When they met me on the street, they brought me home in their automobile. Or the participle may be placed in clear grammatical relation with the rest of the sentence; as, Meeting me on the street, they brought me home in their automobile. EXERCISE 12 Parse every noun in the following sentences: Mile is a common noun; singular number, neuter gender, and in the objective case, the adverbial object of the verb walked. 1. The sun was setting upon one of the rich glades of the forest. 2. Sandals, bound with thongs made of boar's hide, protected his feet. 3. Gurth, the son of Beowulph, is the born thrall of Cedric of Rotherwood. 4. Is there in this neighborhood any good man, who for the love of God, and Mother Church, will give her servants a night's hospitality? 5. Hugo, stir him with the butt-end of thy lance. 6. The knight looked daggers at the antagonist before him. 7. As it chanced, saddle, horse, and man rolled on the ground in a cloud of dust. 8. And Simon's wife's sister lay sick of a fever. 9. Barnum and Bailey's show travels fifty miles daily. 10. They appointed James umpire and Henry referee. 11. During the game Henry forgot that James was umpire. 12. " How, minion," said she to the speaker, "is this the manner you requite the kindness which permitted thee to leave thy prison-cells?" 13. The knight's or Prince John's helmet lay in the dust. 14. He looked this then hastened away. and that way way, 15. In the nice ear of Nature which song is the best? 16. Better to me the poor man's crust, Better the blessing of the poor, Though I turn me empty from his door. 17. I saw that he, the leader of the opposition, was accepting our point of view. 18. Kenneth had been dubbed knight by Prince John. CHAPTER VII THE PRONOUN Classes of Pronouns 70. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. It has all the properties of the noun- number, person, gender, and case. There are five classes of pronouns: personal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, and indefinite. 71. The personal pronoun is always used in place of the name of a person. There is therefore a pronoun of the first person, denoting the speaker; a pronoun of the second person, denoting the person spoken to; and a pronoun of the third person, denoting the person spoken of. The personal pronouns are I, thou, you, he, she, it. They are declined as follows: 1. The pronoun it is frequently used as an introductory word, called an expletive, without representing any noun; as, It was a happy occasion. It will probably rain. 2. The compound personal pronouns are myself, thyself or yourself, himself, herself, itself; and the plurals, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. 72. The demonstrative pronoun points out, or demonstrates, the noun to which it refers. There are two demonstratives, this and that, and their plural forms, these and those. This and these refer to things or persons near by or recently named; that and those refer to things distant, out of sight, or not recently named. 73. The interrogative pronoun is used in asking questions. There are three interrogatives, who, which, what. They are declined as follows: Who refers to persons; which refers to persons or things, and seeks to distinguish one object from another; what refers to things alone. 74. The relative pronoun stands in close relation to some word or phrase, called its antecedent, to which it refers, and connects different clauses of a sentence. There are five relatives, who, which, what, that, as; and six compound relatives, whoever, whosoever, whichever, whichsoever, whatever, whatsoever. What, that, as, whichever, whichsoever, whatever, whatsoever, are not declined, as the nominative and objective cases are alike and the words are not used in the possessive. 1. What is called the double relative, because it never has an antecedent expressed, but itself implies both antecedent and relative; as, I hear what you say (the word which you say). 2. That is called the restrictive relative; it always limits and sharply restricts the meaning of the antecedent. Who, which, and as often merely describe the antecedent. When you say, (1) The man, who was wounded, is at the hospital; (2) The old house, which had long been our home, was destroyed; (3) We hired such men as appeared willing to work; the relative with its clause describes the antecedent. But when you say, (4) This is the same report that we heard before; (5) He that hath a trade, hath an estate; the relative clearly has a restrictive force. 3. Which and who are frequently used with restrictive force; as, (1) Have you seen the painting which hangs over the entrance? (2) The interpreter whom we had engaged spoke too rapidly. |