Natural
alterations produced by time in the situation of this city, 128, note. The
walls of, repaired by Belisarius, 129. Insurrection of the Roman troops
there, 245. Troubles and sedition, 247, 248, note M. Is reduced and
pillaged by Hassan the Saracen, v. 244. Subsequent history of, 245.
Carthagena, an extraordinary rich silver mine worked there, the Ro-
mans, i. 188.
Carus, emperor, his election and character, i. 388.
Caspian and Iberian gates of Mount Caucacus distinguished, iv. 102,
note M.
Cassians, the party of, among the Roman civilians explained, iv. 326.
Cassiodorus, his Gothic history, i. 281. His account of the infant state
of the republic of Venice, iii. 447. His long and prosperous life, 21,
note 22, note M.
Castriot, George. See Scanderbeg.
Catalans, their service and war in the Greek empire, vi. 166.
Catholic church, the doctrines of, how discriminated from the opinions of
the Platonic school, ii. 310. The authority of, extended, to the minds
of mankind, 312. Faith of the Western or Latin church, 323. Is dis-
tracted by factions in the cause of Athanasius, 334. The dexology, how
introduced and how perverted, 354. The revenue of, transferred to the
heathen priests, by Julian, 441. Edict of Theodosius, for the establish-
ment of the Catholic faith, iii. 80. The progressive steps of idolatry in
the, 155. Persecution of the Catholics in Africa, 548. Pious frauds of
the Catholic clergy, 555. How bewildered by the doctrine of the Incar-
nation, iv. 495, 498. Union of the Greek and Latin churches, 538.
Schism of the Greek church, vi. 48.
Cava, story of the Spanish Lady, v. 249, vide note M.
Cedars of Libanus, iv. 554, vide note M., from Burckhardt's Travels, 554.
Celestine, Pope, espouses the party of Cyril against Nestorius, and pro-
nounces the degradation of the latter from his episcopal dignity, iv. 506.
Celtic language driven to the mountains by the Latin, i. 45, note, and
note M.
Censor, the office of, revived under the emperor Decius, i. 292. But with-
out effect, 293.
Ceos, the manufacture of silk first introduced to Europe from that island,
iv. 66.
Cerca, the principal queen of Attila, king of the Huns, her reception of
Maximin, the Roman ambassador, iii. 410, note M.
Cerinthus, his opinion of the twofold nature of Jesus Christ, iv. 494. St.
John's aversion to, 494, note, and note M.
Ceylon, ancient names given to that island, and the imperfect knowledge
of, by the Romans, ii. 463, note, 463, note M.
Chaboras, River, a tributary of the Euphrates, ii. 476.
Chalcedon, the injudicious situation of this city stigmatized by proverbial
contempt, ii. 89.
A tribunal erected there by the emperor Julian, to try
and punish the evil ministers of his predecessor Constantius, 398, 399.
A stately church built there by Rufinus, the infamous minister of the
emperor Theodosius, iii. 168. Is taken by Chosroes II., king of Persia,
Chalcondyles, the Greek historian of the 15th century, his description of
Germany, France, and Britain, vi. 302, 303. His severe strictures on
the domestic character of the English, 304.
Chalons, battle of, between the Romans and Attila, king of the Huns, iii
440.
Chamavians reduced and generously treated by Julian, ii. 240.
Chancellor, the original and modern application of this word compared, i.
394, note.
Characters, national, the distinction of, how formed, iii. 3.
Chariots of the Romans described, iii. 254, note.
Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of Lombardy, v. 27. His reception
at Rome, 30. Eludes fulfilling the promises of Pepin and himself to the
Roman pontiff, 33. His coronation at Rome by the pope Leo III., 43.
His reign and character, 44, 45. Extent of his empire, 48, 49. His
neighbors and enemies, 52. His successors, 53. His negotiations and
treaty with the Eastern empire, 56. State of his family and dominions
in the tenth century, v. 372.
Charles Martel. See Martel.
Charles the Fat, emperor of the Romans, v. 54, 55.
Charles of Anjou subdues Naples and Sicily, vi. 160. The Sician Ves-
pers, 164. His character as a senator of Rome, 422.
Charles IV., emperor of Germany, his weakness and poverty, v. 71. His
public ostentation, 72. Contrast between him and Augustus, 73.
Charles V., emperor, parallel between him and Diocletian, i. 441; and
between the sack of Rome by him, and that by Alaric the Goth, iii. 290.
Chastity, its high esteem among the ancient Germans, i. 267; and the
primitive Christians, 549.
Chemistry, the art of, from whom derived, v. 305, note M. 305.
Chersonesus, Thracian, how fortified by the emperor Justinian, iii. 93.
This city confounded with Chersonesus Taurica, ii. 170.
Chersonites, the, assist Constantine the Great against the Goths, ii. 171,
vide note M. Are cruelly persecuted by the Greek emperor Justinian,
II, iv. 579.
Chess, the object of the game of, by whom invented, iv. 217. Allusions
to, v. 309, 325.
Childeric, king of France, deposed under papal sanction, v. 28.
Children, the exposing of, a prevailing vice of antiquity, iv. 344.
Children, natural, how defined by the Roman laws. iv. 353, vide note G.
China, how distinguished in ancient history, i. 421, note. Great numbers
of children annually exposed there, 567, note. Its situation, iii. 14, note.
The high antiquity of, claimed by its historians, 14. The great wall of,
when erected, 17, note M. Was twice conquered by the Northern tribes,
19. The Romans supplied with silk by the caravans from, iv. 68, 69.
Turkish invasions of, 204. Is conquered by the Moguls vi. 213, 220.
Expulsion of the Moguls, 222.
Chivalry, origin and character of, v. 562, 563.
Chnodomar, prince of the Alemanni, taken prisoner by Julian at tne bat
tle of Strasburgh, ii. 238.
nosroes, king of Armenia, assassinated by the emissaries of Sapor, king
of Persia, i. 315.
son of Tiridates, king of Armenia, his character, i 179. His-
lory of his son Diran, and of Shahpour, 180, nole M.
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