Anacharsis: "Where virtue is honored, and vice detested." Pittacus: "Where dignities are always conferred on the good, never on the bad."

Cleobulus: "Where the citizens fear blame more than punishment."

Chilo: "Where the laws are more regarded, and have more authority, than the orators."

Goethe has asked, "What government is best? That which teaches us to govern ourselves." At another time he said, "The best government is that which makes itself superfluous.”

"Good government," says Confucius, "obtains when those who are near are made happy, and those who are far off are attracted."

Call no man happy until his death.

To Croesus, king of Lydia. He said, on seeing the treasure of Croesus, "If another king comes, who has better iron than you, he will be master of all this gold."

Æsop told Solon, who was chagrined at the poor reception his truths met with at the court of Croesus, "A man should either not converse with kings at all, or say what is agreeable to them;" to which Solon replied, "Nay, he should either not do it at all, or say what is useful to them."-PLUTARCH: Life. advice," says Massillon, "is rarely useful advice."

Agreeable

Laws are like cobwebs, that entangle the weak, but are broken by the strong.

He that has learned to obey will know how to command.

In every thing you do, consider the end.

In Latin, respice finem.

"The end crowns all."

Troilus and Cressida, IV. 5.

Friendships are best formed at home.

His reply to Anacharsis, a stranger, who desired to enter into engagements of friendship with him. Then said Anacharsis, "Do you, who are at home, make me your friend."— PLUTARCH:

Life of Solon. It was this Anacharsis, who, having seen an assembly of the people at Athens, said that "in Greece wise men plead causes, and fools determine them."

Absolute monarchy is a fair field, but it has no outlet.

Ibid. When asked if he had given the Athenians the best laws, Solon replied, "If not the best, the best they are capable of receiving." Being asked how wrong-doing could be avoided in the state, he said, "If those who are not wronged feel the same indignation as those who are."

SOPHOCLES.

[A Greek tragic poet; born near Athens, 495 B.C.; gained the first prize, 468; composed more than one hundred tragedies, of which seven are extant; died 405.]

If I am Sophocles, I am not beside myself; if I am beside myself, I am not Sophocles.

When accused in his old age of incapacity to manage or dispose of his property. The story, which is included by Fournier among historic fictions, is as follows: The family of Sophocles consisted of two sons,- Iophon, the offspring of a free Athenian woman; and Ariston, by Theoris of Sicyon. Ariston had a son named Sophocles, for whom his grandfather showed the greatest affection. Iophon, the rightful heir, jealous of the youthful Sophocles, upon whom he feared the poet would bestow his property, summoned the latter before the officers having jurisdiction over family matters, on the charge that his mind was affected by old age. As his only reply, Sophocles exclaimed, "If I am Sophocles, I am not beside myself; if I am beside myself, I am not Sophocles." He then read a magnificent passage from his "Edipus Colonus," which was lately written, but not yet brought out; and the judges at once dismissed the case, and rebuked Iophon for his undutiful conduct. Sophocles forgave his son; and the reconciliation may be referred to in the lines of the "Edipus Colonus," where Antigone pleads with Edipus' father to forgive Polynices, as other fathers had been induced to forgive their bad children (v. 1192, etc.).

Sophocles used to say of the compositions of Euripides, "I represent men as they ought to be, Euripides as they are." Goldsmith describes Reynolds:

"A flattering painter, who made it his care

To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are."

MADAME DE STAËL.

Retaliation, 63.

[Anne Louise Necker, a celebrated authoress, daughter of Necker the financier; born in Paris, April 22, 1766; married Baron de StaëlHolstein, a Swedish diplomatist, 1786; banished from Paris by Bonaparte, 1802; published "Corinne," 1807; "De l'Allemagne," 1810; returned to Paris after the abdication of Napoleon; died there July, 1817.]

Show me the rivulet of the Rue du Bac!

On seeing and hearing praised the Lake of Geneva, after her exile from Paris, she exclaimed, “Montrez-moi le ruisseau de la Rue du Bac!" Her home had been in the Rue de Grenelle St. Germain, near the Rue du Bac, on the south side of the Seine, in the Faubourg de St. Germain. The word "rivulet" refers to the stream of fresh water which flows through the gutter of the streets in Paris. It was a cry for home, as compared with the most beautiful foreign landscape. Nature, however, seems to have had no charm for Mme. de Staël. In surprise that M. Molé, minister of Louis XVIII., could love the country, she declared, "If it were not for public opinion, I would not open my window to see the Bay of Naples for the first time, while I would go five hundred leagues to talk with a man of sense whom I had not known." The Earl of Essex (1540-1576), quoted in Boswell's "Johnson," "would rather go a hundred miles to speak with one wise man than five miles to see a fair town." On the other hand, when the precocious Mlle. Necker was asked what she admired most in a visit to Versailles, she replied, "I preferred the statues in the garden to the personages of the palace;" and when her brother further asked her what harm the visit had done her, she said, "To make me feel injustice, and look upon absurdity.”

