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he adds a fhort account of the different sciences, of their objects and utility, concluding with fuch reflections as may be fuppofed to arife from the contemplation and study of nature. Spectat. du Nord.

HOLLAND.

ART. 54. Reizen door Palestina in eenige aangenaame Brieven, met eene op nieuw gemaakte Aftekening der Stad Jerufalem, door S. van Emdre, Lid van de Zeeuwsche Maatschappy der Wetenschappen, en van 't Genootschap ter Verdediging der christelyken Godsdienft. Eerfte Deel. Travels through Palestine, in a series of entertaining Letters, with a new Plan of the City of Jerufalem, by S. van Emdre, Member of the Society of Sciences, in Zealand, and of that for the Vindication of the Chriftian Religion. Volume I. XXIV. and 200 pp. in large 8vo. Utrecht.

Though the author, like the Abbé de la Porte and others, never actually visited the country which he profeffes to defcribe, we may venture to recommend this as a very ufeful work, fince it is compiled, with great care and judgment, from the writings of the most approved travellers, fuch as Benjamin of Tudela, Brocardus, Rauwolf, Radzivil, Kootwyk, Sandys, P. della Valle, Arvieux, Thevenot, Corn. de Bruyn, Maundrell, Heymann, Egmond van der Nyenberg, Shaw, Korte, Pococke, Haffelquift, and Volney, with references to the parts of each from which the materials were collected. This first volume contains fix letters. The fecond will be accompanied by a new chart of the Palestine, according to the latest divifions.

GERMANY.

ART. 55. Bryträge zur Gefchichte der Philofophie, heraufgegeben von Georg Guftav Fülleborn. Achtes Stück.-Contributions to the Hif tory of Philofophy, published by G. G. Fülleborn. Volume VIII, 200 pp. in 8vo. (pr. 14 gr.) Züllichau and Freystadt.

Befides fome new obfervations by Heinrich on the Poem of Parmenides, this volume contains only one article by the editor, entitled An Abridg ment of the literary Hiftory of Phyfiognomy, p. 1-191; which, though very far from being complete, is, perhaps, as much fo as the materials from which it was to be compiled, would allow. The Effay towards an Hiftory of Phyfiognomy (Verfuch einer Geschichte der Phyfiognomik) by Orbilius Anthropofcopus, Vienna, 1784, 8vo. which is, upon the whole, a very meagre performance, but from which, however, he might have been fupplied with the Arabic literary Hiftory of Phyfiognomy, to which he has paid no attention, Mr. F. had not feen till his own was finished.

The prefent Hiftory is divided into four periods; 1, from Pythagoras to Ariftotle; 2, from Ariftotle to the fourth century after Chrift; 3, from the fourth century to the commencement of the feventeenth; 4, from the beginning of the feventeenth century to Lavater. Among the different philofophers, the author dwells chiefly on Aristotle, and on

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the

the Treatife on this fubject afcribed to him, which, however, though it may contain Ariftotelic opinions and expreffions, he does not, on account of its want of coherence and fyftematic arrangement, allow to be genuine. The fact may, indeed, be true, but whether the inference be rightly deduced from it, is, we think, ftill problematical, as the text of this work is come down to us fo corrupted and defective. It is here, in a great measure, tranflated, and the leading ideas extracted from the remaining parts. The Verfion appears alfo to be accurate, except in an inftance or two, where the author had been misled by an erroneous punctuation, as in the following paffage, near the end of the first chapter, which we take this opportunity of correcting in that refpet: ὅσα δὲ παθήματα ἐγγινόμενα τῇ ψυχῇ μηδέν τι ἐνδιαλλάττει τὰ σημεῖα τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι, οἷς χρῆται ὁ φυσιογνώμων, οὐκ ἂν εἴη τὰ τοιαῦτα γνωρίσματα τῇ τέχνῃ, οἷον τὰ περὶ τὰς δόξας καὶ τὰς ἐπισήμας· ἱατρὸν (γὰρ) ἤ κιθαρισὴν οὐκ ἐνδέχεται γνωρίζειν. Jena ALZ.

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ART. 56.
Theophrafti Characteres cum Additamentis anecdotis quæ
Codice MS. Palatino-Vaticano Saeculi XIV. defcripfit Joann. Philipp
Siebenkees. Edidit et Lectionis Varietatem adjecit Joann Adam
Goetz. XXXII. and 71 pp. 8vo. (pr. 12 gr.) Nürnberg, 1798.

