Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa: Including a Sketch of ... - David Livingstone - Google Books

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CONTENTS.

Personal Sketch.-Highland Ancestors.-Family Traditions.-Grandfather removes

to the Lowlands.-Parents.-Early Labors and Efforts.—Evening School.-Love

of Reading.-Religious Impressions.-Medical Education.-Youthful Travels.-

Geology.-Mental Discipline.-Study in Glasgow.-London Missionary Society.-

Native Village.-Medical Diploma.-Theological Studies.-Departure for Africa.

-No Claim to Literary Accomplishments

..........Page 1

The Bakwain Country.—Study of the Language.-Native Ideas regarding Comets.

-Mabótsa Station.-A Lion Encounter.-Virus of the Teeth of Lions.-Names

of the Bechuana Tribes.-Sechéle.-His Ancestors.-Obtains the Chieftainship.

-His Marriage and Government.-The Kotla.—First public Religious Services.

-Sechele's Questions.—He Learns to Read.-Novel mode for Converting his

Tribe. Surprise at their Indifference.-Polygamy.-Baptism of Sechele.-Oppo-

sition of the Natives.-Purchase Land at Chonuáne.-Relations with the People.

-Their Intelligence.-Prolonged Drought.-Consequent Trials.-Rain-medi-

cine.-God's Word blamed.-Native Reasoning.-Rain-maker.-Dispute between

Rain Doctor and Medical Doctor.-The Hunting Hopo.-Salt or animal Food a

necessary of Life.-Duties of a Missionary....
9

The Boers.-Their Treatment of the Natives.-Seizure of native Children for

Slaves.-English Traders.-Alarm of the Boers.-Native Espionage.-The Tale

of the Cannon.-The Boers threaten Sechele.-In violation of Treaty, they stop

English Traders and expel Missionaries.-They attack the Bakwains.-Their

Mode of Fighting.-The Natives killed and the School-children carried into

Slavery.-Destruction of English Property.-African Housebuilding and House-

keeping.-Mode of Spending the Day.-Scarcity of Food.-Locusts.-Edible

Frogs.-Scavenger Beetle.-Continued Hostility of the Boers.-The Journey

north.-Preparations.-Fellow-travelers.-The Kalahari Desert.-Vegetation.-

Watermelons.-The Inhabitants.-The Bushmen. -Their nomade Mode of

Life.-Appearance.-The Bakalahári.-Their Love for Agriculture and for do-

mestic Animals.-Timid Character.-Mode of obtaining Water.-Female Water-

suckers.-The Desert.-Water hidden...........

Departure from Kolobeng, 1st June, 1849.-Companions.-Our Route.—Abund-

ance of Grass.-Serotli, a Fountain in the Desert.-Mode of digging Wells.-

The Eland.—Animals of the Desert.-The Hyæna.-The Chief Sekomi.—

Dangers.-The wandering Guide.-Cross Purposes.-Slow Progress.-Want of

Water.-Capture of a Bushwoman.-The Salt-pan at Nchokotsa.-The Mirage.

-Reach the River Zouga.-The Quakers of Africa.-Discovery of Lake Ngami,

1st August, 1849.-Its Extent.-Small Depth of Water.-Position as the Reser-

voir of a great River System.-The Bamangwato and their Chief.-Desire to

visit Sebituane, the Chief of the Makololo.-Refusal of Lechulatebe to furnish

us with Guides.-Resolve to return to the Cape.-The Banks of the Zouga.-

Pitfalls. Trees of the District.-Elephants.-New Species of Antelope.-Fish

Leave Kolobeng again for the Country of Sebituane.-Reach the Zouga.-The

Tsétse.-A Party of Englishmen.-Death of Mr. Rider.-Obtain Guides.-Chil-

dren fall sick with Fever.-Relinquish the Attempt to reach Sebituane.—Mr.

Oswell's Elephant-hunting.—Return to Kolobeng.—Make a third Start thence.

