township of Tungkillo (the seat of the company's works) is increasing in extent. Schools have been established, and nothing can be more gratifying than the rapid progress which the children are making-both in the ordinary branches of education and in religious instruction. The lord bishop has arranged for a monthly visit to Tungkillo, by a clergyman, and a Wesleyan minister also attends once a month regularly. By subscriptions among the people, a useful Sunday-school library has been established. The miners' library, liberally provided by the directors, has proved very acceptable, and is calculated to have very beneficial results; the subscribers voluntarily pay one shilling a month towards the expenses of the institution, and one shilling entrance.

PROGRESS OF EMIGRATION AND COLONISATION. Several letters, addressed to the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, have been recently received at the office of the Female Emigrant Fund, in reply to communications made to the colonies soon after the institution had commenced its operations. The accounts from the Cape colony are particularly encouraging; and the committee have decided on the immediate selection of fifty young women for emigration thither; and it is intended that thay shall be despatched on or about the 15th of next month. Governor Sir Harry Smith and Dr. Gray, the Bishop of Cape Town, have manifested extreme interest in the operations of the committee. The Bishop writes as follows, under date April 25th:-" The class of persons in whom you are interested is one which is much needed in this colony. I have no hesitation in saying that a very large number of females of good character, who would take the situations of household servants, at wages at least equal to what you give in England, would in a few weeks be absorbed. We shall be quite prepared to employ as many as you are likely to be able to send us, and I am sure that if they come as you propose, not more than thirty at a time, with characters (which should be sent with them, and addressed to me), they will all be engaged within a day or two of their arrival. The communications from New South Wales are of an equally cheering character, as will be seen by the subjoined extract. Dr. Broughton, the Bishop of Sidney, writes, on the 6th of May:-"The following observations are founded on data supplied by an analytical view of the census of New South Wales for 1846, the last which has been taken under legislative sanction. The total population of New South Wales, including Port Philip and the crews of colonial vessels, was then shown to be (in round numbers) 189,000; viz., males 114,000,

females 75,000. The proportion of females born in the colony was 14 per cent beyond that of males. The arrival of female emigrants during the year 1849 has exceeded that of males by nearly 18 per cent. Supposing such causes to have been in operation during 1847, 8, 9, (since the census was made up), the ratio of the sexes at the present time may be as females 5, males 7, instead of 5-8, as in 1846. Still, therefore, there is an alarming disproportion; and it must be the prayer of every friend of virtue and morality, that this inroad upon the appointment of the Almighty may not be continued. I see every probability that within the limits of the settled counties, several hundreds of women acquainted with household work, if they were of unblemished characters, would readily find engagement in respectable places, where they would be well maintained and attended to until they should dispose of themselves more to their advantage.

Information has also been received of the arrival at Toronto, under the care of Mr. A'Court, of those emigrants who were sent out to Canada in the Elspeth, and, further, that they had all obtained places within a week:-and intelligence has arrived from Port Philip, stating that the Culloden, the first ship despatched to that quarter, was hourly expected, and that the colonists were ready and anxious to receive her emigrants.

The Slanes Castle, the first ship sent out by the Family Colonisation Society, founded by Mrs. Chisholm, sailed on the 30th of September, from Gravesend for Australia.

The Emigration from the Western and Southern parts of Ireland, goes on without abatement. This month two vessels have sailed from Galway for New York, each carrying nearly 250 possingers, many of them belonging to the better class of farmers. The Tipperary Free Press thus speaks of the flight from the southern district :-"The tide of emigration from this unfortunate land to the colonies and the United States is swelling beyond measure. No conception can be formed of it by the vast number of families which pass through both town and country en route to Waterford, &c., day after day, as the great emigration movements principally take place by night! On Wednesday night the watchman on duty in this town counted no less than 54 horses and carts laden with living souls and baggage, all destined for a foreign land; and when so many have passed through Clonmel in one night only, what estimation can be made of those who have travelled for the same purpose through the various highways leading to the ports which branch off at some distance from this town?"

NARRATIVE OF FOREIGN EVENTS.

