The government here makes no sensation. It is round about like the air, and you cannot even feel it: a good work might be written on that, to prevent emigration, by shewing that the arts of government are not known. There are very few showmen, or mountebanks; a proof of a dull plodding people, all being about their own affairs. This might be stated to prevent idlers from coming. But as there is little temptation for that class, it is not worth a book. They have no decayed nor potwolloping boroughs, which renders their parliament a stiff machine. Their candidates are not chaired, and throw no sixpences among the mob. This might be used to prevent the emigration of the mob. from the President's house to the every man has a soldier to watch him capitol. There might be an engrav- with a musket. ing to shew him hitching his bridle to a peg. The stranger in America might write the book; but he need not call himself the stranger; it appears clear enough from his works. If it could be possible to confine those works against emigration to home circulation, it would be better. They appear rather ridiculous in this country; for they know here, as well as your Lordship, that people are the riches of a nation. I would humbly recommend a prohibition of their exportation. If Mr. Parkinson writes any more, would your Lordship have the goodness to let him know, there has been no yellow fever since I came to America; but that, in return, the catadids have created great disturbances? A good work against the catadids might prevent emigration. Tell him, if your Lordship I don't like their little one gun ships pleases, that the butter is no better of the line. If they are so wicked than it was when he was here; and when they are little, what will they the pigs remain unreconciled to the be when they grow big? I believe peaches. The Timothy-grass grows Decatur to be a dangerous man. I straight up, and so does the duck- had it from the Ex-Bashaw of Trigrass-apropos-the ducks here go poli. And Preble, I fear, is as bad on water like those of England; but though the Bashaw did not tell me so. they swim hardest against the stream. Twelve barrels of plaister in Massachusetts go as far as a dozen in any other state; and there is but one head upon a stock of wheat, and the grass grows rankest in the wet ground. A work of this nature may serve to prevent the lovers of good butter and pork from coming to America, and prevent emigration. They boil their cabbage in fresh water, and throw the water out. All the other departments are as ridiculous as the executive; and one of his Majesty's cream coloured Hanoverian horses has more servants than their secretary of state. They have no Lords nor beggars. We must try to have beggars. A little work upon that might put things in a strong light. Their judges are without wigs, and their lawyers without gowns. This night be called bald justice and stinted eloquence. There is no energy in the execution of the law. One constable, with a staff, will march twenty prisoners, Your lordship knows a country where However, if we don't come near them, they can do us no harm. I hope your Lordship will not count me over zealous in my remarks, and that they may not be considered altogether unworthy of your Lordship's wisdom.. Your Lordship having been first Lord of the Admiralty is the best judge of gun-boats. The inventions of this people are becoming every day more alarming. They sold their card-making machine to the English, for twenty thousand pounds sterling! and now they say they can make one for fifty guineas. Might not some addresses be adviseable from the Manchester fustian weavers ? They have made a steam-boat to go against wind and tide seven miles in an hour; an alarming circumstance to the coach-making trade. A work might be written against the emigra tion of coach-makers, and entitled No Steam Boats. The burning of Paterson Mills was very fortunate; but the eastern and southern_manufacturers would require to be burned. It is time the country was taken out of their hands. excellent mischief may be done for They are committing daily waste upon the service of his Majesty, and the the woods, and disfiguring the face of war will be memorable in future hisnature with villages, turnpikes, and tory, and may be called the segar canals. war. We have, at once, in our They are about stopping up two hands, three principal ingredients of miles and a half of sea, which they civil war-fire, smoke, and hard call the Narrows, though I endeavour words. We might coalesce with our to persuade them of the advantage of magnanimous allies, the Squaws, on a free passage for his Majesty's ships the western frontier, and a diversion of war up to this city, and put before on the Chesapeake would complete their eyes the example of Copen- the whole and I should not