Experience has taught us that we are able to bear a much greater burden than this, or than any perfon, even the most fanguine among us, had imagined we ever could bear; our national debt at prefent being about two hundred and forty millions, the intereft of which is twelve millions. However, without naming a ny particular fum, if the national debt fhould be raised fo high that the taxes will not pay the interest of it, and at the fame time defray the ordinary expences of government, one or other of the confequences above mentioned muft enfue. And in the mean time our manufactures must be burdened, and confequently our ability to pay taxes must be diminished, by every addition to the national debt. Inftead of paying off any part of the national debt, fome think it would be better, as foon as the produce of any tax would enable the ftate to do it, to take off fome of the other more burthenfome taxes, especially fuch as tend to check manufactures, and thereby to diminish the power of acquiring wealth. For if the country grow more wealthy, the debt, though nominally the fame, becomes in reality lefs, in proportion to the greater ability to discharge it. Thus a perfon in a good way of trade does not always find it his intereft to pay his debts, because he can employ that furplus by which he could difcharge them to a better account. For it is poffible that with ar hundred pounds, by which he might have diminished his debts, he may acquire a thousand. It can hardly be expected, however, that minifters of ftate will have the mag nanimity, or the judgement, to act upon this plan. Otherwife, by adding to fome taxes, as thofe on land and houfes, acquired by wealth, and diminishing thofe on manufactures, by which wealth is acquired, a nation might become fo wealthy, as that its debts would be of little confequence to it. But till man kind are cured of the expenfive folly of going to war, it is not even defireable that nations fhould have any large fur. plus of wealth at the difpofal of their governors; as it would be fure to be squandered in fome mischievous project. Wife nations therefore, not being fure of a fucceffion of wife governors, will be content to be just able to pay the intereft of their debts, as the only fecurity for peace, and indeed the only guard against deAruction." M. Transactions of the Society inftituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; with the Premiums offered, in the year 1788. vol. 6. 8vo. 4 s. boards. Dodfley, &c. EVERY volume of these Transactions brings additional proofs of the benefits derived to the public from this patriotic inftitution; and we are glad to find that the number of its members is daily encreafing. The propagation of timber was one of the firft objects that attracted the attention of the fociety; and it must afford pleasure to every reader who is a wellwither to his country, to find that the public have fo cheerfully contributed to forward the fociety's views in this refpect. From the memoirs in this volume we are cheered with a gleam of hope, that notwithstanding the general complaints of the decrease of oak-timberfor hip-building in the fouthern parts of the island, where it has hitherto most abounded, a supply will be raised in the northern parts of it that may in time supply the demand. Mr White, at Buttsfield, in the county of Durham, whofe extenfive plantations are well known, has in the laft feafon planted no fewer than 50,0co oaks, which have fucceeded in a furprifing degree. We alfo find that the Rev. Mr R. Lloyd, of Ashton, in the county of Salop, planted (in the autumn of the year 1784) 65,440, and fowed, befide, near ten bushels of acorns. These plantations, which are all well fenced and thriving, may come in time to be of great national importance; befide the benefit that will accrue to the proprietors of the barren fpots on which thefe improvements have generally been made.