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See founded 1541. The chapter house (Norman) is 72 ft. long, 34 ft. wide, and 3 ft. 6 in. high. The Lady chapel was commenced by Abbot Hanley, 1457-72, and finished by Abbot W. Farley, 1472-98. The cloisters are the most perfect and beautiful of any in England, and are unusually placed, being on the north side. They were commenced by Abbot Horton, 1351-77, and completed by Abbot Froucester, 1381-1112; in them is a monk's lavatory, and the "carols." The internal length is 406 ft. and breadth 141 ft. Restorations were commenced 1853 by F. S. Waller, who published a work on the cathedral in 1856.

HEREFORD-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (The Virgin and S. Ethelbert)

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See founded 680. The Lady chapel is 93 ft. by 31 ft. The octagonal chapter house, 1330, with a central pillar, 40 ft. diam., was taken down by Bish p Egerton, 1724-46. The great west tower, 130 ft. high, fell 1786, and destroyed a great portion of the nave and aisles, which were then shortened about 15 ft. The length between the external faces of the buttresses is 344 ft.; the internal length 325 ft., the breadth 109 ft. at lesser transepts and 147 ft. at larger ones. Restorations 1786 by James Wyatt; from 1841 by L. N. Cottingham and his son; from 1858 by Sir G. G. Scott.

LICHFIELD

CATHEDRAL CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (The Virgin and S. Chad).

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See founded 656. The church is very uniform, having been, like Salisbury and Exeter, built on one plan. "A dated record would render this cathedral one of the most valuable for the history of the development of styles: " Professor Willis. The polygonal apse is a special feature of this cathedral, and is unique in England; the triple spires is another feature. The arches in the triforia show the dog-tooth moulding in great perfection. The Lady chapel by Bishop W. Langton, 1296-1321. The chapter house, cir. 1240, is an elongated octagon, 40 ft. 3 in by 27 ft. 5 in., with a central pillar. The internal length is 371 ft. and breadth 149 ft. Restorations since 1860 by Sir G. G. Scott.

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See founded 604. The chapter house was built 1332, and was octangular, 32 ft. 6 in. diam., and placed in the cloisters, 91 ft. square, erected by Henry de Wingham, 1260. Inigo Jones commenced the restorations 1633, and added in 1636 the beautiful Corinthian portico at the western end. The Church was burnt 1666, and was taken down 1675. Dugdale's History of St. Paul's has numerous plates by Hollar. The external length was about 590 ft. and of the transepts 290 ft.; the breadth across the nave 104 ft.; these dimensions are obtained from Longman's Three Cathedrals of St. Paul, 8vo., 1873. The lengths in the above table are approximate only, arising chiefly from the error of 690 ft. as given by Dugdale for the length. The dimensions of the present edifice are given in paragraphs 470-474.

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See founded 634. The plan is a double or Lorraine cross. The architect of S. Hugh's work is said to be Geoffry de Noiers. The chapter house, cir. 13th century, is a decagon with a central pillar, 60 ft, diam. and 40 ft. high. The central spire was blown down in 1547; the others were removed in 1808. The Galilee porch on W. side of the S.W. transept is later than S. Hugh's work. The façade is decorated with statues and sculpture, like Wells and Exeter. The cloisters were built by Bishop Sutton and are very slight. There is a curious "stone beam" over the vaulting and between the west towers. Total internal length 482 ft. and breadth 222 ft. at west transepts. The west front was restored about 1862.

MANCHESTER-COLLEGIATE CHURCH (The Virgin, S. Denis of France, and S. George of England).

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Parish church; made collegiate 1422; see founded 1847. Lady chapel 16 ft. square. St. John Baptist or Derby chapel, cir. 1500, 80 ft. by 26 ft., and the chapter house 22 ft. by 13 ft. 6 in., having an unequal apsidal end, are both by Bishop Stanley. Jesus' chapel, by Bexwith, a merchant, 1506, is 35 ft. by 25 ft. The Trafford chapel, 1506, is 27 ft. by 21 ft. 6 in.; St. George's chapel, adjoining the last, 1508, is 25 ft. by 27 ft. 6 in.; and the Bibby porch, 1520, is 13 ft. square. The Strangeways chapel, 1508, is 68 ft. by 22 ft. The Oldham chapel, 1518, is 15 ft. by 12 ft. The internal length, 215 ft. and breadth 112 ft.; externally, 232 ft. and 130 ft. Restored and portions rebuilt by J. P. Holden. Tower rebuilt by him, but not a copy. The later restorations have been carried on by J. S. Crowther.

NORWICH - CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (Holy Trinity).

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See founded 30 and again 673. Before 1272 the cathedral was so dilapidated as to render it necessary to be rebuilt. The cloisters commenced by Bishop Walpole in 1247, were completed by Bishop Alnwick in 1430; they are the most spacious in England, being about 176 ft. square and 14 ft. 9 in. wide. The Lady chapel was destroyed. The external length is 414 ft. 6 in. and breadth 191 it.; the internal length is 464 ft. and breadth 180 ft. The length from the west door to apse is 383 ft. 7 in.

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See founded 1545. It is the smallest cathedral in England. The chapter house (Early English), oblong in form, 54 ft. by 24 ft., may be compared with those of Lincoln, Salisbury, and Chester, belong ng to far Three sides of wealthier communities. Wolsey destroyed the west front and the greater art of the nave the small cloister (54 ft. wide) remain Interna' length 154 ft. (it was 202 fc. when complete) and breadth 102 ft. Interior res:orations, 1856, by R. W. Billing.

