and Obedient to the higher Powers; and there is a Conclufion, fhowing what inferences arife from the authorities quoted, and principles laid down. With the beft principles and intentions, this writer is, we think, too prolix. An abridgment of his work would be more likely to gain the attention of that clafs of men, for whofe ufe it seems to have been chiefly defigned.

ART. 45. The Connection between Industry and Property; or, a Propofal to make a fixed and permanent Allowance to Labourers for the Maintenance of their Children. Addriffed to the Society for bettering the Condition and increafing the Comforts of the Poor. 8vo. 20 pp. 6d. Hatchard, &c. 1799.

The propofal of this writer is, "That a fixed national allowance fhould be made to every labourer, of one fhilling weekly, for every child under ten years of age; not as alms, not as a humiliating badge of incapacity, but as an honourable contribution of the fociety at large, towards the fupport of the rifing generation."

He objects to the prefent mode of relieving the poor, that the relief is diftributed, not in proportion to their wants, abtractedly confidered, but by a very different criterion, namely, a deficiency of earings, and that this tends to deprefs, not to encourage, induftry. This fhort effay is evidently the work of a man of fenfe and benevolence, and contains a fuggeftion well worthy of being confidered, when any alteration in the mode of relieving the poor, or any laws for the general encouragement of industry, fhall be in the contemplation of parliament. This writer alfo fuggefts, as inany have done before him, that a perfec freedom fhould be allowed to labourers to engage themselves wherever they can beft find employment. This, if we milake not, has been, in a great measure, effected by the act to prevent vexatious rem wals.

ART. 46. An Addrefs to the People of Great Britain, on the Doctrine of Libels, and the Office of Juror. By George Dyer, B. A. 8vo. 120 pp. 25. Printed for the Author. 1799.

Having hitherto confidered Mr. Dyer as a benevolent, but on fome. fubjects a mifguided man, it was with pain that we perufed a publication from his pen, which calls for our indignant and almost unqualified cenfure. The chief object of this Addrefs was to induce the Jury, who were to try Mr. Wakefield on a late profecution, to acquit the culprit; and, alfo, generally to create a prejudice in the minds of Jury-· men, in favour of all who may hereafter be profecuted for libels against the conftitution. Mr. Wakefield's guilt being now afcertained by a folemn verdict, and his fentence pronounced, it might feem unfeeling, as it is certainly unneceffary, to defcant on the magnitude of his offence. Few will doubt it, except a clafs of perfons, among whom the prefent tract completely ranks its author.

He first itates (after his own manner) the publication and general contents of the Bishop of Landaff's Addrefs to the Nation. Whether the reprefentation here given of that celebrated Addrefs be juft or not; whether the infinuations refpecting the motives of its author are or are

not

not deferved, we may fafely leave to every impartial perfon, who knows the contents of the work, or the character of the writer. With Mr. D. all Prelates must be corrupt and dependent; and none of them, except "men of vulgar talents, and fhallow reflections," believe what they teach! Such is Mr. D.'s candid statement on the one fide. The Opponent (as he calls Mr. Wakefield) is faid to be a mere literary reclufe; his fpeculations are inactive, inhoftile, and feeble; his indecent reflections on the Prelate are called unavoidable afficiations; and fome coarfe language of Bishop Latimer, in a Sermon during the reign of Edward VI. is quoted as a juftification of all the inflammatory and fediticus expreffious in Mr. Wakefield's Letter. The reft of Mr. D.'s reprefentations are equally fair and just.

The fecond chapter contains an affemblage of all the trite objec tions to profecutions for libels; on which it is furely needlefs for us to remark, in an age when the neceffity of reftraining the licentiou nefs of the prefs is become fo evident; and when profecutions of this kind are conducted with every degree of lenity, compatible with publie juftice. We could not, in a fubfequent chapter, avoid fmiling at the comparison of Mr. Wakefield's tract with Barclay's Apology for the Quakers, with Harrington's Oceana, and other political tracts, written to enforce general principles, and evidently without any immediate defign to fubvert the conflitution, or destroy the peace of the kingdom. The writer then expatiates on the powers and duty of Juries. To a great part of his remarks we have no objection, except that the defign of them is manifeftly to cajole the Jury who might have to decide on Mr. Wakefield's cafe, and thus procure a verdict in his favour. A very long extract from a fpeech of Mr. Horne Tooke is here inferted; for what purpofe it is difficult to say, unless it be to difplay the captioufnefs and pertinacity of that idol of a party, and the obfequious admiration of his votary.

