Becket, Thomas à continued.

to his see by Alexander III., and
during his exile assumes the Cis-
tercian habit at Pontigny, 102, 103.
Invested with the authority of le-
gate to England, 105. He excom-
municates some of the supporters of
Henry, condemns the Constitutions
of Clarendon, and menaces the king,
107. Henry fears an interdict; his
vigorous measures against the legate
Becket, 110. Distresses of the pri-
mate's dependants, 111. Becket re-
monstrates with Pope Alexander on
his measures, 112. He kneels be-
fore Henry, at an interview in
France, 114. He demands all con-
fiscations from himself and the min-
istry to be repaid, 116. Being re-
fused, he excommunicates many of
Henry's household, as well as the
bishops of London and Salisbury,
117. These censures well serve his
purposes, 118. His interview with
Henry in Touraine narrated, 122.
The king's concessions, who holds
Becket's stirrups in compliment, ib.
Reconciliation effected, 123. The
coronation of Prince Richard, with-
out the means desired by his Holi-
ness, offends Becket, 121, 126. He
suspends the bishops of London and
Salisbury, by excommunication, 117.
Second excommunication against
them sent by a nun, who precedes
Becket to England, 128. Indigna-
tion of the sheriff of Kent expressed
on this occasion to Becket, when
landing at Sandwich, ib. Hearty re-
ception by his flock at Canterbury,
129. His proposal to the suspended
bishops refused, and they embark
for Normandy, 130. Assassinated by
De Tracy and Brito, 132, et seq.
He was warned. of his peril, 132.
His heroism, 133, and death, 134.
He is declared a saint and mar-
tyr, 139. Jubilee in honour of him,
and pilgrims with offerings, 140.
Gold of his shrine, 262. False and
real skull, ib. Henry VIII. strikes
Becket's name from the Kalendar, ib.
Bede, quotations from the Venerable,
9, 21.

Bells, church, 288.

Benedict, St., rule of, 57.

Benedictine monasteries, 45, 51. Take
the lead of all monkish institutions,
by the mildness of their discipline,
57. Union of the order, under a
general, 58. They supersede the se-
cular clergy in their cures, 62.

Beningfield, Sir Henry, his severity to
Elizabeth when in his custody, 361.
Berenger opposes the doctrine of tran-
substantiation, 177.

Bernicia, description and history of the
northern kingdom of, 20-28. Laid

waste by Cadwallon, the Briton, 28.
Bertha, queen, causes the favourable
reception of Augustine at Canter-
bury, 16.

Bilney, Thomas, his study of divinity,
228. Grounds of his accusation, ib.

His recantation, ib. His new reso-
lution, ib. Charged with giving an
English New Testament, 229. Com-
forts himself by the words of Scrip-
ture, 230. Is burnt, 231. His dis-

ciples, Latimer, 242; and Lambert,
265.

Bishops, Augustine, 14-18. Melitus,
21. Laurentius, 22. Paulinus, 23-
27. Episcopal church government,
46. A cathedral is cause of Saxon
princes assuming the name of king,
ib. Theodore, archbishop of Canter-
bury, 47. The authority of bishops,
49. Chorepiscopi, or rural bishops,
ib. Chapters, or ecclesiastical courts,
held, ib. Power of Odo the pri-
mate, 58-60. Dunstan, archbishop
of Canterbury, 62. Lanfranc, 68, et
seq. Anselm, 76. Thomas à Becket,
82, et seq. The bishops endeavour
to conciliate Henry and Becket, but
fail against such stubborn tempers,
94-96. They transfer their obedi-
ence from the primate to the pope,
98. The bishops and barons give
support to Henry II., 103, 111.
Becket excommunicates the bishops
of London and Salisbury, 117. The
prelates quail before the legate's
power, 118. The coronation of
Prince Richard gives new umbrage
to Rome, 120, 134. The two pre-
lates again excommunicated and sus-
pended from their churches, 126.
The bishops, King John's time, in-
terdict the kingdom and fly, 146.
Its consequences among the people,
147. Archbishop Langton, 143–157.
Simon de Islip, 189. Simon Lang.
ham, ib. Archbishop Sudbury, 190;
is murdered in Wat Tyler's insurrec-
tion, 194. Succeeded by Courtney,
ib. Archbishop Arundel persecutes
the Lollards, 196. The merciless
Bishop Nix, 221, 229. Tonstal, Bi-
shop of London, 228, 233. Cardinal
Wolsey, 224, 237. Gardiner, 240.
Cranmer made primate, 241. First
mention of Protestant bishops, 255.

