Experiments In Microbiology, Plant Pathology And BiotechnologyMicroorganisms Are Living Things Like Plants And Animals But Because Of Their Minute Size And Omnipresence, Performing Experiments With Microbes Requires Special Techniques And Equipment Apart From Good Theoretical Knowledge About Them. This Easy To Use Revised And Updated Edition Provides Knowledge About All The Three I.E., Techniques, Equipment And Principles Involved.The Notable Feature Of This Edition Is The Addition Of New Sections On Bacterial Taxonomy That Deals With The Criteria Used In Identification, Phylogeny And Current System Of Classification Of Procaryotes Based On The Second Edition Of Bergey Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology And The Section One On History Of Discovery Of Events That Covers Chronologically Important Events In Microbiology With The Contribution Of Pioneer Microbiologists Who Laid The Foundation Of The Science Of Microbiology. In The Subsequent Twenty-Two Sections, Various Microbiological Techniques Have Been Described Followed By Several Experiments Illustrating The Properties Of Microorganisms And Highlighting Their Involvement In Practically Every Sphere Of Life.Along With The Cultivation/Isolation/Purification Of Microbes, This Edition Also Contains Exercises Concerning Air, Soil, Water, Food, Dairy And AgriculturalMicrobiology, Bacterial Genetics, Plant Pathology, Plant Tissue Culture And Mushroom Production Technology. This Manual Contains 163 Experiments Spread Over 22 Different Sections. The Exercises Are Presented In A Simple Language With Explanatory Diagrams And A Brief Recapitulation Of Their Theory And Principle.The Exercises Are Selected By Keeping In Mind The Easy Availability Of Cultures, Culture Media And Equipment. Appendices At The End Of The Manual Provide A Reference To The Source For Obtaining Cultures Of Microbes, Culture Media And Preparation Of Various Stains, Reagents And Media In The Laboratory And Classification Of Procaryotes According To The First And Second Editions Of Bergey Is Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology.This Book Would Be Useful For The Undergraduate And Postgraduate Students, Teachers And Scientists In Diverse Areas Including The Biological Sciences, The Allied Health Services, Environmental Science, Biotechnology, Agriculture, Nutrition, Pharmacy And Various Other Professional Programmes Like Milk Processing Units, Diagnostic (Clinical) Microbiological Laboratories And Mushroom Cultivation At Small Or Large Scales. |
Contents
Preface to the First Edition | 1 |
Golden Age of Microbiology | 9 |
Era of Molecular Biology | 17 |
Laboratory Rules Tools Equipment and other | 30 |
Microscopy | 51 |
Micrometery 6165 | 61 |
Microscopic Examination of Living | 74 |
Slide culture technique for studying | 83 |
Preparation of basic solid media agar slants and agar deep tubes for the routine cultivation of microorganisms | 150 |
Demonstration of selective and differential media | 152 |
Cultivation Techniques for Isolation | 157 |
Isolation of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal | 163 |
Isolation of microorganisms from air | 169 |
Isolation of microorganisms from | 176 |
Isolation of aquatic fungi | 183 |
Methods of Obtaining Pure Cultures | 189 |
Preparation of Bacterial and Blood Smears 8996 | 89 |
Staining Methods 97128 | 97 |
Acidfast staining of bacteria | 106 |
Bacterial cell wall staining | 108 |
Cytoplasmic membrane staining | 109 |
Bacterial spore endospore staining | 110 |
Capsule staining | 112 |
Capsule staining by Anthony staining method | 113 |
Flagella staining | 114 |
Staining of nuclear material of bacteria | 117 |
Viability staining technique for bacteria | 118 |
Lactophenol cotton blue mounting of fungi | 119 |
Nuclear staining in filamentous fungi | 120 |
Staining of actinomycetes | 122 |
Staining of spirochetes by Fontanas method | 123 |
Staining of mycoplasmas PPLO | 125 |
Staining of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae VAM | 126 |
Control of Microorganisms 129146 | 129 |
Moist heat | 131 |
Dry heat Hot air | 134 |
filtration | 137 |
Evaluation of antiseptics by filter paper disc method | 139 |
Evaluation of alcohol effectiveness as a skin antiseptic | 142 |
Evaluation of disinfectants Phenol coefficient | 144 |
Preparation of Culture Media 147156 | 147 |
Preparation of basic liquid media broth for the routine cultivation of bacteria | 149 |
Spreadplate technique | 195 |
Maintenance of Pure Cultures 206211 | 206 |
Measurement of Growth of Microorganism | 212 |
Determination of algal growth | 218 |
Effect of pH | 228 |
Effect of salt concentration | 235 |
Lethal effects of ultraviolet radiations | 242 |
Identification of an Unknown Microorganism 276294 | 276 |
Medical Microbiology and Immunology 295354 | 295 |
Water Microbiology 355370 | 355 |
Food Dairy Industrial and Agricultural | 371 |
Determination of quality of a milk sample | 377 |
Alcoholic fermentation | 383 |
Penicillin production and testing | 389 |
Seed inoculation with rhizobia | 395 |
Lipase production test or demonstration | 405 |
Bacterial Genetics 413435 | 413 |
Plant Pathological Methods 436466 | 436 |
Plant Tissue Culture 467495 | 467 |
Mushroom Production Technology 496519 | 496 |
Bacterial TaxonomyCriteria used | 520 |
Current classification of bacteria | 529 |
Appendix AII Classification of Procaryotes According to | 547 |
Appendix B World Major Microbial Culture Collections | 555 |
Appendix K Some milestones in Bacteriology | 602 |
Common terms and phrases
acid agar medium agar plate agar slants alcohol anaerobic Archaea Aseptically aureus autoclave Bacillus bacteria bacterium broth culture Bunsen burner cell wall cent Centrifuge chemical chloride colour containing cool cotton cover slip dilution disease Dissolve distilled water endospores enzymes Escherichia coli EXPERIMENT Family fermentation filter flasks Form genus fungal fungi genetic Genus VII glucose Gram-negative Gram-positive growth Incubate infection inoculated plates Inoculating loop inverted position isolation labelled laboratory lactose mannitol membrane method methylene blue microbial microbiology micrometer microorganisms microscope milk mushroom number of colonies nutrient agar plate nutrient broth Observations and Results organisms oxygen pathogens Peptone Petri dishes Petri plates phenol pipette plant preparation Procedure production protein protoplasts reaction reagent Requirements sample smear Sodium soil solution species spores stain Sterile Petri dishes Sterile Petri plates sterile water streptomycin suspension technique temperature test tube tissue Transfer water bath Wax marking pencil yeast