CONSTABLES OF THE TOWER.

Early Constables; ecclesiastics who held the office, 291. Man-

deville, Earl of Essex; Hubert de Burgh, 292. Hugh le

Bigod, Earl of Norfolk; Bishop Stapleton, 293. De la Beche,

294. Edward III.'s prisoners, 295. Sir Thomas Rempston,

296. Peculiar privilege of the Constable, exercised by Sir

William Balfour, 296. Disputes between Charles I. and the

Parliament, 297. Duke of Bolton; Lord Cornwallis, 298.

Question raised, and debate, on the appointment of Lord

George Lennox, 298, 299. The appointment since restricted

to military officers, 300. Reform of abuses by the Duke of

Wellington, 300, 301.
Increase in number of visitors, 301.

Lord Combermere, 301. Sir John Burgoyne; the Con-

stable's salary abolished, 304.

CLOSING THE GATES.

Ceremonies practised, 303. Seizure of the Tower always an

object with the ringleaders in riots; Jack Cade; Lord George

Gordon, 304. Colonel Despard; Sir Francis Burdett;

Watson; Thistlewood; the Chartists, 305. Precautions of

the Duke of Wellington; alarms of fire, 306. Paul

Hentzner's account of his visit to the Tower in Queen

Anne's time, 306-308.

THE MENAGERIE.

Edward II.'s lion; in-

Baiting of lions intro-

eye-witness, 310, 311.

Early custom of keeping wild beasts in the Tower; Henry III.'s

leopards, bear, and elephant, 309.

creased importance of keepers, 310.

duced by James I.; account of an

The King's second visit to a like exhibition, 312, 313. A

horse worried by dogs; a bear baited to death by the

King's order; his niggardly device for saving his own pocket,

314. A popular reason for anticipating the death of George

II., 314. Removal of the menagerie, 315.

Title.

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to face Introduction.

PAGE

GEN. SIR J. BURGOYNE (Constable of the Tower)
PLAN OF THE TOWER AT PRESENT

RECESS IN UPPER PART OF WAKEFIELD TOWER

A representation of the south-eastern of the eight recesses in the first
floor of the Wakefield Tower, a Decorated addition to a Norman
basement. This recess is prolonged into the chamber by lateral
walls and buttresses, so as to give it greater depth. It was evi-
dently an Oratory.

LANCET ARCH IN WAKEFIELD TOWER

Shows the tall lancet doorway which occupies the next or eastern
recess in the Wakefield Tower, and which led from the royal
apartments, and was no doubt closed when the King's Gallery was
pulled down, and this tower fitted up as a record-room.

N. AISLE, ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL, WHITE TOWER to face
PLAN OF WHITE TOWER

INTERIOR OF ST. PETER'S AD VINCULA..

..

II

20

22

23

to face

28

A representation of the crown of the very curious arch which spans
the Pool, and supports the rear-wall, of brick and timber, of St.
Thomas's Tower, better known as Traitors' Gate. The arch, of
61 feet span and 15 feet 9 inches rise, has recently been disencum-
bered of buildings. The joggled joints have no doubt well fulfilled
their object in retaining the voussoirs in their places.

37

LANDING-PLACE ON STAIRS IN WHITE TOWER to face

CINQUEFOIL-HEADED LOOP IN CRADLE TOWER..

One of the very few unaltered windows in the whole fortress. It is
the remaining one of a pair which opened from the basement
chamber of the Cradle Tower in its rear or north wall.

INTERIOR OF BEAUCHAMP TOWER..

FIREPLACE IN WHITE TOWER

..

46

54

This fireplace has been recently discovered in the east wall of the
upper or state-floor of the White Tower. Its ring-stones appear
to be original, as is its round back, and it is the only known fire-
place in the building. As the vent has not been cleared out, it
is uncertain whether it opened on the face of the wall, or ascended
to its summit.

This is the entrance and perspective of the gallery of the postern
appendage to the Byward Gate Tower. It is of excellent Perpen-
dicular work, with ribbed vaulting, as shown in the cut. At the
further end of this gallery, but within it, was a portcullis and small
drawbridge, the "altera securitas" of the postern. The second
bridge was exterior, and crossed the South Moat, dropping upon
the Quay.

PASSAGE AND CELL IN BEAUCHAMP TOWER .. to face

"IANE" (Lady Jane Grey)—name inscribed on the wall

GUY FAWKES'S DUNGEON (Little Ease)..

DOOR OF GUY FAWKES'S DUNGEON

98

106

114