THE position of parties in France is unchanged. The month has been filled with the intrigues and counterintrigues of the minister-at-war and the commander-in-chief, and with Louis Napoleon's attempts upon the army by means of chickens and champagne. But the end of the month leaves matters much as they were at its beginning; except that at last the poor President is fain to announce, officially, his intention to remain perfectly quiet and attempt no coup d'état, but to wait in patience for such fortune as the Assembly may choose to provide for him.

Of German affairs in their present state it is hardly possible to speak, so as to render what is said in the remotest degree intelligible. But the still lingering Schleswig-Holstein dispute has furnished excuse for an insolent threat on the part of Russia and France which may yet unite Germany and strengthen Prussia, in spite of her poor imbecile king; and the gallant people of the little Electorate of Hesse Cassel maintain still their attitude of calm resistance, in spite of the open bullying of declared foes and the timid hesitation of cowardly friends. Time must bring forth the rest.

California is added to the American Union, and the opponents of slavery exult in another free state. But their richer harvest of triumph is arrived, as we predicted that it would, in the agitation against the Fugitive Slave Act. North and South, East and West, the abolitionists are now more active, resolute, and powerful than ever. Even the advocates of the law do not fail to perceive this, and already coolly declare themselves prepared for "an agitation of a most fearful, revolutionary, and bloodthirsty character." Sooner or later we believe that it will be all this. But have the more prudent class of American Statesmen considered it in that light, or prepared themselves sufficiently for the very possible, and perhaps not very distant result?

News froin China comes over so high a wall, that it never comes but imperfectly. There is a pretty well authenticated rumour, however, of rebellious doings in the south; and that the insurgents, led on by a new aspirant to the Empire, have worsted the regular troops in more than one engagement. An usurper generally makes so excellent a prince that it may possibly be for the interest of us all to wish success to the rebel.

She was in her 39th year, having been born at Palermo, on the 3rd of April, 1812. She was married to Leopold, King of the Belgians, on the 11th of August, 1832; and has constantly enjoyed, in the highest degree, the love and respect of her adopted nation. The deceased Queen has left behind her three children, of ages varying from eleven to sixteen. They are the Duke of Brabant, the Count de Flandres, and the Princess Charlotte; one child died in early infancy. The loss of the Queen will be the more severely felt, as the education of the royal children was under her own superintendence. The visits of the Queen of the Belgians to this country were frequent, and her virtues much endeared her to our Queen Victoria.

and the leaves of others withered. As it was naturally considered that a subterranean fire must be burning under the forest, the officers charged with the inspection of it caused large trenches to be cut. This conjecture turned out to be well-founded, for the fire soon afterwards burst forth, and still continued its ravages. The forest presented the appearance of a vast sea of flame, which was every day extending. The country round to the extent of six leagues was perfectly illuminated, and it has been found impossible to stop the progress of the fire.