One of the exaggerated expressions called forth by her banishment was, "I am the Orestes of exile!" (Je suis l'Oreste d'exil!)

She compared herself to Orestes, seized with madness and pursued from land to land by the Erinyes of his mother, whom he had slain. At another time her mind reverted to a character in the "Inferno," who, after ruling tyrannically in Pisa, was shut up in a tower, where he was starved to death: "I seem," she said, "in imagination to be in the tower of Ugolino; fatality pursues me exile is almost death" (on est presque mort quand on est exile). Thus Ovid, banished from Rome to the deserts of Sarmatia, cried, "Exile is death" (Exilium mors est); but Victor Hugo wrote upon the door of his study in Jersey, "Exilium vita est" (Exile is life). Cicero wrote to Atticus from Thessalonica, Aug. 17, 58 B. C., during his ill-borne banishment: "While all other sorrows are mellowed by age, this [exile] can only grow keener day by day, as one thinks of the misery of the present, and looks back on the days that are past." This anticipates "the truth the poet sings,

That a sorrow's crown of sorrows is remembering happier things"

("Locksley Hall "), where Tennyson translates Dante, —

"Nessun maggior dolore

Che ricordarsi del tempo felice

Nella miseria."

Inferno, V. 121.

"Exile," says Curran, "is the bitterest ingredient of captivity. If Adversity ever becomes a teacher, surely her school ought to be found in exile.” — Life, 344.

A Robespierre on horseback.

In her opinion, Bonaparte at the outset of his career was a military revolutionist (un Robespierre à cheval). At a later period she said of him, "His path lay across virtues and vices, as across mountains and rivers, and he followed it" (Il traversait les vertus et les vices comme il traversait les montagnes et les fleuves, parce que c'était son chemin). During the "Hundred Days" she declared, of the restoration of the Bourbons by foreign arms, "If Napoleon triumph, it is all over with liberty: if he succumbs to Europe, national independence is gone" (Si Napoléon triomphe, c'en est fait de la liberté: s'il succombe devant l'Europe, c'en est fait de l'indépen dance nationale).

The advanced guard of the race.

She said to some Americans, after the War of Independence, "You are the advanced guard of the human race: you have the fortune of the world."

She declared to Lord Byron at Vichy, "It does not do to war with the world: the world is too strong for the individual.”

According to Mme. de Stael, "Morality is the nature of things." She was probably thinking of herself when she said, “Conversation, like talent, exists only in France."

Between wit and beauty.

66

It is related of M. de Lalande, the celebrated astronomer, that, finding himself seated at dinner at Mme. Récamier's between her and Mme. de Stael, he unfortunately remarked, "How happy I am to find myself between wit and beauty!' to which Mme. de Staël immediately rejoined, " And without possessing either!" A similar story is told of Adrien de Montmorency, afterwards Duc de Laval, minister of Charles X at Vienna, that, walking one day with the same ladies in the park of Clichy, and making the same remark as M. de Lalande, Mme. de Stael, who could not bear that the palm of beauty should be adjudged to another, replied, "That is the first compliment that was ever paid to my face!" (Voilà le premier compliment que je reçois sur ma figure!) The French Ana attribute to Talleyrand a reply to Mme. de Staël as startling as that of Napoleon (v. p. 406). She pressed him to say which of two ladies he preferred, herself or Mme. de H, each of whom received an equal share of his attentions. The wily diplomatist for a long time succeeded in evading a direct answer, until she exclaimed, "Confess now, that if we both fell into the river, I should not be the first you would think of saving.". "It is quite possible," he replied: "you know how to swim" (Ma foi, c'est bien possible: vous savez nager). Talleyrand was once asked by a friend how he could marry so stupid a woman as Mrs. Grant: "Don't you see?" he replied, "I was so worn out by Mme. de Staël's wit, that I thought I couldn't go too far the other way" (j'ai cru ne pouvoir jamais donner assez dans l'excès contraire).

Mme. de Staël was once asked how she would describe her