80 CHILD-CHOPINE. child-A boy or a, iii. 452: see note 78, iii. 452. child o' the time-Be a, "do as others do" (STAUNTON), viii. 301. child Rowland, viii. 72: 66 This term [child], in O.E., denoted a youth, especially one of high birth, before he was advanced to the honour of knighthood." Jamieson's Etym. Dict. of the Scottish Language: In romances and ballads it frequently is equivalent to "knight." child-changed father-This, viii. 104: "That is, changed by his children; a father, whose jarring senses have been untuned by the monstrous ingratitude of his daughters" (MALONE): "i.e. changed to a child by his years and wrongs; or perhaps reduced to this condition by his children" (STEEVENS). childing autumn, teeming, fruitful autumn, ii. 274. children shall have no names-My, My children will be illegitimate, viii. 256. chill, I will (Somersetshire dialect): chill be plain with you, viii. 101. chopine, viii. 350: An enormously high clog, which was worn by the ladies of Spain, Italy, &c. (In Connelly's Span. and Engl. Dict. Madrid, 4to, I find "Chapin . . . A sort of patten with a cork sole," &c.; but none of the Italian Dictionaries in my possession contain the word "cioppino," which, according to Boswell, is in Veneroni's Dict.): The following account of chopines, or, as he calls them, chapineys, is given by Coryat: "There is one thing vsed of the Venetian women, and some others dwelling in the cities and towns subiect to the Signiory of Venice, that is not to be obserued (I thinke) amongst any other women in Christendome : which is so common in Venice, that no woman whatsoeuer goeth without it, either in her house or abroad; a thing made of wood, and couered with leather of sundry colors, some with white, some redde, some yellow. It is called a Chapiney, which they weare vnder their shoes. Many of them are curiously painted; some also I haue seene fairely gilt: so vncomely a thing (in my opinion) that it is pitty this foolish custom is not cleane banished and exterminated out of the citie. There are many of these Chapineys of a great heigth, euen half a yard high, which maketh many of their women that are very short seeme much taller than the tallest women we haue in England. Also I haue heard that this is obserued amongst them, that by how much the nobler a woman is, by so much the higher are her Chapineys. All their gentlewomen, and most of their wiues and widowes that are of any wealth, are assisted and supported eyther by men or women when they walke abroad, to the end they may not fall. They are borne vp most commonly by the left arme, otherwise they might quickly take a fall. For I saw a woman fall a very dangerous fall, as she was going down the staires of one of the little stony bridges with her high Chapineys alone by CHOLER-CHRISTOM. 81 herselfe but I did nothing pitty her, because shee wore such friuolous and (as I may truely terme them) ridiculous instruments, which were the occasion of her fall. For both I myselfe, and many other strangers (as I haue obserued in Venice) haue often laughed at them for their vaine Chapineys." Crudities, &c. (reprinted from ed. 1611), vol. ii. p. 36: "The choppine or some kind of high shoe was occasionally used in England. Bulwer in his Artificial Changeling, p. 550, complains of this fashion as a monstrous affectation, and says that his country women therein imitated the Venetian and Persian ladies," &c. (DOUCE). choler-It [i.e. the meat "burnt and dried away"] engenders, iii. 160; Lest it make you choleric, ii. 20: Our ancestors fancied that overroasted or dried-up meat induced choler. choler, my lord, if rightly taken. . . . . No, if rightly taken, halter, iv. 240: "The reader who would enter into the spirit of this repartee, must recollect the similarity of sound between collar and choler" (STEEVENS). chopping French-The, iv. 186: "Chopping means changing; ... in this sense the Duchess of York may apply the word to the French expression of Pardonnez moi, which gives a directly opposite meaning to the English word pardon, in the way she wishes the king to speak it" (PYE): "The Duchess calls the language 'the chopping French' on account of the convertibility of such terms as pardonnez moi, which, apparently consenting, mean the very reverse" (COLLIER). choris, chorus (for the sake of a rhyme), ix. 168. chough, i. 227; vii. 426; choughs, ii. 291; iii. 266, 483; vii. 254; viii. 93: Yarrell observes that in the description of Dover cliff,"The crows and choughs that wing the midway air," &c.