-But these plantations in England, though of importance, appear comparatively fmall when mentioned with those of much greater extent in Scotland. We have frequently heard furmifes, that extentive plantations of timber-trees are of ten made in that almost unknown part of the country, and have heard our old friend Dr Johnfon blamed for not only having neglected to notice this circumftance, but for having even infinuated, in his famous Tour, that no fort of attention was there paid to the railing of timber. But never did we obtain fo fatisfactory a proof of the contrary, as is here afforded by accounts of the extenfive and thriving plantations made by Earl Fife, in the counties of Banff and Moray. It appears, that in the courfe of fifteen years his Lordship has planted in all 3005 acres, which have been all well inclofed with walls, the total measure ment of which is 68,656 ells; and that thefe extensive plantations are all at prefent in a very thriving condition. The kinds of trees planted, and the number of each fort, are as under : 51,100/ menced; and "from their infancy," he adds, " to the prefent period, I have nurfed them with care, regularity, and perfeverance; every fucceeding year has enlarged the old, or has given birth to a new planted inclofure. By these means about 7000 acres of bleak and inhofpitable moors have been clothed with ri fing and flourishing trees, in Aberdeen. fhire, Banffshire, and Moray." It is with pleasure that we regifter these important improvements, which we hope will stimulate others who have fuch "bleak and inhofpitable moors" on their eftates to follow fo laudable an example. Common That they may fee what fuccefs has atScots Fir 3,668,420 tended thefe efforts, we fubjoin the following table of measurement, the cir Total 4,874,198 cumference taken at three feet from the ground, in different parts of the plantation. The specification of foil, we prefume, is intended to fhew what foils were deemed the most favourable to the different kinds of trees. The trees were planted about twenty-five years ago. Length of the Trunk. Laburnum Poplar Willows Spruce Fir Sweet Chefnut 64,100 Silver Fir These are princely plantations! yet they form only a part of thofe that have been made by Lord Fife; for it is now, as his Lordship informs the Society, above thirty years fince his plantations com Height. Loam, and clay bottom, Light black earth, Heavy wet ground, Dry fandy foil, Circum ference. Good heavy loam, Silver Fir, It will be remarked that the larch and filver fir greatly out-grow the other trees; but we regret that no measurement was made of the common fir, with which they might be compared. The common firs, we are told, are planted merely as nurfes to the other trees, the plants being bought in that country, at a proper fize for planting, at the very moderate price of tenpence per thousand.-It has been obferved, that beams of larix wood were of exceeding great durability. This fact is farther confirmed in the prefent voJume. Mr Francis Dennifon writes from Petersburgh, that the larch wood is there folely appropriated to fhip-building, for which use it anfwers perfectly well; and that line-of-battle thips are built of it at Archangel. Mr Ritchie, his Majefty's Chargé des Affairs at Venice, alfo writes that it is there likewife employed in fhip-building, to which there appears to be no other objection than its weight on fome occafions. It is certainly lighter than oak; but on account of the fhoals in the Adriatic, the Venetians are obli 46 445 It ged to build with very light wood. refifts, he fays, the intemperature of the air more than any other wood known in this country, and therefore it is much used in making outer gates, pales, &c. which are constantly exposed to the open air. It is no lefs durable within doors; and in fome of the very old palaces here, there are beams of larix as found as when firft placed there. In a word, where-ever ftrength and durability are required, this is reckoned here the moft choice and valuable wood; and it may be applied to a great number of ufes. We are glad to collect authentic information concerning the ufes of this valuable and ornamental tree, with a view to introduce the culture of it more generally into this country. As a maritime nation, we cannot pay too much attention to every article that may prove ferviceable in the conftruction of thips, and at a moderate price, which this fpecies of timber promises effectually to do. It flourishes in a great variety of foils, and on the bleakeft exposures. M. LON LONDON. The works of Nathaniel Lardner, D. D. containing credibility of the gofpel hiftory, Jewish and Heathen teftimonies, hiftory of heretics, and his fermons and tracts, with general chronological tables, and copious indexes. To the first volume is prefixed the life of the author, by Andrew Kippis, D. D. F. R. S. and S. A. II vols. 8vo. Price to fubfcribers, 31. 3 s. in boards. Fobnfon. Thoughts on the divine goodness, relative to moral agents, particularly displayed in future rewards and punishments. Tranflated from the French of Ferdinand Olivier Petitpierre. 8vo. 5s. 3d. boards. Robinsons, c. Letters addreffed to a young gentleman, who had early imbibed the principles of infidelity. Dedicated to the most virtuous young man in the kingdom. 