-Reach Nchokotsa.-Salt-pans.-"Links," or Springs.-Bushmen.-Our Guide

Shobo.-The Banajóa.-An ugly Chief.-The Tsetse.-Bite fatal to domestic

Animals, but harmless to wild Animals and Man.-Operation of the Poison.-

Losses caused by it.—The Makololo.-Our Meeting with Sebituane.-Sketch of

his Career. His Courage and Conquests.—Manœuvres of the Batōka.—He out-

wits them.-His Wars with the Matebele.-Predictions of a native Prophet.-

Successes of the Makololo.-Renewed Attacks of the Matebele.-The Island of

Loyélo.-Defeat of the Matebele.-Sebituane's Policy.-His Kindness to Stran-

gers and to the Poor.-His sudden Illness and Death.-Succeeded by his Daugh-

ter. Her Friendliness to us.-Discovery, in June, 1851, of the Zambesi flowing

in the Centre of the Continent.-Its Size.-The Mambári.-The Slave-trade.-

Determine to send Family to England.-Return to the Cape in April, 1852.—

Safe Transit through the Caffre Country during Hostilities.-Need of a "Spe-

cial Correspondent."-Kindness of the London Missionary Society.-Assistance

afforded by the Astronomer Royal at the Cape..

Start in June, 1852, on the last and longest Journey from Cape Town.-Compan-

ions. Wagon-traveling.-Physical Divisions of Africa.-The Eastern, Central,

and Western Zones.-The Kalahari Desert.-Its Vegetation.-Increasing Value

of the Interior for Colonization.-Our Route.-Dutch Boers.-Their Habits.-

Sterile Appearance of the District.-Failure of Grass.- Succeeded by other

Plants.-Vines.-Animals.-The Boers as Farmers.-Migration of Springbucks.

-Wariness of Animals.-The Orange River.-Territory of the Griquas and

Bechuanas.-The Griquas.-The Chief Waterboer.-His wise and energetic

Government.-His Fidelity.-Ill-considered Measures of the Colonial Govern-

ment in regard to Supplies of Gunpowder.-Success of the Missionaries among

the Griquas and Bechuanas.-Manifest Improvement of the native Character.-

Dress of the Natives.—A full-dress Costume.-A Native's Description of the Na-

tives.-Articles of Commerce in the Country of the Bechuanas.-Their Unwil-

lingness to learn, and Readiness to criticise....
108

Kuruman. Its fine Fountain.-Vegetation of the District.-Remains of ancient

Forests.-Vegetable Poison.-The Bible translated by Mr. Moffat.-Capabilities

of the Language.-Christianity among the Natives.-The Missionaries should

extend their Labors more beyond the Cape Colony.-Model Christians.-Dis-

graceful Attack of the Boers on the Bakwains.-Letter from Sechele.-Details

of the Attack.-Numbers of School-children carried away into Slavery.-De-

struction of House and Property at Kolobeng.—The Boers vow Vengeance against

me.-Consequent Difficulty of getting Servants to accompany me on my Jour-

ney. Start in November, 1852.-Meet Sechele on his way to England to obtain

Redress from the Queen.-He is unable to proceed beyond the Cape.-Meet

Mr. Macabe on his Return from Lake Ngami.-The hot Wind of the Desert.—

Electric State of the Atmosphere. — Flock of Swifts.-Reach Litubaruba. —

The Cave Lepelole.-Superstitions regarding it.-Impoverished State of the

Bakwains.-Retaliation on the Boers.-Slavery.-Attachment of the Bechu-

anas to Children. - Hydrophobia unknown. -Diseases of the Bakwains few

in number. Yearly Epidemics. - Hasty Burials. — Ophthalmia. — Native

Doctors. - Knowledge of Surgery at a very low Ebb.- Little Attendance

given to Women at their Confinements.-The "Child Medicine."- Salu-

brity of the Climate well adapted for Invalids suffering from pulmonary Com-

plaints........

Departure from the Country of the Bakwains.-Large black Ant.-Land Tor-

toises.-Diseases of wild Animals.-Habits of old Lions-Cowardice of the

Lion.-Its Dread of a Snare.-Major Vardon's Note.-The Roar of the Lion re-

sembles the Cry of the Ostrich.-Seldom attacks full-grown Animals.-Buffaloes

and Lions.-Mice.-Serpents.-Treading on one.-Venomous and harmless Va-

rieties. Fascination.—Sekomi's Ideas of Honesty.-Ceremony of the Sechu for

Boys.-The Boyale for young Women.-Bamangwato Hills.-The Unicorn's

Pass.-The Country beyond.-Grain.-Scarcity of Water.-Honorable Conduct

of English Gentlemen.-Gordon Cumming's hunting Adventures.-A Word of

Advice for young Sportsmen.-Bushwomen drawing Water.-Ostrich.-Silly

Habit.-Paces.-Eggs.-Food.........