The crisis in the affairs of Electoral Hesse continues, and the accounts of the present state of things are confused and contradictory. The Elector remains with his The war between Denmark and the Duchies is bloody minister Hassenpflug, at Wilhelmsbad, his provincial and disastrous. The army of Schleswig-Holstein has seat of government, while the people of Cassel persist made several attempts to take the city of Friedrichstadt in their opposition to his measures. There have been by storm, none of which have been successful, and the signs of indecision on his part, and at one time he was losses sustained by General Willisen have been consi- said to have even contemplated abdication. There were derable, particularly in officers. After bombarding part also some expectations of his dismissing his obnoxious of the town during the whole of the 4th inst., the town ministers and consenting to the formation of a more was in the evening attacked by two battalions of infantry popular government. With this view, it was underand a detachment of riflemen. After a desperate struggle, stood, he sent for M. Elwers, a high judicial functionary in which both sides must have suffered very heavy of liberal tendencies, who, it was hoped, would be losses, the Danes gave way a little, but only to seek the instrumental in forming a new cabinet; but this hope cover of new entrenchments and barricades thrown was disappointed, and M. Elwers had returned to Cassel. up in the middle of the town. The resistance which Dr. Oetker, the editor of a liberal journal, had been they met with here was so violent and determined, that arrested by order of Haynau, and the Upper Court of notwithstanding the most brilliant bravery, the Schles- Cassel had summoned the commandant of the city to wig-Holsteiners were compelled to retire at midnight. effect his liberation, but at the last accounts he still They took up a new position somewhat in advance of remained in prison. The officers of the garrison had the old, and the conflict was renewed on the following remonstrated with Haynau upon his proceedings, and morning, but with no better success. The troops ad- had received for answer that he was determined to vanced in three columns, and the Danes opened a severe persist in his course. On this, to the number of two fire along their whole line of defences. Before coming hundred, they had tendered their resignations, which to close quarters the captain of the 6th battalion fell, were transmitted by Haynau to the Elector, but his mortally wounded, and the men he commanded were decision on the subject had not been received. There driven out of a small entrenchment they had taken pos- is much uncertainty, too, about the views of Austria session of. The 15th battalion was thrown into disorder and Prussia in regard to the affairs of Hesse Cassel. and retreated, their ammunition-car having exploded and Very recent intelligence was to the effect that these two caused great havoc. It received no support from any other powers had come to an understanding that Hassenpflug troops, in consequence of a bridge between the Chaussée should be dismissed from his office of minister; and that and the Blockhaus having fallen in. A retreat was sounded any military intervention in Hesse, if necessary, would on perceiving new lines of defence not previously known be by Prussia and Austria jointly. According to the of. The fighting continued till near midnight. Sixteen last accounts from Cassel, however, an invasion of officers out of twenty belonging to the 5th battalion were Austrian and Bavarian troops was daily expected, for slain. General Christiansen covered the retreat with his the purpose of supporting the Elector against his battery, while the flames of the burning city cast a subjects. ghastly light upon the retiring troops. After the failure of this desperate assault, General Willisen withdrew his troops from before Friedrichstadt. The heavy guns were taken back to Rendsburg, and the two armies were again in the same position they occupied before the 29th of September; the only result having been the almost total destruction of the unfortunate town, and the loss of many brave men on both sides.

A frightful calamity has occurred at the place of pilgrimage called Herrgott, in Austria. At one of the public-houses the pilgrims (of whom 3,000 were assembled at Herrgott) were spending the night in eating and drinking. While baking the fish the oven took fire. Behind the inn were a number of stables and barns, in which hundreds of the pilgrims were reposing, and almost all perished in the flames, which rose so rapidly through the thatched roofs, fanned by a strong wind, that there was no possibility of raising ladders to attempt to rescue a single person. Many threw themselves from the lofts, and, with broken limbs, half consumed with fire, flew hither and thither with the most piteous cries. Scarcely half of the pilgrims were saved, and those who survived have for the most part been much injured.

From Poland there is a singular account of a forest on fire. Near Cracow, adjoining the line of railway, there is a large peat ground, part of which runs below an immense forest. About the middle of last month some sparks from a locomotive engine were blown in that direction, and fell on the peat, the surface of which had been dried by the heat of the weather. A few days after, the ground in the forest was found to be very warm, and some rumbling and crackling noises were heard. Several large trees fell as if cut down by an axe,

The opening of the States-General of the Netherlands took place at the Hague on the 7th, by the King in person. The speech from the throne announced that the relations of the country with all foreign powers were satisfactory, and that as regarded the Duchy of Limburg, the difficulties which had arisen from the convulsed state of Germany were in course of arrangement by such negotiations as would best suit the interest and honour of the Low Countries. Trade was described as prosperous, and flattering hopes were put forth as to the future effects of the new navigation laws. The financial situation was satisfactory; the expected excess would cover the deficiencies left by the preceding year.

At a secret Consistory, held at Rome on the 30th of September, the following Cardinals were appointed: Monseigneur Paul Therese David d'Astros, Archbishop of Toulouse; Jean Joseph Bonnel y Orbo, Archbishop of Toledo; Joseph Cosenza, Archbishop of Capua; Jacques Marie Adrien César Mathieu, Archbishop of Besançon; Jude-Joseph Romo, Archbishop of Seville; Thomas Gousset, Archbishop of Rheims; MaximilianJoseph Godefroi, Archbishop of Olmutz in Moravia; Jean Geissel, Archbishop of Cologne; Peter Paul de Figueredo de Cunha e Mello, Archbishop of Braga in Portugal; Nicolas Wiseman, Archbishop of Westminster in England, a metropolitan see recently formed by the Pope; Joseph Pecci, Bishop of Bugio; Melchior de Diepenbrock, Bishop of Breslaw. Cardinal Wiseman is to return to England, to occupy his metropolitan see; and the whole of England has been portioned into Romish Episcopal Sees.