8vo. Is. Matthews, Sc. Confiderations on ancient and modern creeds, the fupremacy of the Father, the perfonal existence of the Holy Ghost, the pre-existence of Chrift, and his divinity, &c. By the late Henry Taylor, A. M. Rector of Crawley, and Vicar of Portfmouth, in Hants; author of Ben Mordecai's apology for embracing Chriftianity. Publifhed by his fon Henry Taylor, LL. B. Rector of Spridlington in Lincolnshire. With a treatife on the existence, immateriality, and immortality of the foul, proving the fame from felf-evident principles. By Efq; 8vo. 5s. boards. Dilly, &c. An effay on the folly of fcepticism, the abfurdity of dogmatifing on religious fubjects, and the proper medium to be obferved between these two extremes. By W. L. Brown, D. D. minifter of the English church at Utrecht. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Murray. A differtation on the message from St John the Baptift to our Saviour; St Luke, vii. 19. with remarks on the hiftory of his life and minikry. 8vo. Is. 6d. Cadell: An expoftulatory addrefs to the Rev. Dr Priestley, containing an apology for those who confcientiously subscribe to the articles of the Church of England, and, in particular, to the doctrines of the Trinity, &c. By the Rev. John Hawkins. 8vo. Is. 6d. Printed at Worcester, and fold by White, &c. in London. The univerfal restoration: exhibited in a feries of dialogues between a minifter and his friend; comprehending the substance of several converfations that the author hath had with various perfons, both in America and Europe, on that interesting subject; wherein the most formidable objections are stated, and fully answered. By Elhanan Winchester. 8vo. 3s. fewed. Marfom. Hiftory, Law, Politics. able events of the war between the Pruffians, Auftrians, and Ruffians, from 1756 to 1763; and a treatise on several branches of the military art, with plans and maps. Tranflated from the fecond edition of the German original of J. G. Tielke, by Capt. C. Craufurd, of the Queen's regiment of Dragoon Guards, and Capt. R. Craufurd, of the 75th regi ment, late of the 1orft. vol. 2. large 8vo. 15 s. boards. Walter. A view of ancient history, including the progrefs of literature and the fine arts. By William Rutherford, D. D. Mafter of the academy at Uxbridge. vol. 1. 8vo. 7 s. boards. Murray. A treatife on the law of mortgages. By John Jofeph Powell, Efq; of the Middle Temple, Barrister at Law. Edit. 2. revifed and corrected by the author. 8vo. 6s. boards. Whieldon. An effay on the learning respecting the creation and execution of powers, and alfo refpecting the nature and effect of leafing powers; in which the doctrine and the judgement delivered by the court of King'sbench, in the cafe of Pugh and the Duke of Leeds, and the principal authorities for and against it are confidered. By John Jofeph Powell, Efq; Barrifter at Law, of the Inner Temple. 8vo. 8s. boards. Whieldon. An effay upon the learning of devifes, from their inception by writing, to their confummation by the death of the devifor. By John Jofeph Powell, Efq; Barrister at Law. 8vo. 98. boards. Uriel, Whieldon, :. Trial in the court of king's-bench, before Lord Kenyon, and a fpecial jury, between Edward Dodwell, Efq; plaintiff, and the Rev. Henry Bate Dudley, defendant, for crim. con. 8vo. I s. 6 d. Symonds: Laws for regulating bills of exchange, &c. By J. Blagrave, notary-public. 12mo. Is. Green & Co. Confideration on the relative fituation of France and the United States of America: fhewing the importance of the American revolution to the welfare of France; giving also an account of their productions, and the reciprocal advantages which may be drawn from the commercial connections; and finally, pointing out the actual fituation of the United States. Tranflated from the French of Etienne Claviere, and J. P. Briffot de Warville. 8vo. 6s. boards. Robson & Co. Thoughts on the prefent ftate of the application for a repeal of the fhop-tax; with remarks on M. de Lolme's obfervations on taxes. 8vo. IS. Debrett. A fhort and impartial political review of the year 1788. 8vo. Is. Hookham. Three letters on the question of the regency. Addreffed to the people of England. By Capel Lofft. 8vo. Is. 6d. Stockdale. An impartial review of the prefent great An account of fome of the most femark question, Jan. 3. 1789. 8vo. Is. Debrett. A letter to the Rt Hon. W. Pitt, on the restriction of the regent's authority. 8vo. 6d. Debrett. A dialogue on the regency. 