It is well known, that the most ancient editions of the characters of Theophrastus, contain XV chapters only, which in the greatest part of the MSS. and even in those which Siebenkees had, while on his Travels, an opportunity of collating, are found with few important variations. Camotius was the first who encreafed this little collection with the addition of eight new chapters, which were likewife adopted by H. Ste phens. The remaining five chapters, from the XXIII, were difcovered in a MS. at Heidelberg, by Marcard. Freherus from whofe copy Cafaubon received them into his fecond edition. There till remained at Heidelberg another more complete MS. which had escaped the notice of Frekerus, and which was likewife not among the four MSS. in this library, collated by Cajaubon. This MS. which in the pillage of the reafures of Heidelberg, was transferred to the Vatican, where it is marked CX, contains, befides a number of other rhetorical and philofophical writings, the XV last characters of Theophraftus, from the XVI chapter in the common editions. The attention of the public was first directed to this valuable MS. by Profpera Petroni, who, in the Notizie letterarie Oltramontane, for the year 1743, Tom. II. P. II. p. 350, promifed an edition of the Characters of Theophraftus, which fhould contain one third more than any that had before appeared. This promife, however, was not fulfilled, and it was referved for Amaduzzi, the director of the prefs of the Propaganda, to publifh from this MS, the two heretofore unknown characters, περὶ φιλοπονησίας and περὶ αἰχρονεςSizs. But from the very imperfect manner in which they are edited, - Mr. Siebenkees is led to doubt whether Amaduzzi himself made ufe of that MS; it is at leat certain, that he was entirely ignorant of the additions which might have been made from it to the XIII chapters already published.

The prefent editor has been enabled by it to encrease many of them by one half, and there is none of them which does not in this edition contain

contain fomething new. Many of the various readings likewife may be confidered as real emendations of the text.

In this edition, the fifteen laft chapters are publifhed without any alteration from the papers of Siebenkees, and with his obfervations, marked with an S. To thefe are added thofe of the prefent editor, pointing out the different lections of former editions, and fometimes fuggefting ingenious illustrations of obfcure paffages. In the fifteen firft chapters, Mr. G. has, in a great measure, followed the edition of Fischer.

Ibid.

ART. 57. Hiob überfetzt. Ein Verfuch von Samuel Chriftian Pape, Begleitet mit einer Vorrede vom Hn. Hofrath Eichhorn.-A Tranflatian of Job, attempted by S. Chr. Pape; accompanied with a Preface, by Eichhorn; XXII and 114 pp. 8vo. Göttingen.

The Preface, as may naturally be expected, contains many important obfervations and hints; and the tranflation, though, in our opinion, not improved by the circumftance of its being in rhyme, may, upon the whole, be regarded as a valuable addition to the ftock of biblical and exegetical literature. The effect of the rhyme is often too vifible, as in the following paffages, Chap. I, 2r:

"So nackt wie mich die mutter einft gebahr;

So mufs ich wieder hier hinab.

Jehova nahm es, der es gab.

Gepriefen fey Jehovah immerdar.

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Naked as my mother bore me, fo must I return thither (n, i. e. to the earth, to which Job is, by the tranflator, fuppofed to have bowed himfelf at the time). Jehovah has taken away, who

of Jehovah always praised."

So again, Chap. III, 3:

"Als ich geboren ward, O! jener Tag

gave.

Er fey vertilgt, und jene Nacht die sprach:

Ein Mann ifts der empfangen war.”

Be the name

When I was born, O! that day may it be annihilated; and the night which faid, there is a man-child conceived.

and emphatic is the original?

In v. 9, Mr. P. translates,

How much more concife

"Sie müffe nie die Wimpern der Abendröthe schauen." Let it not fee the twinkling rednefs of the evening sky; whereas the word , here evidently fignifies the morning-dawn. Again, in v. 14, the paffage is rendered, die in der Wufteney fich Haüfer aufgeftellt," who built themselves houfes in the defart, an interpretation which cannot properly be given to the words an. Berg fpecim. animadvers, renders them undoubtedly right, after the LXX, qui gladiis glariabantur fuis, though we do not fee that there was any reafon for changing the word pan, the verb itfelf having the fignification of attulit fibi gloriam. Chap. V. 3, is thus tranflated:

"Gewahr' ich nur den reichen Bölewicht

: Denn ahnd' ich auch fogleich, sein Fall ift grofs.”

Wher

,ואקוב נוהו,tout the latt part משרים after בטוב Mr. P, fupplies

When I behold the rich villain, I immediately foresee that his fall will be great. is too freely expreffed. In v. 15, he adopts the reading 27 (máboráb) with Michaelis, Hufnagel, and Schultens, as we thould think unneceffarily. The Chaldee Paraphrait renders the paffage very properly, mog shop 10, from the murder of their mouth.

Ch. VI, 21, the tranflator fubstitutes for , and renders the words, ye are now here.

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Ch. XII. v. 5, Mr. P. conceives the Parallelifm to require that the word ny fhould be understood in the fenfe of misfortune, forrow, fourning, referring it to the Arabic root háath, capite pulverulento et capillo disjetto fuit.

