Edecon is sent from Attila, king of the Huns, as his ambassador to the
emperor Theodosius the Younger, iii. 406. Engages in a proposal to
assassinate Attila, 416. His son Odoacer the first Barbarian king of Italy,
510.
Edessa, the purest dialect of the Syriac language spoken there, i. 242, note.
The property of the Christians there, confiscated by the emperor Julian,
for the disorderly conduct of the Arians, ii. 454. Revolt of the Roman
troops there, iv. 499. Account of the school of, 541. History of the
famous image there, v. 6. The city and principality of, seized by Bald-
win the crusader, 580. Is retaken by Zenghi, vi. 16. The counts of, 133.
Edict of Milan published by Constantine the Great, ii. 252.

Edicts of the prætors of Rome under the republic, their nature and ten-
dency, iv. 310, vide notes M. and W. Perpetual edict of Hadrian, 312,
313, notes W. and M.

Edom, why that name was applied to the Roman empire by the Jews, ii. 6,
note, also note M.

Edrisites, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 326.

Edward I. of England, his crusade to the Holy Land, vi. 45. His sum
cesses, and the story of his wound, 45, notes M.

Egidius, his character, and revolt in Gaul, iii. 485. His son Syagrius, 570.
Egypt, general description of, i. 30. The superstitions of, with difficulty
tolerated at Rome, 39. Amount of its revenues, 187. Tumults and
civil war in Alexandria, 327, note M. Public works executed there by
Probus, 386. Conduct of Diocletian there, 416. Progress of Chris-
tianity there, 578. Edict of the emperor Valens to restrain the number
of recluse monks there, ii. 547. The worship of Serapis, how introduced
there, iii. 143. His temple, and the Alexandrian library destroyed by
the bishop Theophilus, 145, 146. Origin of monkish institutions in, 521.
Great supplies of wheat furnished by, for the city of Constantinople ir.
the time of Justinian, 64. Early civilization of, and antiquities, 64
note M. Ecclesiastical history of, iv. 556. Reduced by the Saracens, v
221. Capture of Alexandria, 226. Administration of, 231. Description
of, by Amrou, 233. The Egyptians take Jerusalem from the Turks, 589.
Egypt conquered by the Turks, vi. 17, 22. Government of the Mam
alukes there, 44.

Elagabalus is declared emperor by the troops at Emesa, i. 167. Was the
first Roman who wore garments of pure silk, iv. 67.

Elephants, inquiry into the number of, brought into the field by the an
cient princes of the East, i. 244, note. With what view introduced in
the Circus at Rome in the first Punic war, 396.

Eleusinian mysteries, why tolerated by the emperor Valentinian, ii. 544.
Elizabeth, queen of England, the political use she made of the national
pulpits, ii. 292, note.

Emigration of the ancient northern nations, the nature and motives of,
examined, i. 263.

Emperors of Rome, a review of their constitutions, iv. 313. Their legis-
lative power, 315. Their rescripts, 316. Of Germany, their limited
powers, v. 68. Of Constantinople, their pomp and luxury, 350. Officers
of the palace, state, and army, 354. Adoration of the emperor, mode
of, 356. Their public appearance, 358. Their despotic power, 363.
Their navy, 364. They retain the name of Romans to the last, 377.
Empire, Roman, division of, into the East and West empires by Valen
tinian, ii. 529. Extinction of the Western empire, 510.

Encampment, Roman, described, i. 18.

Ennodius, the servile flatterer of Theodoric, the Ostrogoth king of Italy,
is made bishop of Pavia, iv. 12, note.

Epagathus, leader of the mutinous prætorians who murdered their præ
fect Ulpian, punished by the emperor Alexander Severus, i. 182.
Ephesus, the famous temple of Diana at, destroyed by the Goths i. 319
Council of, iv. 507. Episcopal riots there, 509.

