Drunken ness. could read and write, 65.47 per cent.; had a superior education, 6.16 per cent.(1) The percentage of drunkenness in the total force was as follows :(2)___ Savings. Annual amount of wages. Wages. The amount due by the military savings banks on the 31st March, 1864, was only £292,212, but many soldiers deposit their savings also in the ordinary savings banks. NAVY. THE navy estimates for 1867-68 give the cost of petty officers and seamen, coast guard service and marines as follows:-38,000 petty officers and seamen, £1,244,000; 8,000 boys, £78,000; 4,000 petty officers and seamen (coast guard service), £125,000; 16,000 marines, £400,000 : total, £1,847,000. Victuals and clothing, £1,242,000. Total, £3,089,000. Usually, however, about a third of the force only is engaged in the home stations, and therefore we may take the third of the cost, or £1,000,000, as the amount earned in this country. The wages of petty officers and leading seamen vary according to their classes from £30 8s. 4d. to £100 10s. per annum; those of able, ordinary and second class seamen vary according to their ratings from £16 14s. 7d. to £28 17s. 11d. per annum. Boys, 1st class, £10 12s. 11d.; 2nd class, £9 2s. 6d. There are moreover allowances and gratuities. (1) Report of Council of Military Education, 1866. In 1864-65 the total death rate was 13.9 per 1,000 Health. of mean force; but excluding deaths by violence and drowning, it was 8.6 per 1000. The ratio of death in the home stations was 7.5; in foreign stations it differed from 8.3 on the Mediterranean to 103.8 per 1,000 on the south-east coast of America, in consequence of a great loss of life by the 'Bombay.' Of the total number of deaths, a third was attributable to injuries or drowning. According to a recent return, the state of education Education. in the navy was as follows:-Not able to read, 10∙91 per cent.; not able to write, 15.15 per cent.; read indifferently, 27.92 per cent.; write indifferently, 34:71 per cent.; able to read well, 61.17 per cent.; able to write well, 50-14 per cent. drunken ness. In 1862 the number of petty officers, seamen and Crime and boys, and non-commissioned officers and private marines convicted of crimes and offences was in the following proportion per 1,000 of the force :-Offences of the 2nd degree, theft, 12:39; desertion, 14·16; insubordination, 111.01 of the 3rd degree, drunkenness, 189.93; absence without leave, 746·93; minor offences, 799.07. THIS order includes clergymen, lawyers, physicians, authors, artists, actors, teachers, and scientific persons. CLASS II.-DOMESTIC. ORDER IV.-WOMEN AND CHILDREN. This order includes persons returned only as wives, widows, children, or relatives and scholars, neither of which enter into the present inquiry. ORDER V. PERSONS ENGAGED IN ENTERTAINING AND PER- persons em DOMESTIC SERVANTS. SUB-ORDER 2. Number of THE number employed in attendance and domestic ployed. service, including domestic servants, coachmen, grooms, gardeners, inn servants, housekeepers, housemaids, nurses, laundrymaids, charwomen, and others, was as follows, viz: Wages. 59,600 130,600 559,000 944,000 The money wages of domestic servants are as follows a general servant receives £8 to £14 a year; a kitchen-maid, £10 to £20; a laundry-maid, £12 to £20; a dairy-maid, £13 to £15; a still-room maid, £10 to £18; a housemaid, £8 to £20; a cook, £12 to £60; a housekeeper, £30 to £50; a stewardboy, £7 to £16; a groom, £15 to £20; a coachmar £30 to £50; a footman, £18 to £20dar h £30 to £75; a butler, £50+ to £50; a groom of the chamber, £50 to £60; and a steward, £70 to £150. In the wages of domestic servants, especially among general servants, the wages in Scotland and Ireland range a little lower than in England. The largest number, however, consist of ordinary domestic servants. But to the money wages some additions must be made. In comparing the condition of the domestic servant with that of the artisan or worker in any other occupations, we must remember that, whilst nearly in all of them the workman has to provide himself with food, clothing and lodging, in the domestic service food and lodging are always added, and in many cases clothing also. When board wages are allowed, 12/ to 14/ a week for men, and 8/ to 12/ for women per week, are usually given. If we calculate the value of the articles of food consumed by a domestic servant, as well as the value of the lodging in a furnished house with all the necessary comforts, including fire, light, and washing of body linen and bed linen, 10/ a week at least must be added to the wages, or £26 per annum. Taking the whole number of domestic servants, the wages may be estimated for women and girls at £13 in money, and £22 for food, &c., or £35. per annum in all. The annual amount of earnings of domestic ser- Annual vants may be estimated as follows: amount of earnings. ding to a recent return," the savings banks Savings. ens relating to Depositors in Savings Banks in the United Health, had 257,711 accounts opened with domestic servants, charwomen, nurses and laundresses; the total amount to their credit being £6,907,288, or an average of £27 per head. The Post-Office Savings Banks, also, have a considerable portion belonging to them. The condition of domestic service might seem highly favourable to health, yet the tables of mortality in the Appendix indicate a very different result. |