OF MINERALOGY, INCLUDING OBSERVATIONS ON MINES, ROCKS, REDUCTION OF ORES, AND THE APPLICATIONS OF THE SCIENCE TO THE ARTS, WITH 260 ILLUSTRATIONS. DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. BY JAMES D. DANA, A. M., Member of the Soc. Cæs. Nat. Cur. of Moscow, the Soc. Philomathique et Paris, NEW EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED. LONDON: TRÜBNER & CO., 60 PATERNOSTER ROW. 1863. BIBLIOTHEQUE DE UNIVERSITÉ: DE GAND PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. In the preparation of this Manual, the author has endeavored to meet a demand often urged, by making it, as far as possible, practical and American in character. Prominence has been given to the more common species, while others are but briefly noticed in smaller type, or are mentioned only by name. The uses of minerals and their modes of application in the arts have been especially dwelt upon. The value of ores in mining, their modes of reduction, the yield of mines in different countries, and the various applications of the metals, have been described as minutely as was consistent with the extent of the work. The various rocks are in like manner included. At the same time, the subject has been presented with all the strictness of a scientific system. The classification adopted throws together ores of the same metal, and associates the earthy species as far as possible in natural groups. This order is preferred by very many teachers of the science, and has advantages which for many purposes counterbalance those of a more perfectly natural system. The account of the ores of each metal is preceded by a brief statement of their distinctive characters; and after the descriptions, there follow general remarks on mines, metallurgical processes, and other useful information. As the rarer mineral species are not altogether excluded, but are briefly mentioned each in its proper place in the system, the student, should he meet with them, will be guided by the Manual to some knowledge of their general characters, and aided in arranging them in hiş cabinet. The list of American localities appended to the work, the descriptions of mineralogical implements, and the notice of foreign weights, measures and coins, will be found convenient to the student. The author must refer to his larger work for more minute information on the localities of minerals and the associations of speciesfor full lists of synonyms-a more complete account of crystalography and its details, and more numerous analyses, with their authorities. PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION. IN bringing this Manual up to the present state of the science, numerous changes and additions have been required. The arrangement, however, remains unaltered, except in the order of some of the metals. The Table of American localities has been nearly doubled in length, giving it the completeness it has in the author's "Treatise on Mineralogy." A chapter has also been added on the chemical composition and formulas of minerals, in which the subject is explained with simple illustrations, and a list of the more prominent species with their chemical formulas is given, following the order of the descriptive part of the work. NEW HAVEN, 1857. |