is enlarged upon by Hotspur, as likening him to "a very limb lopp'd off."

I am on fire,

To hear his rich reprisal is so nigh."

A reprisal is the forcible taking of property or other thing from one nation, by another, in satisfaction for an injury committed by the former on the latter. The reprisal mentioned here is in the nature of a general reprisal, which is made by virtue of a commission delivered to officers or citizens of the aggrieved state or nation, directing them to take the person or property belonging to the offending state or nation, wherever it can be found.3

Sec. 231. Counterfeit.

"Fal.

Counterfeit? I lie, I am no counterfeit: To die is to be a counterfeit; for he is but a counterfeit of a man, who has not the life of a man: but to counterfeit dying, when a man thereby liveth, is to be no counterfeit, but the true and perfect image of life indeed."

In the criminal law, a counterfeit is something made false, in the semblance of that which is true.

To make

"Cade.

Cade thus refers to the kingdom, in 2' Henry VI: thereby is England maimed, and fain to go with a staff," etc. (Act IV, Scene II.)

The earl of Surrey, tells Cardinal Wolsey, in King Henry VIII: "Sur. First, that, without the king's assent or knowledge, you wrought to be a legate; by which power, you maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops." (Act III, Scene II.)

Upon being assaulted by Iago, in Othello, Roderigo cries: "I am maim'd forever:-Help, ho." (Act V, Scene I.)

11' Henry IV, Act IV, Scene I.

21 Bl. Comm. c. 7.

"Wheaton, Int. Law; 2 Vattel, Law Nations, sec. 342.

1' Henry IV, Act V, Scene IV.

5 Viner, Abr. Counterfeit.

something counterfeit always implies a fraudulent intent, which of course is a necessary ingredient of every criminal act. The distinction noted by Falstaff is based upon the very essential definition of a criminal counterfeit, for a live man would not bear the same semblance as a dead man, as the essential of life would be present and only a dead man could be a true counterfeit of one without life, in the true sense of a legal counterfeit.

Prince John thus addressed the archbishop of York, in 2' Henry IV: "P. John. You have taken up, under the counterfeited zeal of God, The subjects of his substitution, my father." (Act IV, Scene II.)

Gower said of Pistol, in Henry V: "Why, this is an arrant counterfeit rascal; I remember him now; a bawd, a cut-purse." (Act III, Scene VI.)

Gower said to Pistol, in Henry V: "Gow. Go, go-you are a counterfeit cowardly knave." (Act V, Scene I.)

Speaking of Margaret, Suffolk said, in 1' Henry VI: "Suff. As plays the sun, upon the glassy streams, Twinkling another counterfeited beam, So seems this gorgeous beauty to mine eyes." (Act V, Scene III.)

Richard says of Clifford, in 3' Henry VI: "Rich. . 0, would be did; and so, perhaps, he doth; 'Tis but his policy to counterfeit." (Act II, Scene VI.)

Buckingham tells Gloster, in King Richard III: "Buck. Tut, I can counterfeit the deep tragedian." (Act III, Scene V.)

Thersites says to Patroclus, in Troilus and Cressida: "Ther. If I could have remembered a gilt counterfeit, thou would'st not have slipped out of my contemplation." (Act II, Scene III.)

Timon of Athens tells the Poet and Painter: "Tim. Thou draw'st a counterfeit, best in all Athens; thou art, indeed, the best: thou counterfeit'st most lively." (Act V, Scene I.)

Coriolanus tells the citizens from whom he seeks support: "Cor... and since the wisdom of their choice is rather to have my hat than my heart, I will practice the insinuating nod, and be off to them most counterfeitly; that is sir, I will counterfeit the bewitchment of some popular man, and give it bountifully to the admirers." (Act II, Scene III.)

Romeo asks Benvolio and Mercutio: both. What counterfeit did I give you?"

"Good-morrow to you (Act II, Scene IV.)

Sec. 232. Death by judicial sentence.

"King. Bear Worcester to the death, and Vernon too; Ŏther offenders we will pause upon.'

The king's orders respecting the fate of the Earl of Worcester and Sir Richard Vernon, was equivalent to a direction to place them upon speedy trial for their treason and in a summary manner accomplish their death by judicial sentence.2 The trials of such prisoners were hardly trials, even in names, because when the victorious army or the head of such an army desired to accomplish the death of any of the prisoners taken, at this period, it was undertaken and carried out, with but little delay.

11' Henry IV, Act V, Scene V.

2 Rolfe's First Part of King Henry IV, p. 256, notes.

Cloten says to Guiderius, in Cymbeline:

"Die the death:

When I have slain thee with my proper hand,

I'll follow those that even now fled hence."

(Act IV, Scene II.)

CHAPTER XIX.

"SECOND PART OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH."

Sec. 233. Accomplices.

"Mor. The lives of all your loving complices

Lean on your health; the which, if you give o'er
To stormy passion, must perforce decay."

An accomplice is one who is, in some way, concerned in the commission of a crime, but not as principal. In its broader sense the term includes all persons concerned in the commission of the crime, either as principals or accessories, before or after the fact and this is the sense in which it is used here, the word "complices," being a mere contraction of the word accomplices.

12' Henry IV, Act I, Scene I.

21 Russell, Crimes, 21.

3 4 Bl. Comm. 331.

A Messenger, thus greets the French Dauphin and soldiers, in 1' Henry VI: "Mess. Success unto our valiant general, and happiness to his accomplices." (Act V, Scene II.)

Sec. 234. Assurance-Security.—

"Page. He said, sir, you should procure him better assurance than Bardolph: he would not take his bond and yours; he liked not the security.

Fal.

To bear a gentleman in hand and then stand upon security: the whoreson smooth-pates do now wear nothing but high shoes and a bunch of keys at their girdles; and if a man is thorough with them, in honest taking up, then they must stand uponsecurity. I had as lief they put rats-bone in my mouth, as offer to stop it with security. I looked he should have sent me two and twenty yards of satin, as I am a true knight, and he sends me security. Well, he may sleep in security."

Assurance is here used in the sense of indemnity or insurance and not as an instrument of conveyance or warranty of property conveyed, as it is more properly used, in a strictly legal meaning. A security is that which renders a matter sure or certain as an instrument which guarantees the performance of a certain contract. It is used, also, to apply to a person who engages to see to the performance of another's agreement and this is the sense. in which Falstaff uses it in the above lines.

Young Clifford, thus urges his father, in 2' Henry VI: "Y. Cliff. And so, to arms, victorious father,

To quell the rebels and their 'complices." (Act V, Scene I.) Edward thus replies to Warwick, in 3' Henry VI: "K. Edw. Yet, Warwick, in despite of all mischance, Of thee thyself, and all thy 'complices, Edward will always bear himself as king." (Act IV, Scene III.)

12' Henry IV, Act I, Scene II.

22 Bl. Comm. 294.

'Bouvier's Law Dictionary.

3 Blackf. (Ind.) 431.

Lord Scroop remonstrated against the liberation of a prisoner, King Henry V, asked to be liberated, as follows: "Scroop. That's mercy, but too much security: Let him be punished, Sovereign, lest example, breed, by his sufferance, more of such a kind." (Act II, Scene II.)