Bishops continued.

Latimer, 242, 260. Bishop Hooper,
285. Ridley, 286-299. The Pro-
testants bishops dispossessed, 303.
Conduct of bishops on the accession
of Elizabeth, 363, 366. The vacant
sees filled by Parker, Grindal, Cox,
Sands, Jewel, Parkhurst, and Pil-
kington, ib. The exiled Protestant
bishops return, 367. Elizabeth re-
plies to the expostulatory letter of
Bonner, Heath, and Tuberville, the
deprived bishops, 370. Archbishop
Whitgift, 391, 399. Bancroft, ib.,
413. Archbishop Abbot, ib. Laud,
archbishop of Canterbury, 419-428,
451-474. Episcopacy abolished by
the Puritans and Parliament, 480.
The vacant sees filled by Charles II.,
485. Sancroft primate, 497, 499.
The seven bishops committed by
James II., 502.

Bocher, Joan, condemned to the flames

by Cranmer and Edward VI., for de-
nying the humanity of Christ, 297.
Boleyn, Queen Anne, 225. Espoused
by Henry VIII., 227. How far the
Reformation was due to these nup-
tials, 242. Her patronage of Lati-
mer, ib.

Boleyn, Sir Thomas, 242.

Boniface, pope, sends missions and pre-

are

sents to the Anglo-Saxon kings, 24.
Bonner, bishop, his oath of fidelity to
Henry VIII. against the pope, 268.
Dismissed from his bishop's see, 285.
Restored, and tries such as
charged with heresies in the Marian
persecution, 304, 306, 337, 338, 341,
344, 360. Is imprisoned in the Mar-
shalsea, and is in great public odium,
371.

Borromeo, S. Carlo, 161.

Boughton, Joan, and her daughter,
Lady Young, burnt, 220.
Bourne, bishop of Bath, his ingratitude,
322.

Bower, Sir Martin, interrogates Anne
Askew, 270.

Bradford, John, affecting narrative of
his burning, 321-326.

Brætwalda, or paramount sovereign of
the Heptarchy, 19.
Bran, father of Caractacus, 8.
Branfield, Elias de, his mission to
Rome, 144.

Britons, origin unknown, 3. Religion,

4, 5. Domestic institutions, 6. Shake
off the Roman yoke to their loss,
13. Cadwallon, 28. Their hopes, ib.
Those established in Wales, 28, 36.
Broc, Ranulf de, excommunicated, 131.

Brooke, Lord, 446.

Brooks, bishop of Gloucester, tries Rid-
ley and Latimer, 330. On the new
commission against Cranmer, 346.
His speech, ib.
Bucer, opinions of, 286.
Bullinger, Swiss reformer, 308.
Burgess, Dr. Cornelius, 480.
Byrthelm, bishop of Dorchester, 61.

C.

Cadwallon, British king, defeats Edwin
and his Christian army, and ravages
Northumbria, 28. His own disaster,
and death, ib.

Calamy deputed by the Presbyterians
to Lord Clarendon, 488. His letter
intercepted, marks insincerity, ib.
Conferences, 489, 492.

Caledonian invasion of Britain, 11.
Calvin's approval of Cranmer's church
government, 296. His opinions, 388.
The irreversible decrees of Calvin-
ism, 420. Sour spirit of his doc-
trine, 422.

Cambridge, its schools established, 81.
The university demands that some of
the suppressed monasteries should be
made colleges, 260.

Campian, the Jesuit, executed, 381.
Canon law so employed by priests as to
protect themselves, 83.

Canterbury, royal city of, 17, 18.
Church music introduced, 34, 47.
Archbishop Theodore, ib. Cele-
brated school, ib. School instituted
by Theodore, seventh archbishop, ib.
Dunstan receives the pall from Pope
John XII., 62. Cathedral rebuilt
by Lanfranc, 71. History of Arch-
bishop Becket, 82-142. He is
assassinated in the cathedral, 134.
Upon the decease of Archbishop Hu-
bert, an important contest arose in
the election of rival candidates, be-
tween the king, pope, and the clergy,
144. The monks expelled, 146. See
BISHOPS.

Carthusians, or monks of Chartreux,
247.

Cartwright less violent in old age in his
religious dissent, 395, 399.

Cassian, his tenets modified in Semi-
pelagianism, 170.

Castro, F. Alonso de, confessor to Phi-
lip II., account of, 324.
Catharine of Arragon, queen of Henry
VIII., 225, et seq. She speaks of
her affection for the king when she
is dying, 254.