In Ch. XV, 29, inftead of the common reading, he adopte that of the LXX,, and renders the paffage :

"Nie wird er fich in feiner Kraft erheben,

Und nimmermehr der Erde Schatten geben."

He will never raife himself in his ftrengtk, nor ever more give shadows to the earth.

Ch. XVI, 7, the reading (édothí) my teflimony, my vindication, is adopted, and pr in v. 8, made to belong to v, 7, thou haft made ze dumb, thrown me into chains.

Ch. XIX, 26, the tranflator reads (vehbar) fupplies the præfix before, and afterwards. In v. 28, he likewife reads an

(déber) the ground, or root, of my mortal complaint.

In Ch. XX, 23, nba is made to belong to the following verse, and the paffage tranflated; he flies in the battle before the iron weapons.

Ch. XXII, 30, Mr. P. compares the word, with the Arabic of the fe recepit commorandi ergo, and tranflates; he delivers the dwellings arvá, innocent. We should, however, prefer the reading, which feems to have been that from which the ancient verfions were made,

Ibid,

ART. 8. Bibliotheca hiftorica inftructa a b. B. G. Struvio, auɛta a b. C. G. Budero; nunc vero a Joh. Georg. Meufelio ita digefta, amplificata et emendata ut pene novum opus videri poffit. Volum. VIII, Pars II. 274 PP. Volum. IX. Pars I. 393 pp. Volum. IX. Pars II, 440 pp. in 8vo. Leipzig, 1798.

The Second part of the eighth volume, is entirely taken up with the reign of Louis XIV. Of Voltaire's Siècle de Louis XIV, he gives the following opinion, to which we fhould, in general, fubfcribe : "Hocce opus hiftoricum præftantius reliquis Voltarianis merito cenfetur. Dictio narrationifque forma fummum artificem produnt. Utique fere elucet dexteritas confummatiffima, quæ fub rege ifto gefta fuere, vel quæ ipfe griffe feu dixiffe fertur, fplendide ac magmfice exponendi. At fludium id ipfum veritati valde fuit obnoxium. Deeft rerum memorabilium earumque caufarum apta cobærentia. Videas enim univerfum per opus tabulas quafi pictas ita inter fe jun&tas, ut feriem quandam numifmatum five infcriptionum quodammodo nectere velis," (which would have been more clearly exproffed thus: ut feriem quafi quandam numifmatum fue inferiptionum

reforre

referre videantur.) "Nec auctor immunis eft peccatorum hiftoricorum paffim Occurrentium, a Beaumellio aliifque, nimia forfan afperitate, caftigatorum."

The first part of the ninth volume begins with an account of the historians of the Reign of Louis XV and XVI, p. 1-50, and particularly of the writings which relate to the murder of the latter, P. 50-55; as alfo to the hiftory of the French Revolution, to the year 1796, p. 56--186. In regard to that of Girtanner, he obferves, p. 58: "In tantis procellis, ut ita dicamus, hiftoricis Aultor, tyrannidis regiæ æque ac plebeia ofor, medium tenere viriliter, nec prorfus infeliciter nititur. Inde a Volumine quarto justo diffufior paulloque negligentior fieri videtur." This is followed by critiques on the works of Rehberg, p. 60; Defodoards, p. 64; Burke, p. 110-113, &c. ; by an account of the writers on the Queens of France; the Princes and Princeffes; the perfons who have held the principal civil and military Offices in that country, p. 186-302, continued likewife in the fecond part; on the Parliaments; the principal Courts of Judicature; and, lastly, on the Hiftorians of Picardy, Champagne, the Ile de France, and the other heretofore French Provinces; referving, however, Provence and Languedoc for the next part. Ibid.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

A very angry diffenting Correfpondent, (without fignature) who is remarkably prompt in his uncharitable conclufions, might have perceived, had he been cooler, that the author whom we cited (p. 424) lays no ftrefs on the mere title of Bithop. That' there fhould be a gradation of offices, for order's fake, we think right and we conceive that we trace it in the practice of the Apoftles. But we trust that much is left to man's judgment, in regulations of convenience; and as for our Correspondent's rant about "hirelings of darkness, and minifters of impofition," it is mere nonfenfe. It is no contradiction to say, that children have a difpofition to devotion, and yet have an inherent corruption of nature. Both facts may be known, to all who choose to obferve. So falls the fecond foolish and unchriftian

rant.

A Friend to the Church of Ireland may recollect, that in giving general praise to a work, we cannot mean to adopt every fentiment in it. Such a coincidence of mind can very feldom happen. It will be very proper for him to publifh exprefsly on the fubject he mentions, if he continues to feel the difpofi

tion.

The favour of Benedict is under confideration. We do not infert anonymous critiques; but, should we find the fentiments juft, we fhall willingly adopt them.

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