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See founded 1545. The three arches forming the west front, 153 ft. long. are 73 ft. high in the opening and as a portico, it is the finest and grandest in Europe:"Fergusson. There are o ly the remains of the cloisters, 132 ft. wide. The external length 480 ft. and 203 ft. wide. The internal length is 425 ft. and the breadth 185 ft. Paley, Remarks on the Arch. of Peterborough Cathedral, 1859. It was under restoration by Edward Blore from 1832; and from 1859 by G. G. Scott, R.A., to hi, death, 1878. The central tower was rebuilt by John L. Pearson, R.A., 1885-6.

RIPON COLLEGIATE CHURCH (by James I.); (S. Wilfrid).

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1154-81

Roger, Archb. of York 169 87 88 Part N. side. Included. 132 36N

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Crypt.

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(Spires now removed were 110 ft. higher.)

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E. and S. sides of C. rebuilt.

1500-20

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See founded 1836. The chapter house, 34 ft. 8 in., 29 ft. wide, by 18 ft. 8 in. high, with an apsidal end, by Archb. Roger, but the two central pillars and vaulting are later. The crypt under it is perhaps the original church of Archb. Thomas of Bayeux, 1070-1100. The Lady chapel, 1482, is over it, a most unusual position; it is now the library. Melton extended the church eastward to twice its former length. Great east window, 25 ft. by 51 feet high, dates at the end of 14th century. The crypt under the centre tower is 11 ft. 5 in. by 7 ft. 8 in, and 9 ft. 4 in. high: it is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The internal length is 270 ft. 5 in. and breadth 132 ft. In 1829 the nave was new roofed and ceiled; and from 1862 the choir groined in wood and other restorations by Sir G. G. Scott.

ROCHESTER-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Andrew).

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See founded 604. The crypt (Early English) is one of the best of the class. The walls of “ Gundult's tower," 24 ft. square and 95 ft high, are 6 ft. thick, the entrance is supposed to have been from the top Of Bishop Ernulf's work 1114-21, the west front (perhaps), dormitory, refectory, and chapter house alone remain the door to the litter is of Decorated work and remarkable. The chapel of St. Mary is 45 ft. by 30 ft. The internal length is 313 ft. 6 in. and breadth 122 ft. 3 in. Restorations 1825-30, by L. N. Cottingham, and of late years by Sir G. G. Scott.

SALISBURY--CATHEDRAL CHURCH, SECULAR CANONS (S. Mary)

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See founded 705. This is the most uniform of the cathedrals; the original plan given by Bishop Poore was carried out by his successors. Elias de Dereham was clerk of the works for the first twenty years, and Robertus for the following twenty. The great regularity of the masonry is a distinctive peculiarity of Early English work. According to the account rendered to Henry III., it appeared that 40.000 marks (22,6664. 138. 4d.) had up to 1258 been expended on the fabric. The chapter house is an octagon 58 ft. diam. and 53 ft high, with a central shaft; this with the cloisters, 182 ft. square, were commenced by Bishop Waiter de la Wyle (1263-70, and completed by Bishop R. de Wickhampton (1270-54). The latter were restored 1850-56, by Mr. Clutton for Bishop Denison. The sculptures in the former were painted, 1859, &c, by Mr. Hudson, and have been explained by W. Burges. The stone spire is described in B 3, ch. iv. The external length is 480 ft., the breadth 230 ft. The internal length is 450 ft., and breadth 206 ft. The west front is 112 ft long. Sir C. Wren effected some repairs. Restorations, 1782-91, by James Wyatt.

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See founded 509, and with Bath 1050. Though one of the smallest cathedrals, it is a very extraordinary example. Its western façade is decorated with six rows of sculpture in a very perfect state, and somewhat similar to Exeter and Lincoln. The subjects are angels, sul jects from the Old and New Testaments, kings, bi-hops, and warriors, amounting to over 300: they have been explained by C. R. Cockerell, in his Iconography. The original plan seems to have been carried out to its completion. The chapel or room under the chapter house and the curious staircase, were completed about 1286, by Bishop Burrell; and the chapter house, octagon, 52 ft. 6 in wide and 42 ft. high, with a central pillar, by Bishop William de la March, 1293-1302; see figs. 1275-7. The east walk of the cloisters, 163 ft., and library, date 1407-24; the west 166 ft. and part of the south, date 1443-64, and completed for 130 ft. more, soon after by Thomas Henry, Treasurer. The support of the central tower is assisted by an inverted arch as at Salisbury. The internal length is 385 ft. and the breadth 135 ft. The west front is 147 ft. long. Restorations, 1842, by C. R. Cockerell, and later by B. Ferrey.

WINCHESTER-CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Mary).

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See founded 648. The west front was originally the work of Bishop Edingdon. The nave, which was "transformed "(Prof. Willis) by Wykeham is, with Ely and Canterbury, probably the longest in the world, S. Peter's at Rome excepted. The Cloisters are 180 ft. by 174 ft. The exterior of the choir is of the finest Gothic of the fifteenth century. The choir as at Gloucester, is under the tower. The chantries of Waynflete and Beaufort are fine examples. The crypt is an interesting example, and more so now that the chalk, 4 ft. deep, filled in about 400 years since, has been removed, 1886-7. There is no chapter house. The external length is 557 ft. 9 in.; the internal Ingth is 525 ft, the breadth 208 ft. The stone screen and the episcopal throne are by Garbett. The west front restored 1860.

WORCESTER--CATHEDRAL CHURCH, BENEDICTINE (S. Mary).

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