This author again warns practitioners to be careful not to mistake a fpurious difcafe affecting the nipples of cows, for the genuine cow-pox, and gives the difcriminating marks, by which they may be diftinguished; or from taking the matter of the true cow-pox, at too late a period of the difeafe. In either cafe, he fays, puftules, on the parts inoculated, pain in the axilla, with fever, may be produced, but the patients will not be fecured from the infection of the fmall-pox. The variolous matter, he fays, fometimes fails, under fimilar circumftances. In fupport of this opinion, he relates the cafes of feveral perfons who had been inoculated with variolous matter, taken when the puftules were beginning to feab, in whom the inoculation feemed to have taken complete effect, excepting that the puftules did not come to maturity, who were afterwards fubjected to the difeafe, The following is a part of a letter from Mr. Earl, furgeon, of Frampton, having inoculated feveral perfons with active (crude) variolous matter, with fuccefs, his flock of matter being exhaufted, he was induced to take fome from a puftule, "which experience has fince proved," he fays, " was advanced too far." Five perfons were inoculated with this matter. Inflammation in the arms took place in all of them, followed by pain in the axilla, fever, and, on the ninth day, eruptions. The eruptions died away earlier, he fays, than ufual, and without coming to maturity. Four of thefe perfons took the mallpox afterwards, and one of them died of the difeafe. If these cafes are told correctly, that is, if the inflammation of the arms proceeded regularly, followed by pain in the axilla, fever, and puftular eruptions, and yer left the patients fufceptible of the variolous contagion, it will be difficult to decide when they may be declared to be completely guaranteed from it, Inoculators have not generally decided at what period of the disease the matter for inoculation fhould be taken, fome preferring it in its crude, others in its digefted and mature ftate. Crude matter has been fapposed to be more active, and thence more certain in its effect, and is, we believe, now moft frequently used; but thousands of perfons have been inoculated with perfectly digested matter, with intire fecurity from future infection. The author gives fome obfervations on the effects of efcarotics, applied to the inoculated puftule, after the conftitutión is infected, in mitigating the violence of fecondary symptoms. He has ufed them with fuccefs, and thinks the practice may be introduced with advantage. The work concludes with cafes and obfervations from various correfpondents, and affords altogether much fatisfactory evidence, on this new and very curious subject, ART. 36. A Detection of the Fallacy of Dr. Hull's Defence of the Cæfarean Operation. By W. Simmons, Member of the Corporation of Surgeons in London, and Senior Surgeon to the Manchefter Infirmary. 8vo. 103 PP. 2s. 6d. Verner and Hood. 1799. This is a fpirited defence of the author's former publication, entitled, "Reflections* on the Propriety of performing the Cæfarean Ope * See Brit. Crit, vol. xiii, p. 111. ration," ration," which had been rudely attacked by Dr. Hull*, whose animad, verfions are, we think, fairly and fully anfwered. We are forry, however, to find this author retorting the farcaftic and perfonal reflections which Dr. Hull condefcended to mix with his arguments. The quef tion whether, and under what circumftances, the Cæfarean fection may be proper, is loft, in what feems more nearly to intereft the author; a vindication of his literary and profeffional character, and a defire to avenge the affront he conceives himfelf to have received. This has produced from Dr. Hull a rejoinder, still more bitter and acrimonious than his former work. ART. 31. Obfervatious on Mr. Simmons's Detection, &c. Sc. with a Defence of the Cæfarean Operation, derived from Authorities, &c. &c. a Defcription of the Female Pelvis, an Examination of Dr. Ofborn's Opinions relative to Embryulcia, and an Account of the Method of delivery by Embryotomy. The author fees nothing in the Detection, but "ignorance, ribaldry, hypocrify, vain-glory, nonfenfe," &c. For the honour of the profeffion, to which both of the gentlemen may juftly be confidered as ornaments, we hope this will be the laft publication on the subject; or, at the least, that they will abftain from writing upon it, until they have brought their minds to a more fedate and even temperament. ART. 32. Hints on the Ventilation of Army Hospitals and Barrack Rooms, with Obfervations on regimental Practice, &c. By W. H. Williams, of Gonville, and Caius College, Cambridge, Fellow of the Linnean Society, and Surgeon of the Eaftern Regiment of Norfolk Militia. 12mo. 69 pp. 25. Longman. 