M. Franzoni, Archbishop of Turin, has been sentenced to banishment from the Sardinian territories, and the archiepiscopal possessions forfeited to the Crown. Thirteen judges out of fourteen pronounced the condemnation of M. Franzoni, who was escorted to the frontier on the 30th ult. The arrival of the Archbishop at Briançon, Hautes Alpes, is announced in the French papers. The same course has been pursued with the Archbishop of Cagliari, who had imitated the conduct of Franzoni, and even gone the length of excommunicating the authorities who called him to account. Sentence of banishment was pronounced against him, and he was put on board a steamer and sent to Civita Vecchia. The vacant sees are administered by the state department of the Apostolic Economiat-General.

The Representative Constitution and the Liberty of the Press have been destroyed in Tuscany. On the 23d ult. two Decrees were promulgated: the first announced the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, and declared that till a fresh convocation of the legislature, all power would be exercised by the Grand Duke in the Council of State. The second declared that no journal or periodical should be published without first obtaining the written authorisation of the Minister of the Interior, to whom the names and other circumstances of the director and of the proprietor of the printing establishment are to be communicated.

tion, and was producing great excitement among the coloured population, and large public meetings had been held in New York and other cities, at some of which, resolutions advising resistance to the Government officers were passed. A vast number of fugitive slaves were escaping into the British North American possessions.-It was said to be likely that Frederick Douglas, the well-known anti-slavery lecturer, would be apprehended under the new act, unless he escaped to Canada. Congress, before its adjournment, passed the Bill to suppress the slave trade in the district of Columbia, which completes the series of measures proposed by Mr. Clay in his "Compromise Bill" for the settlement of the slavery question.-A bill was also passed prohibiting the lash in the naval service, and abolishing the use of ardent spirits, except in the cabin.

Advices from Texas of the 20th ult. state that the passage of Pearce's Boundary Bill by the United States Congress had been announced to the legislature, and the indications were that it would be passed. The papers state that the popular feeling was decidedly in favour of accepting the propositions of the United States Congress.

A

A serious disturbance had taken place at Sacramento city in California. A number of "squatters" had occupied and erected buildings on grounds to which, it was contended, other parties had rights. A writ of ejection was obtained against them, but they resisted its execution, and a sanguinary conflict ensued, in which the mayor of the city, and the leader of the squatters, were killed, and a number of persons wounded. report, that the city had been burnt, proves unfounded. The American steam-packet, Pacific, as she was leaving New York on the 28th of September, was detained for a day, by a Calamitous Accident. As she was passing out of the dock she struck the wharf, broke down a large shed, and injured herself considerably. There were several hundred people under the shed, and the moment the crash commenced a general panic took place. Many persons in their fright jumped overboard into the river. Some were rescued, but two men were crushed to death in a most horrible manner, by the falling beams under the shed.

Jenny Lind had sung at several Concerts at New York and Boston, and has been received with an enthusiasm that beggars anything ever witnessed in this country. At both the above places the tickets of admission were sold by auction; at New York, one Genin, a hatter, purchased one seat for 225 dollars; and at Boston a Mr. Dodge, a music-seller, was the buyer of a seat at the price of 625 dollars-1251. sterling! This looks like mere madness; but there must be something under it which does not appear.