Catholic (Roman) faith. See ROME.
Cecil, Sir William, secretary to Eliza-
beth, 361, 367. Lord Burleigh, a
profound statesman, 374.
Celibacy of priests, 58, 62, 70, 79, 80,
266, 284. Their marriages declared
unlawful, 303. Non-observance of,
by Ministers of religion, one cause,
among others, of extreme persecution,
308, 315, 341, 347. Their marriages
declared lawful, 409.
Chapters' or bishops' courts, 49.
Charles I., accession of, 415. The
Commons refuse him supplies for
carrying on the war, ib. Danger
from the Puritans, ib. The king at-
tempts to govern without a Parlia-
ment, and raise resources by his pre-
rogative, 416. The Puritans occu-
pying many pulpits, broach the doc-
trine that preaching is necessary, and
Scripture without exposition of little
effect, 417. The commonalty crowd
to their sermons, ib. Tuning the
pulpits; Archbishop LAUD, 419,
421, 427. Persecution of, 451-462.
Trial and defence, 462-465. The
primate condemned to die, 466. He
is beheaded, 467-473. Charles I.
declares that no Papist should be
put to death, 421. His zeal for the
Protestant Church, ib. The Star-
chamber, and the promulgation of
the New Canons, offend the people,
423, 424. The Divine right of kings
declared, 425. The Scotch malcon-
tents; account of the Covenant, 429,

et seq.
Measures of the Parliament,
430. The trial of Strafford, 431;
and of Laud, 432-474. Protesta-
tion of Parliament to maintain the
true reformed religion, 433. Efforts
of the Puritans against the Church,
435-439. The Bishops' protest;
those who signed it sent to the
Tower by Parliament, 442. Bishops
deprived of their seats, ib.

The
queen Henrietta, ib. The assembly
of divines convoked, 442. Their mea-
sures, 443. The king unable to turn
the torrent of puritanical innovation,
442-449. He sends to Laud a par-
don, which the Parliament disallows,
466. He betakes himself to the
Scotch army, 479. Terms proposed
by the Presbyterians that he should
abolish Episcopacy, ib. He resolves
to maintain it, ib. Murder of the
king, 481. His advice to Prince
Charles concerning the Church, 483.
His vow, 484.

Charles II. recalled from exile, 482.

Charles II.-continued.

His declaration from Breda, 485,
490. Religious liberty offered by
Charles; is resisted by the opposing
sects, 486. They provoke the court
by their conduct, ib. Reports as to
his and James's religion being the
Popish, ib. Joy of the people at his
return, 487. Act of Uniformity pass-
ed, 491. Clause of renouncing the
Covenant occasions the Presbyterian
ministers to be deprived, ib. Some
of the wiser ministers conform and
are promoted, ib. Charles's new de-
claration of toleration, 492. The
Five-mile Act imposes an oath on
the clergy, 493. The Dissenters un-
able to take this oath, ib. Plots by
Algernon Sidney, and others, 494.
Conspirators executed, ib. The fire
of London, ib. Charles dies in the
Romish profession, 495.

Cheke, Sir John, preceptor to Edward
VI., 280.

Chester, Sir William, sheriff, 316.
Chillingworth, 448, 461.

Christ, the only efficient Mediator, 256.
Reverence made to his holy name,
436. The Puritans refuse to bow at
the name of Jesus, 442, 476.
Christianity introduced into Britain, 8.
First martyr, 9. Era of adoption at
Rome, 10. British and Irish saints,
fabulous, ib. Banished from the
Heptarchy, 12. Mission of Augus-
tine, 15, 16. Compared with heathen
rites, 20. Is established in all the
Saxon kingdoms, 29. Causes of its
general adoption by the Anglo-Saxon
princes, 30. The missionaries de-
scribed; their noble and zealous mo-
tives, 31. Moral and political bene-
fits obtained by its introduction, 33.
Use of the alphabet, ib. Latin em-
ployed by ecclesiastics, ib.; and by
the fathers of the Western Church
in their voluminous writings, 34.
Zeal and enthusiasm excited, 35.
Doctrinal corruptions and ceremonial
innovations, 37. Popularity, and ad-
mirable exertions of the ministers
and priests, 36. Augustine's doc-
trine, 17, 36. Government of the
Church, and application of tithes, 46,
47. Church government of the An-
glo-Saxons, 49. Its state in the age
of St. Dunstan, 57. Revolution in
monachism; change from austerity
to milder rule and comfort, ib. Mi-
racles of Dunstan, 62. Miracles
countenanced by Lanfranc, 72. State
of religion at Rome under Hilde-

Christ's Hospital founded by Edward
VI., 299.

