ted; but it is only fixing in the goads again, and they proceed as well as ever. This coal is very difficult to kindle, and fervants not acquainted with its natural properties, are not able to light it at all. It is fo delicate as not to fuffer the bellows or the poker: if you offer to ftir it or blow at any time of the day, you are fure to put it out. The making chefe fires is a kind of mystery and ftudy; the whole art of which confifts in well piling the coals in the grate, the fresh broken grain inwards, and very clofe together, leaving a hollow in the middle for charcoal, and a chafm for the introduction of matches, or a lighted candle. When you have waited, fometimes an hour and half, or two hours, your patience is fufficiently repaid, by the fudden eruption of the brightest and most agreeable fire that can well be conceived, and your fireplace, which a few minutes before is all gloomy and difmal, is fuddenly illuminated with one refulgent globe of fire, the coals being all red-hot through, and continue fo without being mended or flurred for eight or nine hours fucceffively, exhibiting a luftre of heat ten times more intenfe than any coal we have here in England. It is the most valuable fuel for the kitchen of any extant in the known world, giving meat roafted by it a tafte and flavour beyond conception. As I had a confiderable poft in the army, and was cantoned in that country, on my changing quarters into another, I thought all the meat I met eat fodden; and was at least a month or fix weeks piring after the roast beef of my old quarters; and I regret to this day the want of fuch coal in the city of London. And it is, with all its other good qualitics, the cleaneft and neateft, it not making the leaft litter or dirt; the cinders are thrown by, which makes a fuel either for the poor, or they make a ve. ty valuable culm for the burning of lime, which they fell for two fhillings a barrel. What relief would this coal be Y to those who live in the neighbourhood of furnaces, brewhouses, fmelting-hou+ fes, and fire-engines, their climate me liorated, and no fmoke? I cannot but wonder, that amongst so many people of condition who have travelled into thofe parts, none have obferved the fignal virtues of this Irish coal, which may be the faving the lives of many thousands of children and others. But if this Irifh coal cannot be obtained, why should not the ftone coal out of Nottinghamfhire and Wales be brought to London? Stone coal in general makes lefs fmoke. Why should not all flack be prohibited? which is only the refufe and dirt of the mines, extorting from the public large fums, cheating them, and felling them dirt inftead of coal. This Irish coal lies not far from the river of Waterford, one of the finest rivers in Europe; and fhips of 100 guns can fail into it. What a fine nursery for feamen!——1 àm, &c. Accounts of earthquakes, and of the agitation of the waters, continued. [xvii. 594 ] From the captain of the Nancy, St Lucar, Nov. 3. I arrived here the tft inftant. Yefterday we had a very uncommon tide, and with it, I am fure, an earthquake: for juft before the tide came in, it fhook our fhip fo violently, that I thought he had ftruck the ground; but after heaving the lead overboard, I found to the contrary. The water rofe upwards of thirty feet in about two minutes. Most of the veffels drove, and I in company with them. I let go another anchor, and it fairly fwam on the water. Milan, Dec. 9. The earthquake which was felt here Nov. 1. was followed by another on the 9th. The water of the canal which furrounds the town was greatly agitated; the walls of the univerfity of Breva were terribly shaken, and a rent made in the ftudents hall. Switzerland. Several fhocks were felt in many parts of this country from Dec. 1. to 15. In the borough of Brique moft of the houfes were thrown down, and half the fleeple of the great church; the Jefuits and nuns, as well as other inhabitants, retired to the field: and during the fhocks the earth opened in many places, and threw out great quantities of F 2 water, water, which appeared agitated as if boiling over a fire. Montpelier. The earthquake which they had Dec. 9. in Switzerland, was alfo felt in many parts of Languedoc. The river Etrien, in the Vivarais, has washed away half the town of Beauchatel, with the church and churchyard; and the other half is destroyed by the waters from the mountains. A hill covered with vines and olives at the end of this village, in the night between Dec. 1. and 2. fell into the great road, which is thereby quite ftopped up. Near the fame fpot we used to fee vaft precipices, and fome ridges of rocks, that were covered with water, which have difappeared, and next day stood in their place a plain with vines and olives, planted with the exacteft regularity. Germany. An earthquake was felt, Dec. 9. and 11. in almost every province of this vaft empire, and