Next let us take the conjugation of the verb break, making use of Auxiliaries. To bring out, where possible, the distinction between Indicative and Subjunctive forms, the Third Person Singular of each Tense is given, he or it being understood as a subject. I. QUESTIONS. Give the Past Tense and Past Participle of the following Strong Verbs: arise, beat, begin, bite, break, burst, climb, cling, come, do, drive, fall, fight, find, fling, freeze, give, go, grave, grind, heave, help, hold, know, melt, ride, rise, run, see, shave, shoot, sing, sink, speak, spin, spring, stand, steal, sting, stink, strike, swim, swing, take, wind, write. 2. Give the same forms of the following Weak Verbs:-bring, build, burn, buy, cost, creep, cut, deal, dwell, feed, feel, gild, hit, hurt, keep, knit, lead, leap, let, lose, mean, meet, put, rap, rid, rot, say, sell, send, set, shed, shred, shut, sleep, slit, smell, spell, spend, spill, spit, split, spread, sweat, sweep, teach, tell, think, thrust, wend, wet, whet. 3. Give the Present Participle and Past Participle of the Verbs to which the following Preterites belong:-saw, sawed, sewed, sued, sat, set, sod, sold, fell, felled, laid, lay, raised, rose, rang. 4. Show from forms still in use that melt, mow, swell, shear, were once of the strong conjugation. Write the Past Participles of shoe, light, work, knit, speed. 5. Give the Past Tense and Past Participle of each of the following verbs:-fall, fell, hoe, sing, knot, ride, know, jump, go, tear, bear, steal, sit, sling, wring. 6. Give in two columns the 1st person singular of the Present and of the Past Tense Indicative of the verbs to which the following participles belong:-flown, lain, eaten, forsaken, set, clad, shown. Write the Present Participles of die, dye, lie, forget, credit, acquit, sever, differ, infer, stop, hope, worship, marvel, singe, grieve. 8. Give in two columns the 1st person singular of the Present Indicative and the Past Participle of the verbs to which the following Past Tenses belong:-chose, swore, lay, cast, sprang, awoke, grew, hid. 9. Distinguish the forms of -ing in these sentences:-'I saw him riding yesterday.' 'This is my riding-horse.' 'Riding is pleasanter than walking.' 'The riding of the cavalry was excellent.' 'He is riding his cob.' 'He keeps his health by riding regularly.' 'Riding in the Row, I met the duke.' 'This curb is no good for riding.' 'He goes to the riding school.' 'I like riding.' 'I am very fond of riding.' 'He is gone a-riding.' [In the last example, the a is a corruption of the preposition on.] 10. Distinguish by its appropriate name each of the following forms in -ing: (a) 'Writing yesterday he mentioned the matter to me.' (b) 'The writing of impositions sometimes spoils a good hand.' (c) Writing impositions sometimes spoils a good hand.' (d) Lend me your writing-desk.' II. Parse the words in -ing in the sentence, 'Darkling we went singing on our way, with our walking-sticks in our hands, weary of toiling in town.' [Darkling is an adverb signifying 'in the dark,' formed from the adjective by the suffix -ling. Compare -long in headlong and the German -lings, e.g. köpflings.] 12. Write three sentences, each of them containing the word hunting. Use hunting in (1) as a verbal noun, in (2) as a participle, in (3) as a gerund. 13. What is the origin of the form of expression, 'A house to let'? 14. Write short notes explaining the use of the words in italics: (1) The rose...would smell as sweet.' (2) 'Better dwell in the midst of alarms.' [On (1) see § 148 and for sweet § 194 (c). (2) Dwell is the infinitive to dwell used as subject of is understood: 'To dwell in the midst of alarms is better than to reign in this horrible place.' The omission of to before the infinitive as subject of a verb was not uncommon formerly.] 15. Draw up a scheme of tenses of the indicative mood of the verb to go. 16. Give illustrations of the use of the present indefinite tense to express (a) past action in graphic narrative, (6) habitual action, (c) future action. 17. In the expressions (1) 'I had to go,' (2) 'I had rather go,' by what mood is had followed, and why? 18. Give four verbs which have only one form for present tense, past tense, and past participle; also four which have two forms; and four in which all these three parts are different in form. 19. How do you distinguish between transitive and intransitive verbs? To which of these classes does the verb in the following sentence belong?-'Not a drum was heard.' What are the transitive verbs corresponding to fall, lie, sit, rise? 20. Is any alteration necessary in the following sentence?—' Stand the gun in the corner.' [If stand can be used transitively, signifying ‘make or cause to stand,' the sentence is right. We do use it in this way in conversation, but in the more formal literary language, the transitive set or place would be employed.] 21. What class of verbs may be put into the passive voice? Change the verbs in the following sentence into the passive voice: 'The Persians attacked the Greeks again, but they did not make any impression on the little army.' How have the subjects and objects been affected by the change? 22. Distinguish clearly between the meaning of 'It is destroyed,' 'Ile is deceived,' on the one hand, and that of ‘It is fallen,' 'He is risen,' on the other. [See § 146.] 23. What does the infinitive mood express? Parse fully the verbs in the following: 24. sed. 'It is laughable to see beginners play.' State the various ways in which the infinitive mood may be Give illustrative sentences. 25. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 'The lion, having laid down, roared loud.' 'As he lay down the weight, it slipped and has broke his arm.'. 'Thou dashest him to earth-there let him lay.' 'I would not like to say that the pistol laid yesterday as it lies now.' Will you lose that knot for me?' 'Will you allow my brother and I to finish what we have began ? 'I had wrote to him the day before.' 'It was sang at the Philharmonic last year.' Comment on any grammatical peculiarity in the lines 'And while his harp responsive rung, 'Twas thus the latest minstrel sung.' 'The sun had rose and gone to bed Just as if Partridge were not dead.' 26. Name the several moods of a verb, and show, with examples, how each mood answers to its name. 27. Is any alteration required in the following sentence?—' He says he isn't going to go for it.' [There is nothing formally wrong in saying 'going to go,' but the use of 'going,' in the sense of 'about,' to signify an action on the point of commencement, is avoided with the verb 'go' itself, though its employment might be defended more logically in this context than in such expressions as 'to be going to sit still,' 'to be going to stay here,' for if we continue to 'sit' and to 'stay,' we do not 'go' at all, and in saying that we do there is a contradiction in terms.] |