A Tragical Occurrence has taken place at Kruziewis, in the Grand Duchy of Posen. At the commencement of the Russian campaign in Hungary, twelve Circassian noblemen engaged as volunteers in the Russian Circassian regiment, and returned to Warsaw decorated for good conduct. The campaign having terminated, they wished to return home; but they were detained, and placed in the same category as the common Circassians, serving in the army. All their prayers and remonstrances, even to the Emperor himself, remained unheeded. On the 28th September they quitted Warsaw, and passed the frontier cordon, a distance of thirty German miles, next day, after leaving two comrades killed by their pursuers. On the 1st of October, they arrived at Kruziewis, and were conducted by a gendarme before the Landrath. They expressed a wish to be conducted to Berlin, and there disarmed; but the Landrath refused, and expressed his intention of sending them back to Poland. They were then led to the barracks, but nothing could induce them to enter the barrack-yard. The squadron of dragoons quartered at that place received orders to mount and surround them. The moment the dragoons arrived, one of them fired on the Circassians. The Circassians, who were mounted, now galloped out of the town, pursued by the dragoons. One of their horses, already nearly exhausted, fell near the Landrath's office, and a Circassian was shot; so also was the dragoon. A little further on, two more Circassians were killed, and two wounded taken. The remaining five took refuge in a farm-house, after letting loose their horses. They refused to surrender, and prepared for defence. The dragoons seeing this, set fire to the outhouses, and then to the barns and stables, but the house in which the poor men had taken refuge, could not be burned, as they prevented all approach with their rifles. The other buildings burned all night, but the five Circassians still held out. At length infantry was sent for, and during the night of the 1st and 2nd a detachment of forty men arrived from Bromberg. Measures were taken for burning down the house, and they succeeded. Deprived of their last refuge, the Circassians rushed upon their enemies. One of them killed a foot soldier, and was killed himself, pierced with balls. The remainder, pierced with wounds, were at length captured, and brought into Kruziewis on waggons. The barba-promote by periodical exhibitions, improvements in the rous conduct of the Prussian authorities is attempted to be justified by the cartel between Russia and Prussia for the capture and mutual surrender of deserters.

Advices from the Sandwich Islands reach to the 22nd of June, and describe in the highest terms their rapidly increasing prosperity. Liability to desertion continued to cause the visits of whaling ships to be less frequent, but the extraordinary growth of a more permanent commerce in connection with California, and indirectly with Australia, New Zealand, Calcutta, China, and the Indian Seas, rendered this of no account. The Harbour of Honolulu, which at particular seasons used to be entirely deserted, was now at all times a scene of activity from the arrivals and departures of merchantmen, and the construction of additional wharves had become necessary. Many new buildings were in the course of erection, and the cultivation of vegetable produce was stimulated to the utmost by the fact that supplies of all kinds were taken off as fast as they could be raised. To aid the extension of agricultural operations, a public assembly was fixed to be held in Honolulu on the 12th of August, for the purpose of forming an association to collect implements and machinery, plants, and seeds, as well as to breeding of live stock, and, if possible, to establish a magazine, which should contain such selections from the standard agricultural publications of Europe and America as might be likely to prove most useful to the The advices from New York come down to the 9th members. It was also proposed that the association inst. Congress adjourned on the 30th of September, should give attention to the question of the introduction after a long and momentous session. One of its latest of Coolie labour from China to supply the places of the measures, the Fugitive Slaves' Act, had come into opera-rapidly decreasing native population.

NARRATIVE OF LITERATURE AND ART.

THE progress and successful conduct of the University Commission is matter of the deepest anxiety to all who feel the questions involved in it to be paramount in importance to almost every other. It has commenced its sittings, but as yet has been occupied exclusively with mere arrangements for taking evidence. Most of the heads of houses who signed the remonstrance against the inquiry, it is now understood, will no longer decline to be examined; but we still hear muttered threats of "violent opposition from the Tractarian members of the board!" Happily these bode less than they did. The precipitate descent of the Pope and his bishoprics has fluttered the pro-papists in Oxford and elsewhere, and their means of mischief are not at all what they were even so late as ten days ago. The wedge had already been inserted before the hammer of his Holiness was applied. We shall shortly see Doctor Pusey and Mr. Sewell and Mr. Denison at quite harmless fisticuffs in the air.