elfewhere. It was felt from west to east, from the Rhine to the Lech; and from north to fouth, from Ingolstadt, Donawerth, Nuremberg, Cronstadt, and Stutgard, to Luferne, Geneva, Lyons, Avignon, and Montpelier. At Lyons, the caftle of Greillon, fituate at the foot of Pierreen-Cice, funk eight feet. At Toplitz, the water of the bath firft turned thick, and then became as red as blood; but after a fhort interval returned to its colour, and flowed with much greater rapidity than before. Berlin, Jan. 5. We have accounts from Poland, that, in the beginning of laft month, fuch storms of wind have arilen in the falt-pits in feveral parts of that kingdom, that fome hundreds of the labourers, and great part of the fubteraneous works, are deftroyed; by which the falt, to a very confiderable value, has been difperfed and fpoiled. From other parts of that kingdom, alfo, we have accounts of fprings and fires which have broke loole in thofe fubterraneous caverns, whereby fome pits are entirely destroyed, and others remain A burning. Erjurd, Jan. 24. During a form of wine which happened in the evening of the 13th inflant, an extraordinary aper ture was obferved to have formed itself in the earth, refembling the mouth of a regular dug well. It was at first about three ells in diameter, and has ever fince been gradually increafing, fo that it is t now upwards of twenty ells in diameter, and continues perceptibly to increase daily. A plumb-line 276 ells long has it been let down this hole, in order to difcover its depth; but without fuccess, no bottom having as yet been found; at the fame length alfo the line appeared to have been 200 ells under water. A conftant rumbling noife, like diftant thunder, or the roaring of waters, is alfo heard on approaching this extraordinary opening. A boor's fervant having inadvertently been lost therein, the inhabitants, however curious, are very cautious in approaching the edges of this gulf. Lisbon, Dec. 15. We had on the 11th inftant, about a quarter before five in the morning, the greateft fhock that has been felt fince the 1ft of November. It was very fenfible over the whole city and fuburbs, and fo violent, as to throw down the tower of the King's chapel, fome churches, and several houfes which had been already much fhattered. This has greatly alarmed the people, who have fufficient reafon to apprehend, from thefe continued tremors, that the matter which caufed the earthquake is not yet spent. Gibraltar, Nov. 29. In the part of Barbary near this place, they have fuffered as much, if not more than in Portugal; and they write from Tetuan, that the earthquake began at the fame hour it did here [Nov. 1.], and continued feven or eight minutes, during which time they had three violent fhocks, and expected every moment the city would fall to the ground; but they did no farther damage than the opening of feveral walls: and it was obferved, that the river of that place appeared as red as blood.At Tangier it began at the fame hour, fhaking the ground, walls, houfes, and mofques, in a very terrible manner; and a great pile of ancient building near the gate of the town, after two or three movements, tumbled down. and Amfterdam, Jan. 6. Advice is received from St Euftatia, that the general earthquake of Nov. 1. has occafioned very confiderable damages in the Leeward iflands, which were furprised with the fudden shock and inundation of the water, by which feveral veffels were loft, plantations deftroyed, and numbers of the inhabitants drowned. From an officer on board the Warwick man of war, Barbadoes, Dec. 6. From many of the islands we are informed of a very furprising motion of the fea the 1ft of November, much at the fame time amongst them all. The fea, twice in fome iflands, and thrice in others, rofe from eight to twelve feet perpendicular, and fuddenly retired as much below its ufual height. In fome places, where the plantations were near the fea, on low grounds, much damage was done, by drowning and washing away houses, cattle, &c. We were then in fight of Antigua, had little wind, variable, with heavy rain, thunder, and lightning. and killed feveral people. The water fect (about 4000 in number) perifhed, flowed over the town-walls, (a thing ne- except feven or eight. They also felt ver feen before), leaving behind it, at this shock at Tangier, at which place its return, a vast quantity of fish and the wells and fountains became dry, and fand; and in like manner it continued continued fo twenty-four hours. to rife and fall about eighteen times in the space of eight hours.At Sallee it did vaft damage, numbers of houfes having tumbled down; and the sea flow ed into the heart of the city, and drowned several of the inhabitants, leaving at its return a great quantity of fand and fish in the street, as it did at Tangier. There were feveral boats full of people fishing at the fame time, who were all fwallowed up by the fea, and never feen afterwards; and also a number of people and camels juft fetting out for Morocco perished in the fame manner.