Epicurus, his legacy to his philosophical disciples at Athens, iii. 106.
Epirus, despots of, on the dismemberment of the Greek empire, vi. 106.
Equitius, master-general of the Illyrian frontier, is defeated by the Sar
matians, ii. 589.

Erasmus, his merit as a reformer, v. 402.

Errors, some which occur in "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Em-
pire," detected by the Rev. H. H. Milman, M. Guizot, and M. Wenck;
ride Editor's Preface, vol. i. p. ix.

Antoninus Pius, adoption of Marcus Aurelius by, explained, i. 93, W
Arabs, 'argument against the realization of their promised inde.
pendence considered, iv. 427, M. Armenia, oversight respecting
the Christianizing of, ii. 275, M. Baltic Sea, its gradual sinking
refuted, i. 252, 253, notes. Artaxerxes unjustly described as a per-
secutor, i. 238, M. Bernard, St., anachronism respecting, vi. 12, M
Caligula and Domitian, error as to their assassination, i. 89, W. Cas
sius, Avidius, not a Roman suicide, i. 95, W. and M. The Latin
language was not established in Britain, i. 45, M. Charlemagne,
charge respecting his daughters, a misinterpretation of Eginhard,
v. 45, M. Cherson, the inhabitants of, not the Tauric Cherson-
ites, send aid to Constantine, ii. 170, M. Christians, early, did not
generally practise a community of goods, i. 563, M.; and were
not strictly Cænobitic, iii. 521, M.; whether equal justice was
granted or denied them in civil causes at Rome? Gibbon's pre-
sumptions require proof, ii. 64, G.; refutation of some uncandid
remarks as to their morality and repentance, i. 544, M. Church,
remark relative to the banner of the, refuted, i. 73, W. and M.
Comitia, the, did not in the reign of Tiberius cease to enact laws,
iv. 309, 310, W. and M. Constantine not defeated in a first battle
by the Goths, ii. 170, M. Crusades, instance of imperfect chrono-
logical arrangement of the, vi. 12, M. Curtius Quintus, error as to
the age in which he lived, i. 219, G. and M. David, census of,
recorded in Scripture, mistakes concerning, v. 597, M. Deification
of the emperors, inaccuracy as to the, i. 84, G. and W.; an inaccu-
racy of M. Guizot also on this point, 84, M. Domitian assassi-
nated by Stephen, the latter not connected with the religion of
Domitilla, ii. 25. Druses, religion of the, and life of the caliph
Hakem, errors respecting, v. 531, M. Edicts of the prætors, Heinec-
cius misled Gibbon respecting the, iv. 309, W.; remarks on, 309, M.
Freedom of Rome granted for increase of taxes by Marcus Aurelius
prior to Caracalla, i. 194, W. Galilæans, refutation of a conjecture
respecting them, ii, 22, G. and M. Germanus, troops of, not from
Germany, as erroneously stated, iv. 265, 267, Lord Mahon and M.
Gordian the younger, discrepancy as to his death and deification
stated, 341, M. Gregory III. implored the aid of Charles Martel, not
Gregory I., ii. 25, M. Honorius, doubt respecting his flying from Ala.
ric, iii. 203, M. Hellespont, error as to its breadth as compared with
the Bosphorus, ii. 92, M. Jews professed an implacable hatred to
the rest of human kind, i. 507, 508; this ancient sarcasm, supported
by Juvenal's Satire, refuted by the spirit and letter of Scripture
508, M. Indictions, imposts first prescribed by Diocletian, not
Constantine, ii. 141, G. Joan, Pope, confutation of errors as to the
son, grandson, and great-grandson of Merozia, v. 61, M. Isis and
Serapis, destruction of the temple of, two dates confounded, i. 38,
W. ard M. Land tax, and capitation, erroneous reference to Dion
Cassius, i. 191, W. Liberius, mistake in his age, iv. 265, M. Liut-
prand, imperfect quotation from, v. 377, M. Louis VII., engaged in
à "glorious action" at the passage of the Mæander, and not Conrad,
vi. 9, M.; he does not climb a tree, but by the aid of the tree and a
rock gains vantage and security, 10, M. Mahometan invasion of
Europe, Moslemah's, not the first, v. 279, M. Martin V., and not