All this, however, we could excufe, in pity to the mifguided author. But the two laft chapters deferve more férious notice. The daring introduction of the hiftory of our Saviour, as a warning to thofe who hould have to decide on Mr. Wakefield, is too flagitious to be read without indignation, by any person uncorrupted by modern depravities and to what does it amount as an argument?-but to this; that because our Saviour was unjustly ftyled a feditious perfon, therefore Juries should not venture to pronounce any one guilty of fedition. We cannot difmifs this article without recommending to Mr. D. (fome of whofe literary attempts breathe a spirit from which better things might have been expected) to reflect upon the tendency of principles, which lead him to fympathize with libellers, to panegyrize Jacobins, and to revile the religion of his country.

MISCEL

ART. 47. A Key to the claffical Pronunciation of Greek and Latin proper Names, in which the Words are accented, and divided into Syllables, exaftly as they ought to be pronounced; with References to the Rules which how the Analogy of Pronunciation. To which is added, a complete Vocabulary of Scripture proper Names, divided into Syllables, and ac sented according to Rules drawn from Analogy and the best Ufage. Concluding with Obfervations on the Greek and Latin Accent and Quantity; with fome probable Conjectures on the Method of freeing them from the Obfcurity and Confufion in which they are involved, bath by the Ancients and Moderns. By John Walker, Author of the Critical Prenouncing Dictionary, &c. &c. 8vo. 168 pp. 55. Cadell and Davies. 1798.

Ufeful labour fo very feldom obtains from the world the praise it truly deferves, that we thould be very forry to be at all deficient in our commendation of Mr. Walker. That this publication is the best arranged and moft convenient for ufe, and most fenfibly illuftrative of its fubject that has yet appeared, we are willing to pronounce; but that it is the first of the kind, is, we believe (though the author evidently fuppofes it fo) far from the fact. One book at least, of a very similar nature, we well remember to have seen, though we cannot, at this moment, recal the exact title, If we recollect rightly, it was printed for Johnfon. Mr. Walker fpeaks of his own labours with fo much modefty, in his fhort Preface, that we will not attempt to note either errors or defects in his publication. That both muft exift, in a work requiring fo much minute attention, is inevitable; but he will, it is probable, remedy them gradually, by keeping an interleaved copy at hand for that purpofe. In this way, he will foon infert the name of Abgarus, king of Edeffa, which is wanting in the first page. The general rules prefixed, and the Appendix fubjoined, are replete with good fenfe; and, on the very obfcure fubject of Greek and Roman accent, the author fhows, in the concluding Effay, that he has thought with care; and makes remarks which well deserve attention.

ART. 48. Thoughts on the Means of alleviating the Miferies attendant upon Common Profitution. 8vo. Is. 6d. Cadell and Davies..

1799.

We are very ferioufly impreffed with the importance of the object difcuffed in this fenfible and well-written pamphlet, and accordingly recommend it to the attention of the public. After detailing, we fear with too much truth, the different ftages of miferies of that molt wretched state of life, the writer propofes what he confiders as fome remedy for the calamity. This is, to form a Society, who fhall, in a mode hereafter to be regulated, have the means of refcuing (in every ftage) unfortunate females from the vices that degrade, and the evils that await them. Some very pertinent hints are given, how fuch an inftitution may be formed and conducted; and we fincerely hope that the views of this benevolent author may be maturely inveftigated, and, if found practicable, effectually accomplished.

ART.

ART. 49. The Life of Lazarus Hoche, General of the Armies of the French Republic. By Alexander Rouffelin. Tranflated from the French. 8vo. 15. 6d. Ridgway. 1799.

General Hoche, like many of his countrymen, whom circumstances have elevated to fimilar diftinction, was of the meaneft origin. His father kept the dog-kennel at Versailles, and Hoche himself was a ftable-boy. He appears to have had talents, but his career was fhort; and, notwithstanding the enthusiasm of seemingly a too partial friend, the meteor-blaze which he displayed is already almost forgotten. In this publication, Miranda is without ceremony ftigmatized as a traitor, and Pichegru is called pufillanimous, whence it may be concluded, that the fpirit of party has had its ufual influence. The principles of the original author are evidently thofe of the most confirmed democracy.