- -At Fez a vaft number of people were killed, and the greatest part of that large city deftroyed; and at fome distance from it a prodigious large mountain opened in the middle, out of which issued a river as red as blood.At Morocco a vaft number of houfes were deftroyed, and a great many people buried in the ruins. Without this city there was a place which contained about 400 huts, or little fhops, the people of which were called the children of Befumba, and 'tis faid they amounted at least to 10,000 fouls, who, with a large number of horses, camels, and other cattle, were entirely fwallowed up by the earth, which immediately after clofed, and not a fingle foul efcaped.—These were the first advices we had from Barbary, which you may depend upon to be genuine, having had them from undoubted authority; but they write from Tetuan of the 24th inftant, that there had arrived that day an exprefs from Fez, which brought an account of another earthquake, which began the 18th at night, and continued till the 19th in the morning, infinitely more violent and terrible than the former; inLumerable houses fell to the ground, and nambers of people were deftroyed in the rains.At Mequinez it was much more dreadful, fcarcely leaving a fingle houfe ftanding; and that part of the city where the Jews refided was entirely fwallowed up, and all the people of that Bofton, Dec. 1. By the late earthquake many excellent fprings of water are dried up, or their courfe altered, and new ones opened in other places. In many parts of the country eruptions appear, from whence a fine fand and water continue to iffue out. At Newington, in New Hampshire, it is faid there was an eruption near the meeting-house, fixty roods long, and two feet wide. London, Jan. 29. A few days fince, a fish-pool at Chadfley in Worcesterfhire, belonging to Mr John Highway, which was full of water over night, was the next morning found quite empty, with all the fish dead; and no conveyance appeared by which the water was drawn off. Birmingham Gazette. On the 1st of January, the river Frood, near Pont-y-Pool in Monmouthfhire, funk by the fall of a rock into the earth, and is loft, not having yet been difcovered to have broke out any where again, though it may be heard to run above ten yards under ground. Glou- fent thither to destroy him, and thought cefler Journal. Edinburgh, Jan. 6. On Wednesday laft, betwixt one and two o'clock in the morning, a fmall fhock of an earthquake was felt at Greenock, and feveral places in that neighbourhood, as well as at Dumbarton, Inchinnan, and Glafgow. From Kilmacolm parish, about ten miles weft of Glasgow, Jan. 1. Yesterday about one o'clock in the morning, being awake in bed, I felt about feven or eight fhocks of an earthquake, all fucceeding one another. The whole fhocks were over in the fpace of half a minute. The fecond fhock was the greateft; and fo violent, that it fairly lifted me off the bed, jolted me to the head of it, and in a moment down again to where I lay before. I believe three or four fuch fhocks would have laid this houfe, though a very flrong one, in ruins. The fecond fhock juftled a large cheft with fuch violence along the fide of a wall in another room, that it awakened a gentleman who was fleeping there. Edinburgh Cou rant. proper to effect it by ftratagem. The head was expofed at Constantinople for but a fhort time, on account of his being ajanifary.The garrison of Belgrade perfift obftinately in their revolt, and it feems will not be reduced otherwise than by force. They made fresh attempts to render themfelves matters of the caille to which the Bafhaw had retired; but were repulfed with fo much lofs, that it was believed they would hardly return to the charge. In the mean time the Bafhaws of Bofnia and Widdin were on their march with a confiderable body of troops, in order to attack them if they did not return to their duty. There al fo appear ftrong indications of a revolt in the provinces adjacent to Belgrade, where several Turkish officers of diftinction have lately been ftrangled. They write from VIENNA, that their Imperial Majelties fent 300,000 florins for the relief of the diftreffed inhabitants of Lisbon. It has been affured, and feems to be confirmed by advices from many diffeBy the accounts hitherto received, it rent places, France itself not excepted, appears, that the earthquakes have con- that a treaty between G. Britain and his tinued for the pace of fixty-one days, PRUSSIAN Majefty was figned the 16th that is, from the ft of November to the of January. It is faid to contain the 31ft of last month inclufive: in which following articles, 1. The treaty of space of time they have been felt with Weltminiter, by which the houfe of more or lefs violence, from the eastern Brandenburg guarantied the fucceffion fhores of the Atlantic ocean to the heart of the houfe of Hanover to the throne of Germany, and from the frozen clime of G. Britain, is renewed and confirmof Iceland almoft to the tropic of Can-ed by this treaty, as well as all the treacer; taking a range of about 40co miles from weit to eaft, and above 2000 from fouth to north. Gen. Erv. Poft, Jan. 15. ties concluded fince. 