Meanwhile, the Presbyteries of Steubenville and of Washington had been formed (1819) from that of Ohio,

(1806) Fairview, Upper and Lower Sugar Creek, Mill Creek, Portland, Little Sugar Creek, Connewango, Beavertown, Harmony, Mercer (Erie Presbytery); (1807) Plain, Newton, Rocky Spring and Amity, Hartford, Smithfield, Upper Salem, Vienna, Bristol, Palmyra, Mesopotamia, Miles Settlement (Erie Presbytery); White Oak Flats, Hopewell, Will's Creek, Mine Run, Federal Creek, Athens, Leading Creek, Gallipolis, Kanawa, Middle Island, Centre, Salem, Pickaway Plains, New Lisbon, and Long's Run (Ohio Presbytery); (1808) Beulah, Indiana (Redstone Presbytery); Clinton, Frederick, Ebenezer, Springfield, Worthington, Crooked Creek, Federal Creek, Middle Island, Greenville, Clear Creek (Ohio Presbytery); East Unity, Boardman, Austinburg and Morgan, Indiana (Erie Presbytery); Vernon, Brookfield, Hubbard, Richfield, Hudson, Talmadge, Burton, Canfield, Westfield, Trumbull (Hartford Presbytery); (1809) West Unity (Erie Presbytery); (1810) Warren, McMahon's Creek (Ohio Presbytery); Chetauque, Mayville, Beech Woods (Erie Presbytery); Newton and Warren, Ellsworth, Euclid, Harpersfield, Upper Salem, Green, Columbiana (Hartford Presbytery); (1811) Red Bank, Glade Run (Redstone Presbytery); Grey's Station (Ohio Presbytery); North-East, Chetauque CrossRoads, subsequently Westfield (Erie Presbytery); Aurora, Hudson, Cool Spring (Hartford Presbytery); (1812) Williamsport, or Horse-Shoe Bottom, Sardis (Ohio Presbytery); Brookfield, Canton, Henderson, Mantua (Hartford Presbytery); (1813) Cherry Run (Redstone Presbytery); (1814) Alleghany and Pine Creek, Brownsville, Highland, Upper Plum Creek (Redstone Presbytery); Cherry Tree, Toby's Creek, Sandy Lick, Butler (Erie Presbytery); (1815) West Liberty, Clarksburg, French Creek, Bethany (Ohio Presbytery); Deer Creek (Erie Presbytery); Kinsman, Rootstown, Hamden, Nelson, Sharon, Talmadge (Grand River Presbytery); (1816) Richland (Erie Presbytery); Benton, Harpersfield, Painesville, Mantua, Dover, Madison, Green, Johnston (Grand River Presbybytery); Boardman, Yellow Creek, Scotch Settlement (Hartford Presbytery); (1817) Hopewell (Erie Presbytery); Brickville, Williamsfield (or Wayne), Kingsville, Ashtabula, Beuville, Bristol, Bloomfield, Wheatsborough (Grand River Presbytery); (1818) Gun's Cross-Roads, Hagerstown, Brushy Fork of Stillwater (Ohio Presbytery); Titeaute, Lottsville (Erie Presbytery); Stow, Harris

-the first with eight ministers, Lyman Potter, Joseph Anderson at Richland and Short Creek, James Snodgrass at Island Creek, John Rhea at Beech Spring, Thomas Hunt at Two Ridges and Richmond, Obadiah Jennings at Steubenville, and Thomas B. Clark; the last with nine ministers, Thomas Marquis at Cross Creek, George M. Scott at Mill Creek and Flats, John Anderson at Upper Buffalo, Elisha Macurdy at CrossRoads, Cephas Dodd at Lower Ten-Mile, Joseph Stevenson at Three Ridges, Andrew Wylie, President of Washington College, James Hervey at Forks of Wheeling and Wheelingtown, and Thomas Hoge stated supply at East Buffalo and Claysville.

The Presbytery of Grand River, formed from that of Hartford in 1814, and the Presbytery of Portage, formed from that of Grand River in 1818, although lying within the bounds of Ohio and covering the region of the Western Reserve, were in connection with the Synod of Pittsburg. In 1820, the Presbyteries consti

ville, Black River, Florence (Grand River Presbytery); (1819) Armagh, Morgantown and George's Creek, French Creek and Buchanan (Redstone Presbytery); Wellsburg (Ohio Presbytery); Cossawaga, Red Bank (Erie Presbytery); Morgan, Huntsburg, Thompson, Andover, Charden, Braceville, Grearsburg, Westfield, Mesopotamia, Salem, Bainbridge, Farmington (Grand River Presbytery); Deerfield (Hartford Presbytery); Burrell's Settlement, Wadsworth, Sandusky City, Harrisville, Brooklyn, Margaretta, Palmyra, Brownhelm, Fitchville, Shalersville (Portage Presbytery); (1820) Bethesda (Hartford Presbytery); Rome, Kirtland, (Grand River Presbytery); Lyme, Strongsville, Norwalk, Granger, Medina, Atwater, Randolph, Palmyra, Franklin, Thorndyke (Portage Presbytery).