despair hagen! of marching a column of ladies by the next summer into Virginia, and laying the tobacco plantations waste with fire and tow. That Chesapeake business has burst the bubble, and shews that many of those we counted upon here are Americans in their hearts, and will not do any serious mischief to their own country. Their wranglings, I fear, are like those of our own Whig and Tory, and will profit us nothing, But there is yet a mean left. And if your Lordship will send me a hundred thousand pounds by the Windsor Castle, I shall lose not an instant to set about it. It will, I hope, be no objection to the project, that it is a new one; the more so, as the old ones have not succeeded very well. 1 should glory, my Lord, to be the author of a species of civil war and discord, yet unattempted, and thereby recommend myself to the honourable consideration of his Majesty's minis ters. There exists, my Lord, in this nation, a latent spark, which requires only to be fanned. If this be done with address, we shall have a civil war lighted up in this country, which will not be easily extinguished; for the contest will be between the two sexes. If we once can get them into separate camps, and keep the war afoot for sixty years, there is an end of the American people. The matter is briefly this. The men smoke tobacco. The ladies will not be smoked. They say they do not marry, nor come into the world, to be smoked with tobacco. The men say they did not marry, nor come into the world, to be scolded, and that they will be masters in their own houses. They are both in the right; they are both in the wrong. Neither is right, nor neither is wrong, according as the balance of power can be managed by a cunning hand. And under the cover of this smoke much UNIVERSAL MAG. VOL. XII. One great advantage of my project, your Lordship will please to observe, is this: that whether it succeed or fail, take it at the very worst, supposing it to end, as it began, in smoke, it would have a result to the full as favourable as other projects, which have cost old England fifty times the sum I ask for. The very smoking of these ladies would be a great point gained; for they have arrived at an insolent pitch of beauty, and it will be in vain that we should deter the connoiseurs and virtuosi of our dominions from coming over here, by holding out that there are no statues nor pictures, if we suffer them to preserve such exquisite models of flesh and blood, from which goddesses, nymphs, and graces may be imitated. refined souls will prefer cheeks of brass and eyeballs of stone, to the dimple of nature and sparkling glances of the laughter loving eye. But the mass of mankind will be ever vulgar; for them canvass will be too flat, and marble too hard, and flesh and blood will carry off the prize. A few It is true, my Lord, that the same arts are not yet so advanced in this country as in those farther gone in corruption and luxury. Yet it is mortifying to see the progress the young and fair ones are daily making in those delicate acquirements which give lustre to virtue, and embellish good sense. Those arts which have now the charm of novelty and the grace of infancy cannot fail to improve in a soil where living beauty triumphs; where the great scenes of majestic nature invite, and where history points the eye of the poet, D the painter, and the sculptor, to the virtues of Washington, and the plains of Saratoga and York Town. more than one of my acquaintance, and may befal many more. There need come no more with toys from But one, who passes for having Birmingham. There is one Langgood sense, avowed to me, some staff here, that has done them mistime ago, that he would rather see a chief. He gives himself out for well-clad and active population, than gouty, and sits writing in an elbow the finest antique groupes of naked chair. When the fit leaves him, he fawns and satyrs with a Lazeroni announces it in the newspapers, and populace. And a thing that has appoints an hour for his visits: all raised great wonder in me is this, doors are thrown open, and scouts that some of these fair-haired Dryads sent out to watch for him. He runs of the woods have manners more about in a yellow coattee; and in the polished than the shining beauties of course of the morning will have your splendid court. Where they kissed the hand of every pretty lady got it, or how they came by it, I in the town. It provokes me to see know not; but on the chaste stem of a little fellow lie in a lady's worknative purity, they seem to have basket, and make laughing sport of engrafted the richest fruits of foreign grave men. And it makes me feel cultivation. And as the ladies in all more mortified, at my own growing civilized nations will, covertly or corpulence, lest my bulk should be openly, have the sway, I think these no