Sacrifices of :xen and sheep, ii. 436. Of camels, 436, note M. Similar
sacrifices sanctioned by the Koran, v. 115, note M.
Sadducees, account of that sect among the Jews, i. 531.

Saffauh, or Abul Abbas, establishes the dynasty of the Abbas side caliphs,
v. 293, note M.

Saladin, his birth, promotion, and character, vi. 21. Conquers the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 24, 27. His ineffectual siege of Tyre, 28. Siege of Acre,
30. His negotiations with Richard I. of England, 34. His death, 35.
Salerno, account of the medical school of, v. 462.
Salian tribe governed by Clovis, iii. 569.

Salic laws, history of, iii. 599, note M. Choice permitted to individuals as
to which code (the Salic or the Roman) they would abide by,
vide note M.

592

Sallust, the præfect, and friend of the emperor Julian, ii. 399, notes. De.
clines the offer of the diadem on his death, 504. Declines it again on
the death of Jovian, 525. Is retained in his employment by the emperor
Valentinian, 529, 541.

the historian, by what funds he raised his palace on the Quirinal
hill, iii. 286, note.

Salona, the retreat of the emperor Diocletian, described, i. 445.
Salvian, his account of the distress and rebellion of the Bagaudæ, iii.
458, note.

Samanides, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 327.

Samaritans, persecution and extinction of, by Justinian, iv. 530.

Samuel, the prophet, his ashes conveyed to Constantinople, iii. 156.
Sapor, king of Persia, procures the assassination of Chosroes, king of
Armenia, and seizes the country, i. 315. Defeats the emperor Valerian,
and takes him prisoner, 316. Sets up Cyriades as successor to Valerian
in the Roman empire, 316. Overruns Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia,
317. His death, 356.

the son of Hormouz, is crowned king of Persia, before his birth,
ii. 177, note M. His character and early heroism, 178. Harasses the
eastern provinces of the Roman empire, 179, note M. Battle of Singara
against the emperor Constantius, 182. His son brutally killed by Con-
stantius, 183. His several attempts on Nisibis, 183. Concludes a truce
with Constantius, 186. His haughty propositions to Constantius, 222. In
vades Mesopotamia, 225. Reduces Amida, 226. Returns home, 229
His peaceful overtures to the emperor Julian, 464. His consternation
at the successes of Julian, 492. Harasses the retreat of the Romans,
497. His treaty with the emperor Jovian, 508. His reduction of Arme-
nia, and death, 576, 579.

Saracens, various definitions of that appellation, v. 85, note. Successions
of the caliphs, 153. Their rapid conquests, 174. Conquest of Persia,
183. Siege of Damascus, 192. Battle of Yermuk, and conquest of
Syria, 207. Of Egypt, 220. Invasions of Africa, 235, 240. Their mili-
tary character, 369.

Sabar, the Persian general, joins the Avars, in besieging Crustantinople,
iv. 475. Revolts to the emperor Heraclius, 477.

Sardinia, expulsion of the Vandals from, by Marcellinus iii. 494. Is con.
quered by Zano, the brother of Gelimer, king of the Vandals, iv. 130.
Is surrendered to Belisarius, 133.
Sarmatians, memorable defeat of, by the emperor Carus. i. 390. Their
manners described, ii. 166. Brief history of, 168. They apply to Con-
stantine the Great for assistance against the Goths, 169. Are expelled
their country by the Limigantes, 171. Are restored by Constantius, 224.
Savage manners, a brief view of, i. 257. Are more uniform than those of
civilized nations, iii. 3.

Sarus, the Goth, plunders the camp of Stilicho, and drives him into the
hands of the emperor at Ravenna, iii. 234. Insults Alaric, and occa
sions the sacking of Rome, 281. Is killed by Adolphus, king of the Visi
goths, 306, note M.
27

Saturninus, one of the competitors for empire against Gallienus, his obser
vation on his investiture, i. 324.

lieutenant under the emperor Probus in the East, is driven
into rebellion by his troops, i. 385.

Sauce, punishment inflicted on the inventor of a new sauce if disagreeable
to the Imperial palate, i. 172, note.

Saxons, ancient, an account of, ii. 560. Their piratical confederations,
561. Their invasions of Gaul checked by the Romans, 562. How con-
verted to Christianity, iii. 543. Descent of the Saxons in Britain. 616.
Their brutal desolation of the country, 624. Their relations with Char
lemagne, v. 52, 53, note M.

Scanderbeg, prince of Albania, his history, vi. 360, 361, notes.

Scatinian law of the Romans, account of, iv. 378.

Scaurus, the patrician family of, how reduced under the emperors, ii. 113,

note.

Schism in religion, the origin of, traced, i. 520.