Effects of Missionary Efforts.-Belief in the Deity.-Ideas of the Bakwains on Re-

ligion.-Departure from their Country.-Salt-pans.-Sour Curd.-Nchokotsa.—

Bitter Waters.-Thirst suffered by the wild Animals.-Wanton Cruelty in Hunt-

ing.-Ntwetwe.-Mowana-trees.-Their extraordinary Vitality.—The Mopané-

tree. The Morala.-The Bushmen.-Their Superstitions.-Elephant-hunting.—

Superiority of civilized over barbarous Sportsmen.-The Chief Kaisa.-His Fear

of Responsibility.-Beauty of the Country at Unku.-The Mohonono Bush.-

Severe Labor in cutting our Way.-Party seized with Fever.-Escape of our

Cattle.-Bakwain Mode of recapturing them.-Vagaries of sick Servants.-Dis-

covery of grape-bearing Vines.-An Ant-eater.-Difficulty of passing through

the Forest.-Sickness of my Companion.-The Bushmen.-Their Mode of de-

stroying Lions.-Poisons.-The solitary Hill.-A picturesque Valley.-Beauty

of the Country. --Arrive at the Sanshureh River. -The flooded Prairies. —A

pontooning Expedition.-A night Bivouac.-The Chobe.-Arrive at the Village

of Moremi.-Surprise of the Makololo at our sudden Appearance.-Cross the

Chobe on our way to Linyanti.........

Reception at Linyanti.-The court Herald.-Sekeletu obtains the Chieftainship

from his Sister.-Mpepe's Plot.-Slave-trading Mambari.—Their sudden Flight.

-Sekeletu narrowly escapes Assassination.-Execution of Mpepe.-The Courts

of Law.-Mode of trying Offenses.-Sekeletu's Reason for not learning to read

the Bible.-The Disposition made of the Wives of a deceased Chief.-Makololo

Women. They work but little.-Employ Serfs.—Their Drink, Dress, and Orna-

ments.-Public Religious Services in the Kotla.-Unfavorable Associations of the

place.-Native Doctors.-Proposals to teach the Makololo to read.-Sekeletu's

Present.-Reason for accepting it.-Trading in Ivory.-Accidental Fire.-Pres-

ents for Sekeletu.-Two Breeds of native Cattle.-Ornamenting the Cattle.-The

Women and the Looking-glass.-Mode of preparing the Skins of Oxen for Man-

tles and for Shields.-Throwing the Spear......

The Fever.-Its Symptoms.-Remedies of the native Doctors.-Hospitality of Se-

keletu and his People.-One of their Reasons for Polygamy.-They cultivate

largely. The Makalaka or subject Tribes.-Sebituane's Policy respecting them.

-Their Affection for him.-Products of the Soil.-Instrument of Culture.-The

Tribute.-Distributed by the Chief.-A warlike Demonstration.-Lechulatebe's

Provocations.-The Makololo determine to punish him.-The Bechuanas.—

Meaning of the Term.-Three Divisions of the great Family of South Afri-

Departure from Linyanti for Sesheke.-Level Country.-Ant-hills.-Wild Date-

trees.-Appearance of our Attendants on the March.-The Chief's Guard.-They

attempt to ride on Ox-back.-Vast Herds of the new Antelopes, Leches, and Na-

kongs. The native way of hunting them.-Reception at the Villages.-Presents

of Beer and Milk.-Eating with the Hand.-The Chief provides the Oxen for

Slaughter.-Social Mode of Eating.-The Sugar-cane.-Sekeletu's novel Test

of Character.-Cleanliness of Makololo Huts.-Their Construction and Appear-

ance.-The Beds.-Cross the Leeambye.-Aspect of this part of the Country.-

The small Antelope Tianyane unknown in the South.-Hunting on foot.-An

Procure Canoes and ascend the Leeambye.-Beautiful Islands.—Winter Land-

scape.-Industry and Skill of the Banyeti.—Rapids.—Falls of Gonye.—Tradi-

tion.-Annual Inundations.-Fertility of the great Barotse Valley.-Execution

of two Conspirators.-The Slave-dealer's Stockade.-Naliele, the Capital, built

on an artificial Mound.-Santuru, a great Hunter.-The Barotse Method of com-

memorating any remarkable Event.-Better Treatment of Women. More relig-

ious Feeling.-Belief in a future State, and in the Existence of spiritual Beings.