—" possibly Shakespeare meant Jackdaws, for in the Midsummer-Night's Dream he speaks of russet-pated (grey-headed) Choughs, which term is applicable to the Jackdaw, but not to the real Chough." Hist. of Brit. Birds, vol. ii. p. 58, sec. ed. christendom, christianity: By my christendom, iv. 58. christendoms, That blinking Cupid gossips-A world Of pretty, fond-adoptious, "A number of pretty, fond, adopted appellations, or Christian names, to which blind Cupid stands godfather" (Nares's Gloss.), iii. 204. christom child, iv. 441: the Hostess means chrisom child: On the line in The Doubtful Heir, "You shall be as secure as chrisom children," Gifford remarks, "Johnson says chrisom children are those that die within the month. It may be so; but our old writers apply the expression to a child just cristened." Shirley's Works, vol. iv. p. VOL. X. F 82 CHUCK-CIRCE. 298: Nares (in his Gloss.) quotes what follows from Blount's Glossography: "Chrisome (a xplw [to anoint—with the holy oil formerly used in baptism]) signifies properly the white cloth which is set by the minister of baptism upon the head of a child newly anointed with chrism after his baptism: now it is vulgarly taken for the white cloth put about or upon a child newly christened, in token of his baptism; wherewith the women use to shroud the child, if dying within the month; otherwise it is usually brought to church at the day of purification. Chrisoms, in the bills of mortality, are such children as die within the month of birth, because during that time they use to wear the chrisom-cloth." (In the first edition of Blount's work, 1656, I do not find the concluding sentence of the above quotation.) chuck, a chicken,-a term of endearment, ii. 221; iii. 367 ; iv. 452 ; vii. 247; viii. 202, 217, 338; chucks, ii. 246. chuffs-Fat, iv. 227: "Chuff is always used in a bad sense, and means a coarse unmannered clown, at once sordid and wealthy." Gifford's note on Massinger's Works, vol. i. p. 281, ed. 1813. (In A Gorgious Gallery of Gallant Inventions, &c., 1578, we have "The wealthy chuffe, for all his wealth, and in Marlowe's Ovid's Elegies, "Chuff-like, had I not gold, and could not use it?" p. 150, reprint. Book iii. 7 (where the original has "dives avarus"),— Works, p. 343, ed. Dyce, 1858). cicatrice, a mark: The cicatrice and capable impressure, iii. 62. Ciceter, Cirencester, iv. 194. cide, to decide, ix. 355. cinders of the element—The, iv. 376: "A ludicrous term for the stars" (STEEVENS). cinque-pace, a dance, the steps of which were regulated by the number five, ii. 86, 87: Nares in his Gloss, confounds it with the galliard. Circe's сир- —I think you all have drunk of, ii. 63: "The Duke means to say, I think you all are out of your senses; so below, 'I think you are all mated or stark mad.' Circe's potion, however, though it transformed the companions of Ulysses into swine, and deprived them of speech, did not, it should seem, deprive them of their reason; for Homer tells us that they lamented their transformation. However, the Duke's words are sufficiently intelligible, if we consider them as meaning-Methinks you all are become as irrational as beasts" (MALONE): But Malone forgets Virgil; who evidently meant us to understand that those whom Circe had transformed were "deprived of reason;" CIRCLE-CIVIL. "Hinc exaudiri gemitus iræque leonum, Vincla recusantum, et sera sub nocte rudentum ; 83 Sævire, ac formæ magnorum ululare luporum." En. vii. 15. Compare also Greene's Neuer too late; "Resembling those Grecians, that, with Vlysses, drinking of Circes drugges, lost both forme and memorie." Sig. G 4 verso, ed. 1611. circle, a diadem: The circle of my glory, iv. 77; The circle of the Ptolemies, viii. 325. circuit, a circle, a diadem: the golden circuit on my head, v. 160. circummur'd, walled round, i. 519. circumstance, detail: it must, with circumstance ("with the addition of such incidental particulars as may induce belief," JOHNSON) be spoken, i. 