1798. This author communicates his hints in a feries of letters, The first is on a mode of ventilating hofpitals and barracks. The ventilator he propofes is extremely fimple. It confifts of a square tube, about five inches in diameter, to be let in at a window, with apertures in different parts, covered with valves or flides, to admit or exclude the air, as may be required, and conftructed in such a manner as to be raised or depreffed at difcretion, fo that a ftream of air may be made to circulate through the whole room, or directed to any particular part, as may be thought convenient. The author does not fay that he has tried fuch a ventilator, but feems to think it would be useful, and that fomething of the kind is wanted, he says, will be acknowledged by every one whofe office obliges him to vifit fuch places. Great mifchief, he fays, accrues from placing men indifcriminately in the hofpitals. Men fent in with trifling complaints, often contract ferious difeafes from being lodged near perfons ill with fevers. In one inftance, he seems to at ribute the death of a patient, ill with fever, to his being placed near a person who had an ulcer in his leg. • See Brit. Crit. vol. xiii, p. 610. Sufficient Sufficient care, he obferves, is not taken in changing the apparel, or in washing the blankets of perfons who have been ill with fever, before other patients are allowed to use them. The regulations of the Army Medical Board, he fays, are excellent," and would prevent thefe, and many other evils he notices, but they are in general much neglected, or very flovenly executed. The vifiting" phyficians, inftead of going at flated times, or fignifying the time they intend feeing the hofpitals, fhould go when they are not expected, which would enable them to fee in what manner they are actually conducted." The author appears to have paid great attention to the fubject, and many of his hints might, we think, be advantageously adopted. DIVINITY. ART. 33, The Bleffing and the Curfe, a Sermon, preached at the Ca thedral Church of Norwich, on Thursday, the 29th of November, 1798, on the Day of General Thanksgiving. By T. F. Middleton, A. M. Rector of Fanfor in Northamptonshire. 4to. Is. 6d. Rivingtons. 1798. This is a very manly, fpirited, and vigorous difcourfe, which equally merits commendation for its ftyle, fentiment, and argument." We do not remember to have seen any other of this writer's productions; but we are willing to reft the propriety of our wishes to fee more, on what our readers may think of the following extract: "Whatever profeffes to render fimple, that which was hitherto thought complex and abftrufe, will always be favourably received, and often without fufficient examination of its tendency. Of this kind is the principle now before us. Strictly true in itfelf, it is calculated to mislead, because the abuse of it is far more eafy and obvious than the ufe. To apply it indeed as it ought to be applied, is hardly the intent of those who refer to it; for fo understood, it is nothing else than a recognition of the defign and utility of the Chrif tian difpenfation. Christianity is an appeal to the real and most im." portant interests of mankind; and, undoubtedly, he who obeys its precepts, is not, either in a fpiritual or a temporal view, chargeable, with the neglect of his own well-being. But, fince this maxim is moft frequently reforted to, by thofe whofe object is any thing rather than to recommend the Chriftian faith, it must evidently be otherwise interpreted, and indeed it is liable to a very different conftruction.. With an air of accuracy it requires the interest fhould be well underftood; and yet the great question, whether he beft understands his intereft who regards immediate, or a diftant good, is paffed over in cautious filence. I intimates, however, that the nature of virtue is very eafily afcertained, being not lefs fo than that of felf-intereft, of which few perfons, if any, believe themfelves ignorant. It will be concluded therefore, that virtue is only the refult of that plain good fenfe, which is daily exerted in the bufinefs of life; and here every man's judg ment, whatever it may be, will become the rule of conduct by which he is to be directed in his intercourfe with fociety. But the rale of life, whencefoever derived, fhould poffefs the following recommendations. It should be plain, because it is intended more efpecially for the ufe of those who are leaft qualified for abstract enquiry. It fhould be impartial, fo as not to favour corrupt propenfities; for then it would fail where it was most wanted. It thould also be univerfal; for elfe mankind would have no common ftandard to which they could have recourfe, and lite would be embroiled in endless difputation. Lastly, it fhould be fanctioned by the higheft authority, becaufe nothing fhort of that authority has any claim to regard in a question of the highest importance. But the rule of life meant to be ettablished by referring every man to his private judgment, would be defective in each of thefe particulars. It would not be plain, because it would lead him through a labyrinth of metaphyfical deductions before it could be found, even if he fhould find it at laft. It would not be impartial, becaufe impartiality is rarely attainable, where paffion interferes. It would not be univerfal; on the contrary, of feveral enquirers fcarcely two would arrive at the fame conclufion. And it would by no means be authoritative, poffeffing no higher fanction than that of the weakness and fallibility of man. Let Revelation be tried by the fame criteria; it is impoffible not to anticipate the contrast.” ART. 34. The Interpofition of Divine Providence illuftrated; a Sermon, preached at the Free Church in Bath, November 29, 1798. Being the Day appointed for a General Thanksgiving, for the Succeffes of His Majefty's Arms. By the Rev. William Leigh, L. L. B. Rector of Little Plumited, Norfolk, and One of the Officiating Minifters of the FreeChurch. To which is added, an Appendix, containing an Account of the Establishment of the Free-Church. 