66

Eugenius IV., vi. 516. Martyrs, censure of Gibbon's incredulity
and silence as to their numbers and sufferings, ii. 79, G. and M.,
82, M. Matthew, St., presumption relative to the first two chapters
of, refuted, iv. 490, M. Maximin, ambassador to Attila. forbidden
to pitch his tents on an eminence, and not in a valley, iii. 106, M.
Military establishment of Rome, remarks thereon, examined, i. 16,
M. W. G. Mincius, river flows out of Lake Benacus, not into it, iii.
450, M.
Naked draperies and transparent matrons," doubtless an
erratum in the first edition, iv. 67, M. Nazarenes did not retire
from the ruins of Jerusalem, but quitted before the siege, i. 515, M
Obligations, legal, Gibbon's division of, not good, iv. 366, M. Octa-
vian family not of obscure origin, i. 85, M. Odin, erroneous theory
respecting his conquests, i. 281, G. and M. Para and Tiridates.
correction in the history of, ii. 582, note, vide M. Palestine, errone
ous estimate of its fertility, i. 27, 28, G. M. Peter, St., strictly
speaking, not the founder of the church of Rome, i. 561, M.
Pharandsen, not Olympias, valiantly resists Sapor, ii. 277, M. Præ-
torian guards, dispute of the, confounded with the assassination
of Ulpian, i. 181, W. Proconsuls, lictors attending, observation on,
i. 78, W. Procopius, errors in quoting, iv. 176, M., 268, M. Property,
inaccurate notions respecting the Roman system as to matters of,
iv. 357, 358, W. Religion, statement as to the facility with which
even hostile nations embraced each other's, inquired into and dis-
proved, i. 506, 507. Saracens, Gibbon's ignorance as to the etymology
of this name noticed by Dr. Clarke, v. 85, M. Scoti, or Attacotti,
not cannibals, ii. 567, M. Senate in the reign of Augustus, on the,
i. 74, W. and M. Silver not the only medium of commerce, i. 69, M.
Slaves of Rome, Gibbon's observations on, criticized, i. 47, 48, M. G.;
vindication of Gibbon, 49, M.; the Roman system of, described,
49, M., 53, M. Soldiery, Roman, error respecting the frequency of
their revolts, i. 89, W. Soliman, sultan, not slain in a bath, but in
flight, vi. 280, M. Soliman, sultan, victories in the first crusade at-
tributed to him, instead of his son David, v. 556, 575. Tacitus,
a passage of, misunderstood by Gibbon, iv. 306, M. Tiberius, not
Augustus, first punishes the "crimen læsæ majestatis," i. 99, W.
Toleration, religious, not universal by the Romans, i. 38, W. Tre-
batius, a phrase of Cicero's regarding him, misunderstood, iv. 323,
W. Tribute in kind, not transported at the cost of the provincials,
ii. 143, G. Vandals and Goths incorrectly designated as originally
one and the same nation, i. 286, G. and M. Vitrum, translated
marble, instead of glass, iv. 33, M. Zoroaster, our historian in error
in attributing a passage of the Sadder to, i. 237, M.

*Other erroneous assertions and arguments of Mr. Gibbon are
referred to in the alphabetical order of this index, under the head of
"notes. ""

Essenians, their distinguishing tenets and practices, i. 578.
Etruscans, their seat in Tuscany, i. 24, note M.

Eucharist, a knotty subject to the first reformers, v. 399.

Eudes, duke of Aquitain, repels the first Saracen invasion of France, v. 286.
Implores the aid of Charles Martel, 289. Recovers his dukedom, 291.
Eudocia, her birth, character, and marriage with the emperor Theodosius
the Younger, iii. 354. Her disgrace and death, 357.