2. The King of G. Britain renounces all his rights and pretenfions to Eaft Friefland, in favour of the King of Pruffia. 3. His Prufian Majefty engages to pay off the refidue of the Silefia loan, referving only the fum due to his fubjects for fome fhips of theirs taken during the laft war; which fome advices have specified at 20,000l. Sterling. 4. He engages to enter into the views of the King of G. Britain, for maintaining the peace of the empire, and oppoling the entrance of any foreign troops into it. 5. His Pruffian Majefly takes upon him the guaranty of the houfe of Hanover; and his Britannic Majefly, on his fide, renews, in the fulleft fullest manner, his particular guaranty of the dominions which his Pruffian Ma. ay acquired by the ceffion of Silefia. We have been told, that, in confequence of this treaty, the Pruffian monarch is augmenting his forces with 20,000 men. M. Michell arrived at London fome time ago, charged with the management of his affairs at that court. It is thought, that the negotiations between the Emprefs-Queen and his Majelty of Pruffia, which have been fo long on the tapis, will foon be brought to a conclufion. They write from HANOVER, that recraits are raising throughout all the cities and towns of his Britannic Majefty's German dominions, with great diligence and fuccefs. We were told lately, that the miniAtry of London had contracted for the transporting of 9000 HESSIAN troops from Holland to G. Britain. On the 21ft of December M. Rouille, fecretary to the court of FRANCE for foreign affairs, wrote the following letter to Mr Fox, fecretary of ftate to his Britannic Majefty. SIR, T is by order of the King my mafter IT that I have the honour of fending to your Excellency the memorial which I herein inclose, &c. IT is not the King's fault that the differences concerning America have not been terminated by conciliatory methods; and this his Majefty is able to demonftrate to the whole world by authentic proofs. The King, ever animated with the moft fincere defire to maintain the public repofe, and the beft understanding with his Britannic Majefty, has carried on, with the falleft good faith and conEdence, the negotiation relative to this onject. The affurances which the King of G. Britain and his minifters inceffantly renewed, verbally and in writing, were fo formal and to precife, in regard to the i pacific difpofitions of his Britannic Majefty, that the King would have fcrupled to harbour the least doubt concerning the uprightness of the intentions of the court of London. It is fcarce poffible to conceive how thefe affurances could be reconciled with the offenfive orders given in November 1754 to Gen. Braddock, and in April 1755 to Adm. Bofcawen. The attacking, in the month of July laft, and the taking of two of the King's fhips on the high feas, and without a declaration of war, were a public infult on his Majefty's flag; and he would have fhewn immediately all the juft refentment which an attempt fo irregular and fo violent kindled in him, could he have believed that Adm. Bofcawen acted only in confequence of orders from his court. The fame motive did, at first, fufpend the King's judgment concerning the piracies which, for fome months paft, the English commit again the navigation and commerce of his Majefty's fubjects, in contempt of the law of nations, the faith of treaties, the ufages established among civilized nations, and the regard they owe to each other. The King had room to expect from the fentiments of his Britannic Majefty, that, upon his return to London, he would difavow the conduct of his board of admiralty and of his fea officers, and that he would give his Majesty a fatiffaction adequate to the injury and the damage. But the King feeing that the King of England, very far from punishing the piracies of the English marine, does, on the contrary, encourage them, by demanding of his fubjects new fupplies against France; his Majefty would be wanting in what he owes to his own glory, the dignity of his crown, and the defence of his people, if he delayed any longer to demand of the King of G. Britain a fignal reparation for the outrage committed on the French flag, and for the damage done to the King's fubjects. His Majesty therefore thinks he muft addrefs himfelf directly to his Britannic Majefty, and demand of him the speedy and full reftitution of all the French fhips, both men of war and merchantmen, which, against the laws, and againft all decorum and decency, have been |