Some of the congregations were organized a considerable time before they were reported to the Presbytery. A large part of them were within the bounds of Ohio; and a glance at the Presbyterial connection of those above named will show the change of locality in the growth of the Synod for the first twenty years of the century.

tuting this body were the Presbyteries of Redstone, with twenty-one ministers and forty congregations; Erie, with thirteen ministers and forty-nine congregations; Hartford, with ten ministers and twenty-two congregations; Grand River, with twelve ministers and twenty-three congregations; Portage, with nine ministers and thirty-three congregations; Washington, with ten ministers and nineteen congregations; Steubenville, with seven ministers and twelve congregations; and Ohio, with not far from twelve ministers and eighteen congregations,-making an aggregate of about ninety-four ministers and two hundred and sixteen congregations, an increase in eighteen years of nearly three hundred per cent. in the ministry and nearly two hundred per cent. in the churches on this field.

The cause of learning and the cause of missions were not neglected by the Synod of Pittsburg or its constituent Presbyteries. The Canonsburg Academy -changed to Jefferson College in 1802, contemporaneously with the erection of the Synod-was for some time under Presbyterial supervision, and has ever been dependent on the support and patronage, while it has retained the sympathies, of the Presby terian Church. The school at Washington-subsequently developed into Washington College, and in some respects a rival to the one at Canonsburg-was yet under the supervision and control of Presbyterians; while the first President of Alleghany College at Meadville was Timothy Alden, a member of the Presbytery and pastor of the church.

When the project of establishing a theological seminary at Princeton was adopted by the Assembly, it was cordially endorsed by the Synod, and measures were taken to secure funds to aid in its endowment. It was not long, however, until the special wants of

the Western field became obvious. As early as 1819, the plan of establishing a seminary within the Synod's bounds was agitated. It was confidently anticipated that a union of Washington and Jefferson Colleges might be effected, and the buildings of the former secured for the Seminary. Perhaps in anticipation of this, Dr. McMillan was elected Professor of Theology at Canonsburg, and contributions of books were made with a view to secure a theological library. Upon the failure of the project, it was proposed to unite with the Synods of Ohio and Kentucky in the establishment of an institution; but the discordant views of the local bodies resulted in its defeat, and the Synod of Pittsburg resolved upon the establishment of the Western Theological Seminary within its own bounds.

In connection with the organization of the several local missionary societies among the Eastern churches at the close of the last and the commencement of the present century, a warm interest was excited in behalf of the aborigines of this country. Each local society, for the most part, with its other fields in view, directed particular attention to the Indian tribes. The General Assembly, in drawing up, in 1800, its list of objects entitled to special attention, placed at the head of it, and in precedence of plans for ministerial education, "the gospelizing of the Indians on the frontiers of our country." The scheme of missionary effort was to be connected with a plan for their civilization, the want of which had occasioned, it was believed, the failure of former efforts.

The Assembly could not readily command the means for carrying its scheme into execution; and the Synod of Pittsburg resolved to supply-to some extent, at least-its lack of service, and assume the

1 Minutes of Assembly for 1801.

burden itself. With a vast region around it, rapidly filling up with immigrants, and with calls from new communities and feeble churches which might have absorbed all its energies, it still looked to the regions beyond, and determined, carrying out the plan already initiated by the Synod of Virginia, to prosecute at the same time its mission to the white population of the Northwest and its mission to the Indian tribes.

The measures taken to execute the latter project gave flattering promise of success. The Wyandotte Indians, in the neighborhood of Sandusky, seemed prepared to welcome missionaries whose efforts should be directed at the same time toward their religious instruction and the introduction among them of the arts of civilized life. They were repeatedly visited by members of the Synod, who remained with them for a brief period; but in the summer of 18052 the Synod sent out three missionaries, who remained among them "for two months or more," and were well received. The necessity, however, of a permanent mission, demanded that some one should be located and resident among them; and Joseph Badger was employed by the Synod for this purpose. He arrived at the settlements of the Indians in May, 1806,3 and met with a hospitable reception.

1 This statement is not intended to apply to the earliest efforts of the Synod. At the very session during which the society was formed, Joseph Patterson was appointed to visit the Shawanese Indians and to continue among them for five months; and Alexander Cook, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Ohio, was to visit and labor among them at Sandusky for the same period. Both visited their respective fields; but the reception they met was not what they expected, and both returned in less than two months. The Synod, however, did not abandon their project. Subsequent visits of the missionaries were better appreciated by the Indians.

2 Minutes of 1806.

3 Appendix to Minutes of 1807. Elliott's Life of Macurdy.