recommendation in the eyes of dangerous persons ought to be well the fair, whose favour is the chief watched; and I am not indisposed, object of my wishes; I shall theremy Lord, to keep an eye upon them, fore, before the evil grows worse, go. provided I may be encouraged by immediately to press, be squeezed your Lordship's approbation. I shall into the genteelest form I can, and not then regret the situation in which then pay my respects to the ladies, it has pleased the wisdom of his and to your Lordship. Meantime, Majesty's councils to have placed me, and I shall labour, to the end of my life, to make a suitable return. In this view I think it right to mention, that the youngest ladies have imbibed French principles :some of them can express any sentiment, grave or gay, by a motion of the head; speak any language with their eyes, and tell an affecting story with their toes. Those cottillions, my Lord, are dangerous innovations. It is for the reasons I have mentioned, extremely important, that Mr. Weld and the Anacreontic poet should write down the American ladies. The kind and frank hospitality they received from these unsuspecting fair ones has afforded them an opportunity of taking a noble revenge, worthy of their masters. And if pert genius, like the fairest beauty, is to be selected for prostitution, Moore is the man. But if this system of detraction be followed up, you will do well, my Lord, to keep your Englishmen at home. They will be very liable, coming over with such notions, to be surprised, perhaps put in voluntary chains. It has already happened to I have the honour to be, Your Lordship's much obliged FURTHER OBSERVATIONS on the WHATEVER may be objected confirmed by the improvements which have so recently been made in this art. During a period of two hundred years, an opinion appears to have prelish language precluded the necessity vailed that the simpl city of the Engof studying its principles; and we find, accordingly, the grammar of it * Dr. Lowth. suffered little or no change: but the noun; with what propriety, then, inaccuracies of our finest writers have does C. L. allow it to be the former, shewn that this opinion was fallacious; when he hesitates to assert it is the and, in the short time that has elapsed latter. Surely this argues a great since the study has become general, ignorance of grammar. innumerable improvements have been introduced, and irregularities, into which even authors have been betrayed, are avoided in common conversation. Grammar, as a standard of language, has already rescued it from the corruption which crept in when the art was neglected, and it will continue to preserve it in its native purity and vigour as long as it maintains its character what, then, can sanction a fruitless persistence in an exploded error, which must weaken the credit of grammar, and prevent these excellent effects? Your correspondent thus continues: "As I consider my the pronominal adjective of the pronoun substantive I, so I consider that the pronominal adjective of the pronoun relative that, without changing its termination."This opinion, Mr. Editor, is peculiar to C. L. and has an unquestionable claim to originality, inasmuch as it is not to be found in any reputable treatise on grammar. He is yet to learn that relative pronouns cannot have pronominal adjectives to answer to them. "As my or thy," he says, "merely shews the person that occupies the Before I proceed to examine the book, so does that distinguish the objections of your correspondent C. L. place."-This is indeed a logical deI shall remark, that there have been duction. Who can help admiring the two opinions as to the word that in precision with which so answers to as, such applications as "Give me that and the remarkable affinity there is book," some grammarians have term- between the possessor of a book, and ed it a demonstrative or definitive the circumstance of place? I must, pronoun, while others have contend- Sir, be allowed to say that to oppose ed that it is an article. It remained argument to this would be inconfor C. L. to decide the question. sistent. "Nestor componere lites Inter Peleiden festinat, et inter Atreiden." Horace. "The word," he says, "is the pronominal adjective of the pronoun relative that, without changing its termination !!!" Having thus briefly contrasted the ideas of your correspondent with those of grammarians, I shall pass on to consider his remarks in order. He begins by admitting the truth of my premises, and he then proposes "to inquire into how far my conclusions agree or disagree with my principles." Let the reader judge "between me and him how far he performs his promise. "I do not mean," he says, "to assert that the word that is a pronoun like 1, &c. but it is, I should imagine, a pronominal adjective." This is making a distinction