Science reducible to four classes, v. 303.

Sclavonians, their national character, iv. 196. Their barbarous inroads on
the Eastern empire, 198. Of Dalmatia, account of, v. 407.

Scots and Picts, the nations of, how distinguished, ii. 563. Invasions of
Britain by, 565, 566, note M. The charge of cannibalism denied by Dr.
Parr, 567, note M.

Scythians and Tartars, this name vaguely applied to mixed tribes of Barba-
rians, i. 249, note G. Their pastoral manners, iii. 4. Extent and bounda-
ries of Scythia, 12, vide note M. Revolutions of, 213. Their mode of
war, 397.

Sebastian, master-general of the infantry under the emperor Valens, his
successful expedition against the Goths, iii. 47. Is killed in the battle of
Hadrianople, 51.

the brother of the usurper Jovinus, is associated with him in
his assumed Imperial dignities, iii, 306.

Sebastocrator, import of that title in the Greek empire, v. 353.
Seez, in Normandy, the bishop and chapter castrated, vi. 426, note.
Segestan, the princes of, support their independence obstinately against

Artaxerxes, i. 239, note.

Segued, emperor of Abyssinia, converted by the Jesuits, iv. 565.
Selden, his sententious character of transubstantiation, v. 1, note.
Seleucia, the great city of, ruined by the Romans, i. 241.
Seleucus Nicator, number of cities founded by him, i. 239, note.
Seljuk, Turkish dynasty of the house of, v. 508. Division of their empire,
523, note M.

Senate of Rome is reformned by Augustus, i. 74, note M. Its legislative and
judicial powers, 82. Abortive attempt of, to resume its right after the
murder of Caligula, 88. Its legal jurisdiction over the emperors, 119.
Is subjected to military despotism by Severus, 148. Women excluded
from this assembly by a solemn law, 176. The form of a secret meeting,
206. Measures taken to support the authority of the two Gordians, 207.
The senate elect Maximus and Ballinus emperors on the deaths of the
Gordians, 209. They drive the Alemanni out of Italy, 304. The sena
tors forbid to exercise military employments by Gallienus, 304. Elect
Tacitus, the father of the senate, emperor, 370. Prerogatives gained to
the senate by this election, 371. Their power and authority annihilated
by Diocletian, 434. Amount of the coronary gold, or customary free
gift of, to the emperors, ii. 150. The claim of Julian to the empire
admitted, 389. Petitions of, to the emperors, for the restoration of the
altar of victory, iii. 134. The Pagan religion renounced, 137. Debates
of, on the proposals of Alaric the Goth, 230. Genealogy of the senators,
246 Passes a decree for putting to death Serena, the widow of Stilicho,
269. Under the influence of Alaric, elects Attalus emperor, 278. Trial
of Arvandus, a prætorian præfect of Gaul, 500. Surrenders the sovereiga
power of Italy to the emperor of the East, 501. Extinction of that

h.strious assembly, iv. 273. Restoration of, in the twelfth centa y, vi
434, 438. The assembly resolved into single magistrates, 429.
Serapion, his lamentation for the loss of a personified deity, iv. 44.
Serapis, history of his worship, and of his temple at Alexandia, iii. 143.
The temple destroyed, 145.

Serena, niece of the emperor Theodosius, married to Stilicho, iii. 174.
Cruelly strangled by order of the Roman senate, 269.

Sergeant, legal and military import of that term, vi. 76, note.

Serica and Thinæ, of the ancients, iv. 68, note M.

Severinus, St., encourages Odoacer to assume the dominion of Italy, iii
511. His body, how disposed of, 515, note.

Severus is declared Cæsar on the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian.
i. 458. His death, 462.

is appointed general of the cavalry in Gaul under Julian, ii. 236.
Septimius, his stone wall between Carlisle and Newcastle, i 5,
note M. General of the Pannonian legions, assumes the purple on the
death of Pertinax, 133. His conduct towards the Christians, ii. 48.
Shepherds and warriors, their respective modes of life compared, iii. 4,
note M.

Shiites, a sect of Mahometans, their distinction from the Sonnites, v. 156.
Siberia, extreme coldness of the climate, and miserable state of the natives
of, iii. 15. Is seized and occupied by the Tartars, vi. 220.
Sibylline books, in the custody of the Quindecemvirs, iii. 132.
Sicily, reflections on the distractions in that island, i. 326. Is conquered
by the Saracens, v. 512. Introduction of the silk manufacture there, 347.
Exploits of the Normans there, 450. Is conquered by Count Roger, 464.
Roger, son of the former, made king of, 482. Reign of William the
Bad, 493. Reign of William the Good, 494. Conquest of, by the em-
peror Henry VI., 496. Is subdued by Charles of Anjou, vi. 160. The
Sicilian Vespers, 164.