328; With circumstance and oaths, ii. 54; To wind about my love with circumstance, ii. 342; Cuts off more circumstance, iv. 17; By circumstance, but to acquit myself, v. 343; Who, in his circumstance ("in the detail or circumduction of his argument," JOHNSON), vi. 69; without more circumstance at all, vii. 329; a bombast circumstance, viii. 132. circumstance, I fear you'll prove—So, by your, i. 282: "Circumstance is used equivocally. It here means conduct; in the preceding line, circumstantial deduction" (MALONE). circumstanc'd—I must be, I must submit to circumstances, viii. 206. cital, a recital, an account, iv. 288 (explained by Pope "taxation"). cite, to incite, to urge: 1 need not cite him to it, i. 305; cited so by them, v. 171; it cites us, brother, to the field, v. 247. citizen-How Edward put to death a, v. 403: "The person was one Walker, a substantial citizen and grocer at the Crown in Cheapside. Echard's History of England, vol. i. p. 519" (GREY). citizen, "having the qualities of a citizen" (Johnson's Dict.), "townbred, delicate" (Nares's Gloss.): But not so citizen a wanton, viii. 462. cittern-head-A, ii. 244: An allusion to the grotesque carved heads with which citterns were usually ornamented. civil, sober, grave, decent, solemn: sad and civil, iii. 363 (where civil has been explained "tart, sour, bitter,"-very erroneously); by a civil peace maintain'd, iv. 363; civil citizens, iv. 424; civil night, vi. 431; Montano, you were wont be civil, viii. 174; my sober guards and civil fears, ix. 424. civil, count,—civil as an orange, ii. 93: A “civil (not a Seville) orange was the usual orthography of the time: "Aigre-douce, A civile Orange." "A ciuill Orange. . . . Aigre-douce." Cotgrave's Fr. and Engl. Dict. 84 CLACK-DISH—CLEFT. clack-dish, i. 513: or clap-dish, a wooden dish, or box, carried by : beggars it had a movable cover, which they clacked to attract notice; and in it they received the alms. clamour your tongues, iii. 470: see note 110, iii. 470: The attempts to explain this by referring it to bell-ringing (vide notes in the Var. Shakespeare and Nares's Gloss. in v.) ought, I think, to have ceased long ago. clap thyself my love, iii. 408: "She opened her hand, to clap the palm of it into his, as people do when they confirm a bargain" (STEEVENS): It was common to plight mutual troth by clapping the hands together: see close your hands, &c. clapped the clout, iv. 353: see clout. claw, to flatter: claw no man in his humour, ii. 83; claws him with a talent, ii. 200. clean, quite, entirely clean through the bounds of Asia, ii. 9; disfigured clean, iv. 143; clean past your youth, iv. 316; renouncing clean the faith, v. 488; This is clean kam (see kam), vi. 204; Clean from the purpose of the things themselves, vii. 120; clean starvèd, ix. 369. cleanly, dexterously, cleverly: And borne her cleanly by the keeper's nose, vi. 297; cleanly-coin'd excuses, ix. 304. clear, pure, innocent, free from evil: a clear life ensuing, i. 250; you clear heavens ("may mean either ye cloudless skies or ye deities exempt from guilt,” STEEVENS), vii. 65 ; in that clear way thou goest, ix. 81; for the sake of clear virginity, ix. 112; In his clear bed might have reposèd still, ix. 283; the clearest gods, viii. 96. clear-stories, iii. 380: A clear-story is a term in Gothic architecture for an upper story or row of windows in a church, hall, &c., and rising clear above the adjoining parts of the building: "This term seems to have been used in a variety of ways for any method of admitting light into the upper parts of a building. It appears from Holme that clearstory windows are those which have 'no transum or cross piece in the middle of them, to break the same into two lights,' the meaning employed by Shakespeare,” &c. (HALLIWELL.) clearness-Always thought That I require a, "i.e. you must manage matters so, that throughout the whole transaction I may stand clear of suspicion" (STEEVENS), vii, 244. cleave to, to unite with closely: Thy thoughts I cleave to, i. 259; cleave to no revenge but Lucius, vi. 356; cleave not to their mould, vii. 214; If you shall cleave to my consent, vii, 227 (a very obscure passage). cleft the root, cleft the root of her heart (an allusion to cleaving the |