8vo. 6d. Debrett. Regency, and the use and abuse of the great feal; containing a correct lift of all the regencies fince the origin of parliaments to the prefent period, with an account of the caufe, mode of appointment, limitations, and confequences of each regency, &c. &c. 8vo. Is. Ridgway. Detached hints upon the question in its prefent pofture. 8vo. 6d. Debrett. Reflections on the cafe of a regency. By a gentleman of Lincoln's Inn. 8vo. is. 6d. Ridgway. Thoughts on the prefent proceedings of the Houfe of Commons. 8vo. Is. Debrett. The debate on the subject of a regency, in the House of Commons, Dec. 16. 1788. Coutaining the fpeeches of Mr Pitt, Mr Fox, &c. &c. With a correct lift of the divifion thereon. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Stockdale. The powers of a regent conftitutionally confidered. 8vo. Is. Faulder. Whig and no whig. A political paradox 8vo. Is. Stalker. A folemn appeal to the citizens of Great Britain and Ireland, on the prefent emergen cy. 8vo. 2s. Stockdale. Advice humbly offered to the Prince of Wales. By a well-meaning Briton. 8vo. 6 d. Hookham. The royal dialogue between the P. of W. and the Rt Hon. C. J. F. 8vo. Is. 6d. Stalker. Natural Hiflory, Medicine, &c. Experiments and obfervations on animal hcat, and the inflammation of combustible bodies: Being an attempt to refolve the phenomena into a general law of nature. By A. Crawford, M. D. F.R. S. L & E. and member of the Philofophical Societies of Dublin and Philadelphia. Edit. 2. with very large additions. 8vo. 7 s. boards. Fobnfon. An effay towards a fyftem of Mineralogy. By Axel Frederic Cronstedt, mine-master, or fuperintendant of the mines in Sweden. Tranflated from the original Swedish, with annotations, and an additional treatife on the blow-pipe, by Guftav von Engeftrom, counfellor of the college of mines in Sweden. Edit. 2. greatly enlarged and improved, by the addition of the modern difcoveries, and by a new arrangement of the articles. By John Hyacinth de Magellan, Talabrico-Lufitanus, Reg. Soc. Lond. Acad. Imp. Petro, &c. &c. Socius. 8vo. 2 vols. 14s. boards. Dilly. A fyftem of Surgery. By Benjamin Bell, member of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Ireland and Edinburgh, &c. &c. vol. 6. Illuftrated with copperplates. 8vo. 6s. 6d. boards. Elliot, Edinburgh; Robinfons, London. An attempt to afcertain the causes of the K-'s prefent illness, with a new method of treating it, applicable to all who suffer in like manner, most humbly recommended, by a dutiful fubject. 4to. Is. Rebfon & Co. A differtation on the influence of the paf fions upon the diforders of the body. By William Falconer, M. D. F. R. S. Being the effay to which the Fothergillian medal was adjudged. 8vo. 3 s. boards. Dilly. Entertainment. The amiable Quixote; or, The enthusiasm of friendship. 12mo. 4 vols. Ios. fewed. Walter. The penitent proftitute; or, The history of Mifs Julia Frank, written by herself. 12mo. 2 s. 6d. Scatcherd Co. The exile; or, Memoirs of the Count de Cronstadt. By Clara Reeve. 12mo. 3 vols. 9 s. fewed. Hookbam. Sophia; or, The embarraffed wife, &c. 12mo. 2 vols. 5 s. fewed. Allen. The adventures of a watch. 12mo. 3 S. fewed. Kearsley. The twin fifters; or, The effects of Educa tion. A novel. By a Lady. 12mo. 3 vols. 9 s. fewed. Hookham. Mifcellaneous. Sketches of fociety and manners in Portu. gal. In a series of letters from Arthur William Coftigan, Efq; late a captain of the Irish brigade in the service of Spain, to his brother in London. 8vo. 2 vols. 10 s. 6 d. boards. Vernor. An anfwer to the Rev. Mr Harris's "Scrip tural researches on the licitnefs of the flavetrade." By the Rev. W. Hughs, M. A. Edit. 2. 8vo. Is. Cadell. Am I not a man, and a brother? With all humility addreffed to the British legislature. 8vo. Is. 6 d. Payne & Son. The flowers of modern travels; being elegant and inftructive extracts from the works of the most celebrated travellers. Intended chiefly for young people. By the Rev. John Adams, A. M. 12mo. 2 vols. 6 s. fewed. Kearsley. Mrs Stewart's cafe, written by herself, and refpectfully fubmitted to the enlightened part of the public: including her letter to Lord Rawdon. 4to. Is. 6d. Kerby, c. This lady fets forth, That fhe is "lineally defcended from Graham Earls of Monteith *, "This Peerage is now dormant, by the failure of male beirs. The coheiress daughters avere Mary and Helen. Mrs Stewart is the granddaughter of Mary, the elder; and Lord Rawdon is the great-grandfon of Helen, the younger. Mary married her coufin, Walter Graham of Gartur, firft cadet of the Monteith family; and He len married Sir James Rawdon: confequently, Mrs Stewart and Lord Rawdon are prefumptive cleimants to this dormant peerage." Mrs Stew art's note. and Vacunalia: Confifting of effays in verse, on various fubjects, with fome tranflations. By the Rev. Edward Davies, Lecturer of Sodbury. 