honour of the holy-cross, for Cistercians, by Donald O'Brian, King of Limerick, about the year 1169, or as others, in 1181. The possessions were confirmed by John, Lord of Ireland and Earl of Moreton, afterwards King of England. This abbey was afterward, in a general chapter, subjected by the Abbot of Clarevaux to the Abbey of Furness, in England.

(4) Page 105.-Shebean-literally a house of concealment. The term is applied from the circumstance of the spirits which are sold in these private pot-houses being unlicensed, and consequently concealed.

(5) Page 138." To the proper names of the ancient Irish, sirnames were added, either from some action, some quality of the mind, colour or mark of the body, or from chance, or ironically. So Neal, King of Ireland, was called Vigialac, because he had taken nine hostages from the lesser kings, and had held them for some time in fetters. King Brian was called Boruma, because he had recovered from the people of Leinster a certain annual tribute so called. Cænfela was called the Wise. S. Barr, Finbarr, or White Barr. S. Comin, Fada, or Long, and Æd, the Bearded Clerk, from his

long beard like as among the Grecians, Seleucus III. King of Syria, was called Ceraunus, that is thunder, from his precipitate temper. Ptolomy VII. King of Egypt, Physcon, from his great belly, and (to omit others) Ptolomy, the last save one, Auletes, from his great love to the bagpipe."-WARE.

"I return to Ireland, where, it is to be noted, that the ancient Irish, besides these sirnames, had also, after the ancient manner, their fa. thers' names superadded, as Dermot-mac-Cormac, Cormac mac-Donel, Donel-mac-Tirdelvac."-WARE.

Both these customs are still extant in Ireland; and even in the families of the provincial gentry, persons of the same name are distinguished by the colour of their complexions, hair, &c. &c.

(*5) Page 161.-This Irish Marmite formerly, and even within these twenty years, was open to any hand its plentiful contents might tempt. Now, however, the potatoe has risen in value with the increase of wretchedness, and of that, one meal a day is often with difficulty procured. In the summer of 1817, the author being in the coun. try, within twelve miles of Dublin, on a visit at the seat of a person of rank, frequently observed that when the twelve o'clock' bell rung to send the labourers home to dinner,

they lay down in the dry ditches. On inquiring into the cause of a circumstance so un. usual, she was informed, both by the peasants and their overseers, that being unable to procure more than one meal of potatoes, (taken only with salt and water), they preferred having that meal at night. Even this wretched supper is extremely scanty. Formerly potatoes (always the principal, or rather exclusive food) were suffi ciently abundant in the poorest families. Now the father, or head of the family, is obliged to portion them out with great precision, lest an excess to-day should produce want to-morrow. Even in the neighbouring counties of the metropolis the unfortunate wretches are seen searching the ditches for offals or cresses; and many, to the author's knowledge, when she visited Munster in 1817, supported themselves by living on cabbage stalks thrown out from the great house of which she was guest. To such suf. ferers imprisonment or death can have but few terrors. In Dublin, persons, male and female, have been known lately to commit small depredations for the purpose of being sent to jail, where shelter, with bread and water, was provided for them. Two young women, lately brought before a most respectable police magistrate in Dublin, assigned the above reason for breaking windows. A few days back, July 9th, 1818, eight hundred persons presented themselves to

the Mendicity Society of Dublin, to obtain any labour that could be procured them at the rate of sixpence per day. Such is the "flourishing state of Ireland," so often vaunted by English official visitors, who drive rapidly through the country, and are sumptuously entertained by the Irish officials, from whom they learn the little they return to describe.

(6) Page 231.-The ancient Irish used wicker boats covered with ox hyde, called corraghs, upon the open sea. Upon lakes and rivers they used another kind of boat, called cotta, made of a hollow tree. Both these boats are still in general use in Ireland, under the name of corraghs and cots, but are chiefly to be found on the rivers in remote counties, and on the south and west seacoast,

(7) Page 276.-"I admit neither presbyter, papist, independent, nor, as our proclamation says, any other sort of fanatick, to plant here, but all good protestants."-Earl of Orrery's Letter to the Duke of Ormonde, 1662.

END OF VOL. I.

B. CLARKE, Primer, Well Street, London.