OF

MINERALOGY,

INCLUDING

OBSERVATIONS ON MINES, ROCKS,

REDUCTION OF ORES,

AND THE

APPLICATIONS OF THE SCIENCE TO THE ARTS,

WITH 260 ILLUSTRATIONS,

DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

BY, JAMES D. DANA, A. M.,

Member of the Soc. Cæs. Nat. Cur. of Moscow, the Soc. Philomathique et Paris,
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences at Boston, etc.;
Author of a "System of Mineralogy."

GR H

"NEW HAVEN:

H. H. PECK.

1869.

KE 11118

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by 3 DURRIE & PECK,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Connecticut.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

In the preparation of this Manual, the author has endeavored to meet a demand often urged, by making it, as far as possible, practical and American in character.

Prominence has been given to the more common species, while others are but briefly noticed in smaller type, or are mentioned only by name. The uses of minerals and their modes of application in the arts have been especially dwelt upon. The value of ores in mining, their modes of reduction, the yield of mines in different countries, and the various applications of the metals, have been described as minutely as was consistent with the extent of the work. The various rocks are in like manner included.

At the same time, the subject has been presented with all the strictness of a scientific system. The classification adopted throws together ores of the same metal, and associates the earthy species as far as possible in natural groups. This order is preferred by very many teachers of the science, and has advantages which for man. purposes counterbalance those of a more perfectly natural system The account of the ores of each metal is preceded by a brief state ment of their distinctive characters; and after the descriptions, there follow general remarks on mines, metallurgical processes, and other useful information.

As the rarer mineral species are not altogether excluded, but are briefly mentioned each in its proper place in the system, the student, should he meet with them, will be guided by the Manual to some knowledge of their general characters, and aided in arranging them 'n his cabinet.