These three gentlemen aptly represent the present split of the Tractarian schism. Mr. Denison is for denying the Romish supremacy, and creating a supremacy of his own. Doctor Pusey will not deny the Romish supremacy; but, with a resolve as stern and mournful as Mr. John O'Connell's when he contemplated his final struggle on the floor of the house, he promises to die in the bosom of the Church of England. Mr. Sewell is as little for denying as for admitting the supremacy of Rome, but, swaying to either side with the current of his interests and hopes, appears to have simply made up his mind to die in the possession of a good English benefice. Not any of the three will occasion much more trouble. As soon as the choice must be taken, Mr. Denison and Mr. Sewell will be found side by side where the bishops and benefices are; and for the remaining section, the weakest but the most sincere, they will at least have the excuse of Benedict for marrying, that when they promised to die in the bosom of the Church of England, they didn't know that they would live to die in the bosom of the Church of Rome.

The publishers still pause and hesitate on the threshold of the winter season, and there has not been for many years so dull an October in the great publishing houses, east and west.

The most important of the month's scanty publications which we are called to record is that of the first portion of a very able and laborious compilation on Commercial Law by Mr. Leone Levi. The object of the entire undertaking, which may well be termed a gigantic one, is to survey the principles and administration of all the various commercial laws of foreign countries, with a view to a direct comparison with the mercantile law of Great Britain. Mr. Levi appears to have been engaged for years, with this object, in orrespondence with the merchants of upwards fifty countries remarkable more or less for distinct and separate commercial usages; and to have obtained in every instance the information he sought. His first volume opens with a sketch of the leading epochs in the history of commerce, and of the existing condition of commercial law in the countries embraced by his scheme. Then, after giving a table of international usages and days of grace now current in all countries, Mr. Levi presents an extraordinary mass of information at once extremely condensed and most lucidly arranged, on the laws of merchants, minors, married females, aliens, books of commerce, and partnership, respectively prevailing in Great Britain (which occupies the post of honour across the top of each page,) and in all the other leading countries (which are duly arranged in parallel and corresponding columns below). Mr. Levi's ultimate object, and one to which intelligent law reformers will earnestly desire success, is the establishment of a national and international code of commerce among all civilised countries, rejecting what is inconvenient or unjust in all, and retaining and codifying what is best in each.

A traveller and literary labourer of the same race as Mr. Levi, the Rev. Moses Margoliouth, a converted Jew, has been employing his time not quite so profitably in writing and publishing long-winded letters descriptive of a Pilgrimage to the Land of my Fathers, addressed to all sorts of fine folks here, countesses, bishops, lords, and baronets, who must have had a surprising quantity of patience, and a more than ordinary amount of nothing to do, to be able to read them. It is very doubtful if the public will follow their example. The letters, orations, and other tracts on Italy, which M. Mazzini has just republished with an eloquent and earnest appeal to the English people, in a small volume entitled Royalty

and Republicanism in Italy, would merit a different kind of mention, if this were the place in which to give it. Suffice it to say that M. Mazzini repels in this book, it seems to us successfully, the charge so often brought against him of having distracted and divided the forces of his native country, at the time when they ought to have been concentrated on the paramount duty of driving out the Austrians.

There is no other original book deserving notice in our present Narrative, but some welcome re-appearances deserve a grateful word. First, and most delightful, is a re-issue of the Spectator's papers of Sir Roger de Coverley, now for the first time collected in a single volume, forming a connected narrative of the most fascinating kind, and characteristically illustrated by notes as well as woodcuts. Then we have a re-publication by Mrs. Crowe of some stories of murders, ghosts, and circumstantial evidence, highly pertinent to the time, and entitled Light and Darkness. Also we have to note the issue in three goodly volumes of Mr. Robert Bell's English story of the Ladder of Gold. And finally there have been new editions (with numerous and important additions in both cases) of Mr. Leitch's excellent translation of Müller's Ancient Art and its Remains; and of Dr. Latham's admirable treatise on the English Language.

The metropolitan theatres have all opened for the season. Mr. Charles Kean and Mr. Keeley are now the lessees of the Princess's, which they are managing with much success. No new dramatic piece of any importance has been produced at any of the theatres.

A series of "Grand National Concerts " has been commenced at Her Majesty's Theatre, under the direction of a committee of gentlemen. They are promenade concerts, after the manner of Jullien's entertainments at Drury Lane, but on a greater scale, and with a larger infusion of classical music.