Eudoxia, her marriage with the emperor Arcadius, iii. 171. Stimulates
him to give up his favorite Eutropius, 334, 335. Persecutes St. Chrys-
ostom. 313. He death and character, 348.

Eudoxia, the daughter of Theodosius the Younger, is betrothed to the
young emperor Valentinian III. of the West, iii. 366. Her character,
456. Is married to the emperor Maximus, 461. Invites Genseric, king
of the Vandals, to Italy, 462.

Eudoxus, bishop of Constantinople, baptizes the emperor Valens, ii 545

note M.

Eugenius the rhetorician, is made emperor of the West by Arbogastes
the Frank, iii. 122. Is defeated and killed by Theodosius, 127.
Eugenius IV., pope, his contest with the council of Basil, vi. 310. Procures
a reunion of the Latin and Greek churches, 322. Forms a league against
the Turks, 350. Revolt of the Roman citizens against him, 504.
Eugubine tables, the, dug up near Cortona, iv. 302, notes by Gibbon and M
Eumenius the orator, some account of, i. 449, note.

Eunapius the sophist, his character of monks, and of the objects of their
worship, iii. 155. A fragment of his quoted, 329, note M.

Eunomians, punishment of, by the edict of the emperor Theodosius
against heretics, ii. 81, 93.

Eunuchs enumerated in the list of Eastern commodities imported and taxed
in the time of Alexander Severus, i. 191. They infest the palace of the third
Gordian, 220. Their ascendency in the court of Constantius, ii. 201. Why
they favored the Arians, 328, note. Procure the banishment of Liberius,
bishop of Rome, 235. A conspiracy of, to disappoint the schemes of
Rufinus, and marry the emperor Arcadius to Eudoxia, iii. 171. They
distract the court of the emperor Honorius, 275, and govern that of Ar-
cadius, 324. Scheme of Chrysaphius to assassinate Attila, king of the
Huns, iii. 416. The bishop of Seez and his whole chapter castrated, vi
426, note.

Euric, king of the Visigoths in Gaul, his conquests in Spain, iii. 498. Is
vested with all the Roman conquests beyond the Alps by Odoacer, king
of Italy, 567.

Europe, present population of, i. 54, note. Evidences that the climate of,
was much colder in ancient than in modern times, 252. This alteration
accounted for, 254. Final division of, between the Western and Eastern
empires, iii. 164. Is ravaged by Attila, king of the Huns, 395. May
be considered by the philosopher as one great republic, 637.
Eusebia, empress, wife of Constantius, her steady friendship to Julian, ii.
211, 212. Is accused of arts to deprive Julian of children, 215.
Eusebius, his character of the followers of Artemon, i. 584. His own char-
acter ii. 80. His "History," 78, note M. His story of the miraculous
appearance of the cross in the sky to Constantine the Great, 65, 66.
Eutropius the eunuch, great chamberlain to the emperor Arcadius, con-
certs his marriage with Eudoxia in opposition to the views of Rufinus,
iii. 171. Succeeds Rufinus in the emperor's confidence, 179. His char-
acter and administration, 324. Provides for his own security, in a new
law against treason, 329. Takes sanctuary with St. Chrysostom, 334.
His death, 336.

Eutyches, his opinion on the subject of the incarnation supported by the
second council at Ephesus, iv. 515. And adhered to by the Armenians
555.

Euxine Sea, description of the vessels used in navigating, i. 307. The
Periplus, or circumnavigation of, by Arrian, iv. 224, note. That by
Sallust, 224.

Exaltation of the cross, origin of the annual festival of, iv. 485.

Exarchs of Ravenna, the government of Italy settled in, and administered
by, iv. 279, 408. The office described, v. 31, 32.

Excise duties imposed by Augustus, i. 187.