without a difference. Pronominal adjectives really form a subdivision of the class of pronouns, and therefore a pronominal adjective must, of necessity, be a pro He says, "it does not therefore seem evident to me, that the words that and the are at all synonimous terms; for, in the line That, more than heaven pursue,' "I do not conceive it can be taken otherwise than (when) it is used in the sentence Give me that book." Instead of adopting the example which I had given, your correspondent chuses another for his purpose, pretending he cannot conceive it can be taken otherwise than mine," and from it he has drawn his own conclusions. Now, had he really thought the applications similar, it is absurd to suppose he would have chosen another, because the result must then have been the same; but they are not similar; and the specious adduction of this example cannot justly draw from me the compliment of candour. One objection I could not well examine in the order in which it is placed: "If we consider it an article, it will not only create a new one, but render the word of four different parts lateral and confirmatory. My argu menta majora have not yet been attacked: the passages alluded to are, however, such as these: of speech." Erroneous as this position, I content myself with introducing it to the reader's attention: but let me ask C. L. if he mean to 1st Chap. John, verse 20. Kal call this argument? While so narrow a prejudice operated on his mind, ώμολόγησε, καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσαιο καὶ ὡμολόγησεν it is not surprising that instead of in- Ὅτι ἐκ εἰμὶ ἐγω ὁ Χρισός. 21. Καὶ ἠρώ quiring what the truth is, he has ex- 1ησαν αὐτόν. Τί 8; Ηλιας εἰσύ; Καὶ λέplained only what he thinks it ought Ουκ ELμL '0 προφητης εἶ σὺ; Καὶ to be. In concluding my remarks, I am willing to meet C. L. on his own ground. He has allowed that "there cannot exist a doubt on the beginning of my observations;" but he denies the propriety of my conclusion. He admits the principle, that " if the word that be not used instead of a noun, as its substitute or representative, it cannot be a pronoun;" but he objects to my inference, that the word that is therefore not a pronoun I say : y απεκρίθη Ου. 20. 21. "I am not the Christ." "Art thou that prophet HE state of emotion possesses in in the sentence "Give me that book." itself a degree of delight, indeSince the determination of this must pendent of all relation of its object, turn upon the circumstance of its either to our improvement or degrastanding or not standing instead of a dation; we strive to place ourselves noun, there can be but two opinions: in a state of emotion, although it may it is for C. L. to prove the fallacy of be attended with heavy sacrifices.— mine, by pointing out the substantive Our most common enjoyments are which the word represents. When founded on this impulse; and it is "Charles is happy because he scarcely to be taken into consideration is good;" he is evidently a pronoun, if the emotion be directed to affection because it represents the proper name or to hatred, or if it be according to Charles and when we say "Give its nature, agreeable or painful. Exme that book," I believe the conclu- perience rather teaches us, that the disagreeable emotion possesses the greater charms for us; and it is a general phenomenon in our nature, that the melancholy, the terrible, and the horrible, attract us with irresistible charms, and that we feel ourselves with equal powers repulsed from, and again attracted to, scenes of woe and of terror. Every one presses, with the intense look of expectation, round the relator of a tale of murder; and the most horrible story of apparitions possesses charms for us in proportion to its horror. sion is inevitable. The letter of your correspondent, though professedly written to inquire into how far my conclusions agreed or disagreed with my principles," is, as the reader must have observed, neither such an inquiry, nor indeed a defence of the common acceptation of the word; but a new opinion, brought forward without proofs, clothed in misapplied terms, and unwarranted by any principles of grammar. I wish I could have been more methodical in examining his remarks, but the "lucidus ordo" had forsaken him, and his paper would not admit a regular criticism. Your correspondent should perhaps have observed, that the conclusions I drew from the Greek article are col It will then be but three, pronoun, conjunction, and article. But this emotion displays itself with greater force on objects of actual observation. A storm at sea, in which a whole fleet is wrecked, viewed from the shore, would delight our fancy with the same force as it excites the feelings of our heart. It must be difficult to believe, with Lucretius, that this unnatural pleasure springs |