Church, the, among the Britons, 8, 15,

16. St. Augustine, 15. Of the An-
glo-Saxons, 17-29. Advantages de-
rived therefrom to the nations of the
Heptarchy, 30-34. Corruptions, 37.
Of the Welsh, 36. Purity of the
Church long preserved, ib., 50. Ear-
ly church government in England,
episcopal, 46. Monasteries, cathe-
drals, endowments of land, ib. Ob-
lations and origin of tithes, ib. Re-
ligious and charitable purposes of,
46, 47. Church property; churches
vested in the founders, 48. Glebe
lands, ib. Building, endowing, and
dependence of churches, ib. Eccle-
siastical government, 49. Advance-
ment of learning, 48, 50. Monas-
teries plundered, 50. Monachism;
era of Dunstan, 51. Pious bequests
of lands to him, transferred to the
Abbey of Glastonbury, 56. He pur-
poses to reform the Church with a
view to curb the licentiousness of its
ministers, 58. The prelacy overturn
the power of King Edwy, 61. Strug-
gle between the regular and secular
clergy, 62. Bishop Beornelm sup-
ports the secular ministers; Dun-
stan's reply, 63. Changes in the
prelacy by William of Normandy, 68.
A liturgy established in the Anglo-
Norman churches, 72. The right of
investiture of prelates disputed, 77,
79. Homage to kings for the tem-
poralities of bishops' sees, 79. De-
cay of discipline; no councils held;
Archbishop Anselm's reforms, ib.
Severity of canons, ib. Celibacy of
clergy enforced, ib. Henry I. realizes
a tax on clergy who retained their
wives, 80. State of the Church on
the accession of Henry II., 82. Cler-
gy exempt from secular jurisdiction,
ib. Immunity and privileges of the
order of clergy, 86. Constitutions of
Clarendon declared, 88. They rec-
tify the concessions of King Stephen
to the pontiff of Rome, 90. Henry
II.'s quarrel with Becket and the
pope nearly dissolves the union of
the Church with Rome, 103-134.
Excommunications by Becket, 107.
Account of this tyranny, and the law
in relation to it, 108. Interdict, and

Church-continued.

deposition of kings, 110. Impostures
recorded with regard to the death of
Becket, 139. Jubilee in remem-
brance of him, 140. Usurpations of
the Romish Church in the reign of
King John, 144-157. The papal
system; its doctrine and practice,
159-180. Ritual of the Western
Church, 162. Relics, 163. Purga-
tory, 173. Pilgrimage, 174. Masses
for diseased persons, ib. Legends,

ib. Corruptions which led to the
reformation of the Romish Church,
173-180, 185. Rise of the Reform-
ation, 181. Foreigners possessed of
the benefices, 187. Church lands
exempt from burdens, ib. Account of
Wicliffe, 188. His attack on the Rom-
ish Church, 190. Fate of Lord Cob-
ham, 201, et seq. His opinion on the
sacrament of the Lord's supper, and
the question of transubstantiation;
also that of the then Church of Eng-
land on the same, 204, 206. Chris-
tian faith designated faith in transub-
stantiation, 215. The papal power
in England overthrown by Henry
VIII. and his successors, 222, et seq.
The temporal lands of the Church in
danger of confiscation, 222, 223.
Penalties of the Statute of Præmu-
nire, 222, 227. The clergy acknow-
ledge the supremacy of Henry VIII.,
227. The translations of Scripture
create a spirit in favour of Church re-
form, 228, 230, 233. Progress of
public opinion causes an Act to re-
strain the clergy from persecutions,
without presentments, 243. The ques-
tion of the king's supremacy proves
fatal to Fisher and More, 249, 250.
Confiscation of the possessions of the
lesser convents, 253, 254. Both
houses of Convocation; their acts,
255. Articles and tenets of the Church
set forth, just preceding the Reform-
ation, ib. The convents produced
advocates for the reformed religion,
254. Trials regarding transubstan-
tiation, 264. The Six Articles enu-
merated, 266, 292. The Roman-
ists still possessing influence with
Henry VIII., the pulpit became a
place of controversy, 275. Images,
and shrines, and pilgrimages dis-
countenanced on the accession of
Edward VI., 282. Licences to
preach, ib. Office of the commu-
nion, 284. Liturgy, ib. Communion
table, 286. Laymen, 288. Chan-
tries, free-chapels, and colleges con-

Church-continued.

ferred upon the king, 289. The
bishops' lands protected by Edward
VI., 290. Insurrection for a re-
sumption of some old religious ob-
servances, 292-295. A Latin ser-
vice or liturgy demanded, 292, 294.
Episcopacy, 296. The Protestant
bishops and ministers dispossessed
of their sees and churches, 303. The
martyrs in the time of Mary I., ib.,
et seq.