Excommunication from Christian communion, the origin of, i. 567, ii. 298.
Exile, voluntary, under accusation and conscious guilt, its advantages
among the Romans, iv. 382, 383.

F.

Fables of Pilpay, various translations of, their character, iv. 216, note M.
217.

Faith and its operations defined, i. 544.

Falcandus, Hugo, character of his Historia Sicula, v. 494, note. His iam-
entation on the transfer of the sovereignty of the island to the empest
Henry VI.. 495.

Fathers of the Christian church, cause of their austere morality, i. 546.
Fausta, empress, wife of Constantine the Great, causes of her being put
to death, ii. 162.

Faustina, married to Marcus Antoninus, i. 93.

the widow of the emperor Constantius, countenances the revolt

of Procopius against the emperor Valens, ii. 533.

Felix is consecrated bishop of Rome, to supersede Liberius, who was
exiled, ii. 355. He is violently expelled, and his adherents slaughtered
356.

-, an African bishop, his martyrdom, ii. 67.

Ferdusi, the Persian, his poem and translations, iii. 13, note M.

Ferishta, the, translations of, by Colonels Dow and Briggs, v. 499, 50
notes M.

Festivals, Pagan, great offence taken at, by the primitive Christians, i.
524, 525, iii. 492, 493. See Games.

Feudar government, the rudiments of, to be found among the Scythians,
iii. 12, 25, note M.

Figures, numeral, their first public and familiar use, v. 277, 278, notes M.
Finances of the Roman empire, when the seat of it was removed to Con
stantinople, reviewed, ii. 140.

Fingal, his questionable history, whether to be connected with the inva-
sion of Caledonia by the emperor Severus, i. 153.

Fire, Greek, the Saracen fleet destroyed by, in the harbor of Constanti-
nople, v. 280. Is long preserved as a secret, 282, 284. Its effects not to
be compared with gunpowder, 367.

Firmus, an Egyptian merchant, his revolt against the emperor Aurelian,
i. 358.

the Moor, his revolt against Valentinian, ii. 571. Suppressed by
Theodosius, 572. Duration of this war, 573, note M.

Flagellation, its efficacy in penance, and how proportioned, v. 547.
Flamens, Roman, their number, and peculiar office, iii. 132.

Flaminian way, its course described, iv. 270, note.

Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, is killed at the second council of
Ephesus, iv. 516.

Fleece, golden, probable origin of the fable of, iv. 226.

Flor, Roger de, a successful Arragonese admiral, vi. 166, note G., 168,
note M.

Florence, the foundation of that city, iii. 217, note. Is besieged by Rada-
gaisus, and relieved by Stilicho, 217, 218.
Florentius, prætorian præfect of Gaul under Constantius, his character,
ii. 244, 374. Is condemned by the tribunal of Chalcedon, but suffered to
escape by Julian, 399.

Florianus, brother of the emperor Tacitus, his eager usurpation of the
Imperial dignity, i. 374.

Fornication, not clearly proved by the gospel authorities to be a sufficient
plea for divorce, iv. 350, note M., 352.
France, modern, computation of the number of its inhabitants, and the
average of their taxation, ii. 147, 148, note M.
the name of, whence derived, iii. 604. Derivation of the French
language, 611, note. Childeric deposed, and Pepin appointed king, by
papal sanction, v. 28. Reign and character of Charlemagne, 44, 45.
Invasion of, by the Saracens, 285.

Frangipani, Cencio, his ferocious treatment of the persons of Pore Gela
sius II. and his college of cardinals, vi. 427. Derivation of his family
name, 460.

Franks, their origin and confederacy, i. 299. The nations composing it,
299, note M. They invade Gaul, and ravage Spain, 300, 301. They pass
over into Africa, 301. Bold and successful return of a colony of, from
the sea of Pontus, by sea, 384. They overrun and establish themselves
at Toxandria in Germany, ii. 231. Their fidelity to the Roman govern