8vo. 4 s. fewed. Robinsons. Report from the committee appointed to examine the phyficians who have attended his Majefty during his illness, touching the prefent state of his Majesty's health. 8vo. 3 s. Stockdale. Another edition of the fame report, printed on a smaller letter, but containing the fame matter. 8vo. Is. 6 d. A tour to the ifle of love: written by the author of the Caffina, &c. 12mo. 2s. Thornton, in Southampton Street. and Stewart, Earls of Galloway, whofe common ancestor and mine was Alexander the Sixth, Lord High Steward of Scotland, father to Robert the Second, firft monarch of the name of Stewart."-She farther states, that fhe is in great poverty and distress; that Lord Rawdon has, on her application, contributed feveral times to her relief; but that, of late, he has not only discontinued his bounty, but has also been inftrumental in preventing others from relieving her. She, therefore, now publicly addreffes, and reproaches his Lordfhip, in the ftyle of a remonftrant, and with all the hauteur and dignity of high defcent and family pride, increased rather than humbled by adversity. It should seem, however, as if Lord Rawdon had received fome conviction that Mrs Stewart had impofed on him, and that he no longer confidered her as a proper object of his benevolence: and that he really thinks fo, we are thoroughly convinced from circumftances mentioned in her own account. Befide which, we have obferved a letter, figned JUSTICE, printed in the Morning Poft of Jan. 9. and addreffed "To Mrs MARGARET CAROLINE RUDD, alias STEWART." Now, if our high-fpirited authorefs be really the celebrated Mrs Rudd, formerly affociated with the unfortunate Perreaus, [vol. 37. p. 476.] we can no longer be at a lofs to account for the change in Lord Rawdon's conduct toward her. M. Plays and Poetry. Look before you leap: A comedy, in one act. As it was performed with great applaufe at the Theatre-Royal in the Hay-market. Tranflated from the celebrated La. Bonne Mère of De Florian. By Horatio Robfon. 8vo. Is. Harrifon & Co. The child of nature; a dramatic piece, in four acts, &c. Performing at the TheatreRoyal, Covent-Garden. By Mrs Inchbald. 8vo. Is. 6d. Robinsons. A key to the lock; a comedy, in two acts. As it was damned at the Theatre-Royal in the Hay-market, Aug. 18. 1788. 8vo. Is. Harrifon, & Co. The doctor and the apothecary. A mufical entertainment, in two acts. As performThe art of making coloured cryftals to i-ed at the Theatre-Royal, Drury Lane. 8vo. mitate precious ftones. Tranflated from the Is. Dilly. French of M. Fontanieu, member of the royal academies of fciences and architecture. To which are added numerous explanatory notes, and a new theory of phlogifton, electric fluid, &c. By William Drew, Efq; 8vo. 23. Sy monds. Obfervations on the three laft volumes of the Roman hiftory, by Edward Gibbon, Efq; 12mo. Is. 6d. Stockdale. The naval Atalantis; or, A difplay of the characters of fuch flag-officers as were diftinguished during the last war. By Nauticus Junior. 8vo. 4 s. boards. Ridgway. Characteristic anecdotes, &c. of Frederick II. late King of Pruffia. With explanatory notes and obfervations, by B. H. La Trobe. 8vo. 6s. boards. Stockdale. Anecdotes and characteristics of Frederick the Great, late King of Pruffia: selected and tranflated from eight original volumes in the German language. By F. A. W. 12mo. vols. 6 s. fewed. Richardfon, &c. 2 The speech of M. Necker, Director-General of the Finances, at the meeting of the affembly of the Notables, held at Versailles, Nov. 6. 1788. To which is added, the King's and the Keeper's fpeeches. 8vo. Is. 6d. De brett. The beauties of Rousseau, selected by a Lady. 12mo. 2 vols. 5 s. fewed, Hookham. Sir Jofeph Banks and the Emperor of Morocco. A tale. By P. Pindar, Efq; 4to. Is. 6d. Kearney. Peter feems to have taken the hint of this fatirical piece from the humorous account of Sir Nicholas Gimcrack, in the Tatler; but in applying that character to our celebrated botanift, he feems to have run counter to all our ideas of "the na"tural or moral fitness of things."This appli cation, however, and this fitnefs, are not points for our decifion.-Of the poetry, and of the pleafantry, take, reader, the following fpecimen : On a butterfly-hunt, the hero of the piece starts the Emperor of Morocco; and the purfuit is thus defcribed: |