Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic SystemsOUP Oxford, 26.06.2008 - 224 Seiten This book is based on the premise that the entropy concept, a fundamental element of probability theory as logic, governs all of thermal physics, both equilibrium and nonequilibrium. The variational algorithm of J. Willard Gibbs, dating from the 19th Century and extended considerably over the following 100 years, is shown to be the governing feature over the entire range of thermal phenomena, such that only the nature of the macroscopic constraints changes. Beginning with a short history of the development of the entropy concept by Rudolph Clausius and his predecessors, along with the formalization of classical thermodynamics by Gibbs, the first part of the book describes the quest to uncover the meaning of thermodynamic entropy, which leads to its relationship with probability and information as first envisioned by Ludwig Boltzmann. Recognition of entropy first of all as a fundamental element of probability theory in mid-twentieth Century led to deep insights into both statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, the details of which are presented here in several chapters. The later chapters extend these ideas to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics in an unambiguous manner, thereby exhibiting the overall unifying role of the entropy. |
Inhalt
1 Introduction | 1 |
2 Some clarification from another direction | 15 |
3 The probability connection | 21 |
4 Equilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics | 34 |
5 The presumed extensivity of entropy | 59 |
6 Nonequilibrium states | 69 |
7 Steadystate processes | 89 |
8 Sources and timedependent processes | 99 |
11 Irreversibility relaxation and the approach to equilibrium | 142 |
12 Entropy production and dissipation rates | 160 |
Perturbation theory | 174 |
Dissipative currents and Galilean invariance | 181 |
Analytic continuation of covariance functions | 189 |
References | 193 |
205 | |
207 | |
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Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems, Band 10 Walter T. Grandy, Jr. Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2008 |
Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems Walter T. Grandy, Jr. Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2012 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
Boltzmann calculation canonical distribution Chapter classical thermodynamics Clausius commute conservation laws considered constant correlation function covariance function d³x defined definition density matrix depends derivative described discussion dissipation dynamics entropy production equations of motion equilibrium system example expectation values explicitly expression extensive external source fluctuations Galilean transformations Gibbs given gradient greatest number Hamiltonian heat hence identical independent information entropy initial integral irreversibility Jaynes Lagrange multiplier limit linear approximation macroscopic macroscopic constraints macroscopic system maximum entropy maximum information entropy means measure microstates nonequilibrium processes nonlinear noted number density Onsager operator perturbation phase physical system possible predicted probability distribution probability theory properties provides quantity quantum relaxation result right-hand side scenario Second Law simple fluid space-time stationary statistical mechanics steady-state symmetry temperature tensor theorem thermal driving thermal equilibrium thermodynamic entropy thermodynamic system time-dependent variables volume yields