Sidonius Apollinaris, the poet, his humorous treatment of the capitation
tax, ii. 146, note M. His character of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths
in Gaul, iii. 467. His panegyric on the emperor Avitus, 471. His pane-
gyric on the emperor Anthemius. 491.

Siganfu, celebrated inscription of, iv. 545, note. Its authenticity vindi-
cated, 545, note M.

Sigismond, king of the Burgundians, murders his son, and is canonized,
iii. 580. Is overwhelmed by an army of Franks, 581.

Silentiarius, Paul, his account of the various species of stone and marble
employed in the church of St. Sophia, iv. 89, note.

Silk, first manufactured in China, and then in the small Grecian island of
Ceos, iv. 66. A peculiar kind of silk procured from the pinna marina,
68. The silk-worm, how introduced to Greece, 71. Progress of the
manufacture of, in the tenth century, v. 345.

Silver and brass, relative value of, i. 10, note M.

Simeon, persecutor of the Paulicians, becomes a proselyte to their opin-
ions, 390.

king of Bulgaria, his exploits, v. 408. 2009 Musli

Stylites, the hermit, his extraordinary mode of life, iii. 538.
Simony, an early instance of, ii. 54, note.

Simplicius, one of the last surviving Pagan philosophers of Athens, his
writings and character, iii. 109.

bingara, battle of, between the emperor Constantius and Sapor, king of
Persia, ii. 182-239. The city of, reduced by Sapor, 182-239. I«
yielded to him by Jovian, 509.

Singeric, brother of Sarus, is made king of the Goths, iii. 310.

Singidunum taken by Baian, chagan of the Avars, iv. 444.

Sirmium is perfidiously taken by Baian, iv. 444.

Firoes deposes and murders his father Chosroes II., king of Persia, iv. 482
483, note M His treaty of peace with the emperor Heraclius, 484.

Bisebut, a Gothic king of Spain, persecutes the Jews there, iii. 563.
Sixtus V
pope, character of his administration, vi. 513. Leti's life of
513, note M.
Slave, strange perversion of the original sense of that appellation, v. 406.
Slaves, among the Romans, who, and their condition described, i. 47.
Their amazing number, 47, note M. Marriage permitted them for the
sake of a progeny of bondsmen, 49, note M.

Slavery, personal, imposed on captives by the barbarous nations, iii. 602.
Sleepers, Seven, narrative of the legendary tale of, iii. 383. M'eter
Smyrna, capture of, by Tamerlane, vi. 266.

Smyth's, Captain, Catalogue of Medals, note M. i. 301. His list of true
and doubtful coins of Pretenders to the throne in the reign of Gallienus,
322, note M.

Society, philosophical reflections on the revolutions of, iii. 637.
Soffarides, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 327.

Soldiers, Roman, i. 10. Their obligations and discipline, 11. When they
first received regular pay, 186.

Soliman, caliph of the Saracens, undertakes the siege of Constantinople,
v. 278. His enormous appetite and death, 280.

sultan, conquers Asia Minor, v. 524. Fixes his residence at Nice,
526. Is succeeded by his son David, surnamed Kilidje Arslan, who
destroys the van of the first crusade in the plains of Nice, 555, note M.
Nice taken by the first crusaders, 575 Battle of Dorylæum, 577.

the son of Bajazet, his character, vi. 279. Error as to his death.
280, note M. His alliance with the Greek emperor Manuel Palæologus,
283.
Solomon, king of the Jews, not the author of the book which bears the
name of his Wisdom, ii. 304. Reasons for supposing he did not write
either the book of Ecclesiastes or the Proverbs, iv. 139, note. Vide note M.
the eunuch, relieves the Roman province in Africa from the dep-
redations of the Moors, iv. 143. Revolt of his troops at Carthage, 245.
Is defeated and killed by Antalus the Moor, 248, note M.
Sonnites in the Mahometan religion, their tenets, v. 156.Ami

Sopater, a Syrian philosopher, beheaded by Constantine the Great, on a
charge of binding the wind by magic, ii. 337, note.

Sophia, the widow of Justin II., her conspiracy against the emperor Tibe-
rius, iv. 403.

-, St., foundation of the church of, at Constantinople, iv. 85. Its
description, 87. Is converted into a mosque, vi. 411.

Sophian, the Arab, commands the first siege of Constantinople, v. 274.
Sophronia, a Roman matron, kills herself to escape the violence of Max-
entius, i. 472, note.

Sortes Sanctorum, a mode of Christian divination, adopted from the Pa
gans, iii. 584, note.