40. 25 PP. 15. Crutt well, Bath; Rivingtons, London. 1799. Befides a judicious vindication of the Providential Government of nations, this difcourfe contains a remarkable comparison between the infolence of conqueft poffeffing Sennacherib, King of Allyria, and the late French invader of Egypt. The author, in a note, compares, in parallel columns, the proclamation of Rebfhakeh, the Affyrian Gene ral, with that of Bonaparte; on which he remarks. "In thefe proclamations it may be oblerved, that if the Affyrian General was pr fuptuous, fo was equally the French General; if the former falfy afferted the co-operation of God in his favour, fo alfo has the latter; if the one knew how to apply the terrors of deftruction, fo did affo the other; if Rabshakeh he fitated not to deny the power of the God of Ifracl, fo neither did Bonaparte hesitate to deny that of Jefus Chrift; nor does it appear that the promised deportation of the Jews, by the Affyrians, was more confolatory than the promife of fraternity to the Egyptians by the French." The parallel is now happily completed, by the difcomfiture of the army of the modern boaiter, almoft as fudden as that of the ancient. The Inftitution of the Free-Church at Bath is known to be highly benevolent, and the account of it here fubjoined is fatisfactory, ART ART. 35. A Sermon, preached at the Meeting-Houfe in Carter-Lane, on Thursday, November 29, 1798; being the Day appointed for a national Thanksgiving, By Thomas Tayler. 8vo. 29 pp. 6d. Dilly. 1798. A plain and very inftructive difcourfe (on Pfalm ii, 11, "Rejoice with trembling") which might be heard with advantage in any meeting-house, or any church. A fingle extract will recommend it to the attention of confiderate readers: "There never was a time within the memory of the oldeft in this affembly, and there are few periods, I be lieve, in the hiftory of mankind, when the hand of Providence was held up higher, and more confpicuoufly to the view of the world. The revolutions which have lately been produced among the nations of Europe, are fo great and unexpected, and human policy has found itself fo often difappointed and confounded, amidit the unforeseen. events that have preceded and accompanied them; the turn of public affairs, in fome triking inftances, hath fo directly contradicted what might have been thought most probable, and that which was least likely hath fo furprizingly taken place, that I cannot help confidering the righteous Governor of the world,, as coming forth from his place," and with more than ufual difplays of his power and glory, that he might draw the eyes of the nations towards him. He appears to me by this conduct to fay, I will now take unto me my great name, and make bare my arm in the eyes of all people. And I will proceed to do marvellous things upon the earth, which they will hardly believe when it is told them. And all men fhall know that I am the Lord." At fuch an interesting period, who can fay what we may yet live to fee or to fuffer? Happy are thofe wife obfervers of Providence, who by carefully improving paft and prefent events, ftand prepared to meet their God, in whatever future forms of judgment or mercy he may fee fit to difplay his glory. Sure I am, the awful uncertainty, which enters into our profpects, powerfully enforces a profound veneration of God, with whom there is no darknefs at all-a devout acknowledgment of his over-ruling Providence, and our conftant dependance upon it-a facred dread of offending him, and an ardent defire of his friendship and protection, as the only fure ground upon which we can build our hopes of fafety." Pp. 21, 22. ART. 36. The Sword of the Lord and of Gideon; a Sermon, preached in the Parish-Church of Great Dunmow, Effex, on Tuesday, the 11th of September, 1798, at the joint Requeft of the Right Hon. Lord Viscount Maynard, and Michael Pepper, Efq. before their Tavo Volunteer Troops of Yeomanry Cavalry. By the Rev. J. Howlett, Vicar. 8vo. 18 pp. IS. Richardfon. 1798. Mr. H. opens his difcourfe, on Judges vii. 18, by briefly establishing a principle in itself most juft, but fomewhat inaccurately ftated: "The neceffity of this concurrence of divine affiftance with human exertion in the conduct of war (the lawfulness of which is here clearly implied) feems to have been generally prevalent in every age of the world." P. 4. He means, a belief, or conviction, of the neceffity, &C |