-Gardens.-Fish, Fruit, and Game.-Proceed to the Limits of the Barotse

Country.-Sekeletu provides Rowers and a Herald.—The River and Vicinity.-

Hippopotamus-hunters.-No healthy Location.-Determine to go to Loanda.-

Buffaloes, Elands, and Lions above Libonta.-Interview with the Mambari.-

Two Arabs from Zanzibar.-Their Opinion of the Portuguese and the English.—

Reach the Town of Ma-Sekeletu.-Joy of the People at the first Visit of their

Chief.-Return to Sesheke.-Heathenism........

Preliminary Arrangements for the Journey.-A Picho.-Twenty-seven Men ap-

pointed to accompany me to the West.-Eagerness of the Makololo for direct

Trade with the Coast.-Effects of Fever.-A Makololo Question.-The lost Jour-

nal.-Reflections.-The Outfit for the Journey.-11th November, 1853, leave Lin-

yanti, and embark on the Chobe.-Dangerous Hippopotami.-Banks of Chobe.-

Trees.-The Course of the River.-The Island Mparia at the Confluence of the

Chobe and the Leeambye.-Anecdote.-Ascend the Leeambye.-A Makalaka

Mother defies the Authority of the Makololo Head Man at Sesheke.—Punishment

of Thieves.-Observance of the new Moon.-Public Addresses at Sesheke.-At-

tention of the People.-Results.-Proceed up the River.—The Fruit which yields

Nux vomica.-Other Fruits.-The Rapids.-Birds.-Fish.-Hippopotami and

their Young......
..Page 247

Increasing Beauty of the Country.-Mode of spending the Day.-The People and

the Falls of Gonye.—A Makolólo Foray.—A second prevented, and Captives de-

livered up.-Politeness and Liberality of the People.—The Rains.—Present of

Oxen.-The fugitive Barotse.-Sekobinyane's Misgovernment.-Bee-eaters and

other Birds.-Fresh-water Sponges.-Current.-Death from a Lion's Bite at

Libonta.-Continued Kindness.-Arrangements for spending the Night during

the Journey.-Cooking and Washing.-Abundance of animal Life.-Different

Species of Birds.-Water-fowl.-Egyptian Geese.-Alligators.-Narrow Escape

of one of my Men.-Superstitious Feelings respecting the Alligator.-Large

Game. The most vulnerable Spot.-Gun Medicine.-A Sunday.-Birds of

Song.-Depravity; its Treatment.-Wild Fruits.-Green Pigeons.-Shoals of

Fish.-Hippopotami.....
265

Message to Masiko, the Barotse Chief, regarding the Captives.-Navigation of the

Leeambye.-Capabilities of this District.-The Leeba.-Flowers and Bees.-

Buffalo-hunt.-Field for a Botanist.-Young Alligators;
their savage Nature.-

Suspicion of the Balonda.-Sekelénke's Present.-A Man and his two Wives.-

Hunters.- Message from Manénko, a female Chief.- -Mambari Traders. - A

Dream.-Sheakóndo and his People.-Teeth-filing.-Desire for Butter.-Inter-

view with Nyamoána, another female Chief.-Court Etiquette.-Hair versus

Wool.-Increase of Superstition.-Arrival of Manenko; her Appearance and

Husband.-Mode of Salutation.-Anklets.-Embassy, with a Present from Ma-

siko. Roast Beef.-Manioc. - Magic Lantern. Manenko an accomplished

Scold: compels us to wait.-Unsuccessful Zebra-hunt...........

Nyamoana's Present.-Charms.-Manenko's pedestrian Powers.-An Idol.-Ba-

londa Arms.-Rain. - Hunger.-Palisades.-Dense Forests.-Artificial Bee-

hives.-Mushrooms.-Villagers lend the Roofs of their Houses.-Divination and

Idols.-Manenko's Whims.-A night Alarm.-Shinte's Messengers and Present.

-The proper Way to approach a Village.-A Merman.-Enter Shinte's Town:

its Appearance.-Meet two half-caste Slave traders.-The Makololo scorn them.

-The Balonda real Negroes.-Grand Reception from Shinte.-His Kotla. -

Ceremony of Introduction.-The Orators. - Women. - Musicians and Musical

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