See ELIZABETH. Toleration,
its principle first recognised, 386.
Anabaptists burnt in the reign of
Elizabeth, ib. Founders of the Eng-
lish Church described, 387, 388. Cal-
vin, 388. The Nonconformists, ib.,
391. The Puritans, 391, 397. James
I.; state of religious parties, 396.
He holds a conference at Hampton
Court with the prelates, 398. Book
of Common Prayer, ib. Next he
hears the Puritans on the Articles of
the Church, ib. The Lambeth Ar-
ticles, 399. King James's speech on
his supremacy, 406. The High
Court of Commission, ib. Dissatis-
faction of the Puritans, 408. Mar-
riage of clergy declared lawful, 409.
The gunpowder treason, 411. The
Jesuit Garnet executed, 412. See
PURITANS, 388-423. Influence of
the pulpit, and ambition of the Pu-
ritans to preach, 417, 418. Lec-
turers established out of the Impro-
priation Purchase Fund, 418. The
feoffment of these being declared il-
legal, and confiscation recurring,
Archbishop Laud becomes thereby
unpopular, 419. See LAUD, 419-
416, 422-474. No papist to be ex-
ecuted for religion, 421. The clergy
leavened with the sour spirit of Cal-
vinism, 422. The Communion table,
423. The Star-chamber, ib. The
new canons promulgated; give of-
fence to the nation, 425, 431. Oath
proposed to the clergy to maintain
the doctrine and discipline of the
established Church, ib. Dr. Man-
waring's political sermon, for which
he is fined and suspended from his
duty, ib. The established Church
supported by the authority of Laud,
427. Religious malcontents in Scot-
land, 429. The Covenant, ib.
rebellion prepared by the Covenant-
ers, 430. Bill against the Bishops
voting, 432. The High Commission
Court abolished, 433. Puritans at-
tack the Book of Common Prayer,
communion table, chancel, and refuse

Α

Church-continued.

to bow at the name of Jesus, 435,
436. Episcopacy attacked, 439. De-
fence of the bishops, ib. They are
by a bill deprived of their seats in
parliament, 442. The "Assembly of
Divines," ib., 475. The clergy eject-
ed from their livings, 448. Some
perishing of hunger, some murdered,
somè imprisoned, 449. Confined in
ships, ib. Some sold as slaves in
Barbadoes, ib. Death of Laud, ib.
The liturgy superseded by a direc-
tory, 474. The Presbyterians, 477.
The Erastians, ib. The Independ-
ents, ib.

Charles I.'s commands to
the prince relative to the Church,
483. Impropriations held by the
Crown, 484. Alterations in the Book
of Common Prayer made by the re-
stored bishops, 489. Conferences be-
tween the prelates and the Presby-
terians, 487, 489. Charles II. refers
to Parliament to pass an act for set-
tling the Church affairs, 490. The
Dissenters, 495. James II. takes
overt steps towards re-establishing
Popery, 497, 498. Declaration for
liberty of conscience; abolishing
tests, 499. Sancroft the primate's
petition presented to the king, ib.,
500. The Seven Bishops; their in-
terview with James, 500. He com-
mands his Declaration to be pub-
lished, 501. He summons the Seven
Bishops on a charge of misdemeanour,
and commits them to the Tower,
501, 502. Enthusiasm of the peo-
ple in their cause, on the way to
Westminster Hall, 503. Their pe-
tition declared to be libellous by the
Chief Justice, but they are acquitted
by the jury, 505. Exultation of the
people, ib. Sancroft the primate
shows the Dissenters their danger
from Popery if it were to be re-estab-
lished, 508. Interview of James and
the bishops; attempt at conciliation,
508-510. James summons a par-
liament too late, 512. He flies, 513.
The Revolution, 514, 515. Security
of the Church, 516.
Churches, dilapidation of the Saxon, 81.
Windows of painted glass required
a grander architecture in the new
edifices, ib. Reparation of, 427.
The Puritans deface the churches,
416, 447.
Clarendon, great council assembled at,
near Salisbury, 88. Question before
it; the royal customs, i. e. privileges,
89.
Constitutions of Clarendon ;