A Manual of Elementary Geology: Or, The Ancient Changes of the Earth and Its Inhabitants as Illustrated by Geological MonumentsD. Appleton, 1860 - 685 Seiten |
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A Manual of Elementary Geology: The Ancient Changes of the Earth and its ... Sir Charles Lyell Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 1854 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
abundant alluded alluvium Alps ancient argillaceous augite basalt beds bones calcareous Caldera called carboniferous character clay cliffs coal cone conglomerate consist containing corals Crag crater cretaceous crystalline denudation deposits Devonian dikes Eocene eruptions fauna feet thick felspar fish fissures flint formations fossil fossiliferous fragments freshwater genera genus Geol geological geologists gneiss granite gravel Greensand height horizontal hornblende hypogene igneous island Journ land lava layers Lias lime limestone Llandeilo London clay Lower mammalia marine marl mass metamorphic mica miles mineral Miocene mountain newer nummulitic observed occur Old Red older Oolite organic remains origin pebbles period plants Pliocene plutonic portion Purbeck quadrupeds quartz Red Sandstone region reptiles river sand schists scoriæ seen shale shells Silurian slate sometimes species stone strata stratified supposed surface tertiary tion trachyte trap tuff Upper valley veins vertical volcanic rocks Wealden white chalk
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 23 - The upper valve is almost invariably wanting, though occasionally found in a perfect state of preservation in the white chalk at some distance. In this case we see clearly that the sea-urchin first lived from youth to age, then died and lost its spines, which were carried away. Then the young Crania adhered to the...
Seite 392 - Horizontal galleries may be driven everywhere at very slight expense, and so worked as to drain themselves, while the cars, laden with coal and attached to each other, glide down on a railway, so as to deliver their burden into barges moored to the river's bank.
Seite 631 - This has been accomplished without violation of the laws now governing the organic creation, by which limits are assigned to the variability of species. The succession of living beings appears to have been continued not by the transmutation of species, but by the introduction into the earth from time to time of new plants and animals...
Seite 381 - ... it is satisfactory to have at length obtained such positive proofs of showers of rain, the drops of which resembled in their average size those which now fall from the clouds. From such data we may presume that the atmosphere of the carboniferous period corresponded in density with that now investing the globe, and that different currents of air varied then as now, in temperature, so as to give rise, by their mixture, to the condensation of aqueous vapour.
Seite 60 - We often said to ourselves, What clearer evidence could we have had of the different formation of these rocks, and of the long interval which separated their formation, had we actually seen them emerging from the bosom of the deep ? We felt ourselves necessarily carried back to the time when the schistus...
Seite 326 - ... was quite active. Their limbs and strong claws are admirably adapted for crawling over the rugged and fissured masses of lava which everywhere form the coast. In such situations, a group of six or seven of these hideous reptiles may oftentimes be seen on the black rocks, a few feet above the surf, basking in the sun with outstretched legs.
Seite 60 - The mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time ; and, while we listened with earnestness and admiration to the philosopher who was now unfolding to us the order and series of these wonderful^ events, we became sensible how much farther reason may sometimes go than imagination can venture to follow.
Seite 384 - Ganges, in the basin of which the fall of rain is much heavier, and where nearly all comes down in a third part of the year, so that the river is more turbid than if it flowed in temperate latitudes. In reference to the Ganges, also, it may be well to mention, that its delta presents in one respect a striking parallel to the Nova Scotia coal-field ; since at Calcutta, at the depth of eight or ten feet from the surface, buried trees and roots have been found in digging tanks, indicating an ancient...
Seite 373 - ... thrown downwards, and receives no support from the coating of friable coal which has replaced the bark. As soon, therefore, as the cohesion of this external layer is overcome, the heavy column falls suddenly in a perpendicular or oblique direction from the roof of the gallery whence coal has been extracted, wounding or killing the workman who stands below. It is strange to reflect...