M To brows

Soul, uncertain opinions of the ancient philosophers as to the immortality
of, i. 527. This doctrine more generally received among the barbarous
nations, and for what reason, 529. Was not taught by Moses, 530.
Presumed reason of his silence on this head, 530, note M. Four differ
ent prevailing doctrines as to the origin of, iv. 491, note.
Sozopetra destroyed by the Greek emperor Theophilus, v. 318.
Spain, the province of, described, i. 22. Great revenues raised from this
province by the Romans, 188. Is ravaged by the Franks, 301. Review
of the history of, iii. 307. Is invaded by the barbarous nations, 308.
The invaders conquered by Wallia, king of the Goths, 311. Success of
the Vandals there, 369. Expedition of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths,
into, 469. The Christian religion received there, 559. Revolt and mar
tyrdom of Hermenegild, 559. Persecution of the Jews in, 563. Legisla
tive assemblies of, 612. Acquisitions of Justinian there, iv. 145. State
of, under the emperor Charlemagne, v. 49. First introduction of the
Arabs into the country, 248. Defeat and death of Roderic, the Gothin

king of, 253. Conquest of, by Musa, 258. Its prosperity under the
Saracens, 261. The Christian faith there, supplanted by that of Ma-
komet, 263. The throne of Cordova established by the Ommiades, 263.
Accession of Abdalrahman, 295.

Stadium, Olympic, the races of, compared with those in the Roman
circus, iv. 56. D'Anville's measure of the Greek stade, ii. 92, note M.
Stauracius, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 589.

Stephen, a freedman of Domitilla, assassinates the emperor Domitian, ii.
25, note M.
Count of Chartres, his character, and engagement in the first
crusade, v. 559. Deserts his standard, 585.

St., the first Christian martyr, miraculous discovery of his body,
and the miracles worked by it, iii. 158.

the Savage, sent by the Greek emperor Justinian II. to exter-
minate the Chersonites, iv. 580.

III., pope, solicits the aid of Pepin, king of France, against
the Lombards, under the character of St. Peter, v. 26. Crowns King
Pepin, 29.

Stilicho, the great general of the Western empire under the emperor Hono-
rius, his character, iii. 173. Puts to death Rufinus, the tyrannical præfect
of the East, 177. His expedition against Alaric in Greece, 195. His
diligent endeavors to check his progress in Italy, 202. Defeats Alaric
at Pollentia, 205. Drives him out of Italy, 207. His triumph at Rome,
209. His preparations to oppose the invasion of Radagaisus, 216. Re-
duces and puts him to death, 220. Supports the claims of Alaric in the
Roman senate, 230. Is put to death at Ravenna, 233, 234. His memory
persecuted, 235.

Stoza heads the revolted troops of the emperor Justinian in Africa, iv. 246.
His death related variously, 246, note M.

Strasburg, battle of, between Julian and the Alemanni, ii. 237.

Stukely, Dr., Medallic History of Carausius by, i. 401, note.

Successianus defends the Roman frontier against the Goths, i. 307.

Suevi, the origin and renown of, i. 302, 303, note M.

Suicide applauded and pitied by the Romans, iv. 383.

Suiones or Sitones, the, distinguished from the Suevi, i. 263, note M.
Sulpicius, Servius, was the highest improver of the Roman jurisprudence,
iv. 321.

Sultan, origin and import of this title of Eastern sovereignty, v. 500, note.
Sumnat, description of the Pagoda of, in Guzarat, and its destruction by
the sultan Mahmud, v. 502.

Sun, the worship of, introduced at Rome by the emperor Elagabalus, i.
170. Was the peculiar object of the devotion of Constantine the Great,
before his conversion, ii. 251. And of Julian, after his apostasy, 424.
Surenas, Persian general, a family name, not a title, ii. 479, note M.
Susa, the city of, taken by Constantine the Great, i. 476.

Swatoslaus, czar of Russia, his reign, v. 431, 433.

Swiss cantons, the confederacy of, how far similar to that of the ancient
Franks, i. 300.

Sword of Mars, the sacred weapon of the Huns, history of, iii. 390.

Syagrius, king of the Franks and Burgundians, his character, iii. 570. Is
conquered by Clovis, 571.

Sylla, the dictator, his legislative character, iv. 375.

Syllanus, the consul, his speech to the senate, recommending the ele stion
of the two Gordians to their approbation, i. 206.

Sylvania, sister of the præfect Rufinus, her sanctity, iii. 178, note.
Sylvanus, general in Gaul under Constantius, is ruined by treachery, il
216. Assumes the purple at Cologne, 216. His death, 216.

Bylverius, pope, is degraded and sent into exile by Belisarius for an at-
tempt to betray the city of Rome to the Goths, iv. 168, 169, note M.
His death, 252, note.

VOL. VI.

52