ART. 50. A Reply to Irwin; or the Feasibility of Buonaparte's fuppofed Expedition to the Eaft exemplified. By an Officer in the Service of the Eaft-India Company. 8vo. 53 PP. Is. 6d. Cadell and

Davies. 1798.

By one courfe of events, out of innumerable which might be fuppofed, but most of which must have had a fimilar termination, Mr. Irwin's conjectures on the probability of Buonaparte's reaching India have been at length decifively confirmed. It may be a matter of literary curiofity, to record that any fpeculations of the oppofite kind were once committed to the prefs.

ART. 51.

Geometrical and Graphical Effays, containing a general Defcription of the Mathematical Inftruments used in Geometry, Civil and Military Surveying, Levelling, and Perspective, with many new practical Problems. By the late George Adams, Mathematical Inftrument-Maker to his Majefty, &c. The Second Edition, corrected and enlarged by William Jones, Mathematical Inftrument-Maker. 2 Vols. 8vo. 145. Sold by Jones, Optician, Holborn,

It would be unjust to the editor entirely to pass by this improved edition of a well-known and very ufeful work. Confiderable errors of the former edition are here corrected, and many additions made, of which the principal are thefe: Defcription of a new Pair of PocketCompaffes, containing the ink and pencil points in its two legs; improved Perambulator; Way-Wifer; improved Surveying Crofs; im proved Circumferentor; complete portable Theodolite; great Theodolite, by Ramfden; pocket Box-Sextant; Artificial Horizon; a pair of Perfpective Compaffes; Keith's improved Parallel Scale; new Method of furveying and keeping a Field-Book; Gunner's Calipers ; Gunner's Quadrant; Gunner's Level, &c. Brief notes are alfo, in fome places, fubjoined to the text.

G

BRIT. CRIT. VOL. XIV, JULY, 1799.

ART,

ART. 52. Arabian Nights Entertainments, confifting of One Thousand and One Stories, &c. &c. Tranflated into French from the Arabian MSS. By M. Galland, of the Royal Academy; and now rendered into English, from the laft Paris Edition. A new Edition corrected. In Four Volumes. 12mo. 16s. Longman. 1798.

Of the corrections introduced into this edition, we cannot undertake to fpeak. The only material addition is a fenfible Preface of about 13 pages, giving fome account of the Tales themfelves, collected from various authors, and in part from our remarks. The writer pronounces perhaps rather too peremptorily, that the whole of the continuation, published in France about 1791, and in English in 1792, " is a palpa ble and ill-conducted forgery." A great part of it certainly deferves that character. We take this opportunity to obferve, that the tranflation, publifhed at London in 1794, is falfely afcribed to Mr. Beloe; which we notice, because the report is mentioned here, p. xvi.

FOREIGN CATALOGUE.

FRANCE.

ART. 53. Nouveau Spectacle de la Nature, contenant des notions et des détails intéreffans fur les objets dont l'homme doit être inftruit, comme la Aructure du monde et de l'Univers, les phénomènes et les metéores, les montagnes, volcans, tremblemens de terre, tempêtes, &c. par Chevignard, 2 Volumes in 8vo. ornés de 9 planches, impreffion de Didot.

This work, already known under the title of Idée du Monde, is here republished, with confiderable additions and corrections, under that of Spectacle de la Nature. The ftyle of the author is fimple, and adapted to the fubject which he treats. He fubmits his ideas on abstract matters to the judgment of thofe who will take the trouble to examine them. He begins with the history of the creation, fpeaks afterwards of the celeftial appearances, of heat and light, of the planets, and of eclipfes, of fire, of meteors, of the differences of heat, cold, and of the seasons in different parts of the earth. This is followed by a curious and circumftantial account of the exceffive cold, and intemperature of the air in the frozen, northern and fouthern, zones. The author then prefents us with a fhort defcription of the globe, and of its contents, as alfo with a concife hiftory of the operations to which we owe the knowledge of its figure and dimenfions. He explains the feveral changes that have taken place in the furface of the earth, occafioned by the deluge and other events. To these are joined defcriptions of volcanos, earthquakes, tempefts, &c. &c. intended to give an idea of them to thofe perfons who have never themselves been eye-witnesses to these alarming fpectacles. M. Ch. then proceeds to give the hiftory of other things, of which it is proper to know the origin and causes, of rare animals and vegetables, of pearls, precious ftones, of metals and minerals, of mines, of the amiantus, of the falts, &c. In the last place,

he