But, of late years, other ideas have begun to prevail on these subjects. Philosophy has here, as well as every where else, diffused her steady light, which pierces through even the densest shades of antiquity, and reveals the true forms of things. We can now look on the Greeks and Romans of old without being dazzled, and we can see that they boast no pre-eminence over the gallant descendants of the Teutonics, who trampled down the pride of Rome, and who impressed on their race a noble and generous character, which, perfected by the influence of a religion so immeasurably superior to the polytheism of Greece, has given birth to institutions as far superior to the boasted ones of Greece, as the might of a region hardly known to her even by name, in her days of glory, is superior to the collective power of all the republics contained within the circuit of ancient Hellas. If we still name with respect Plato, Aristotle, and Archimedes, we fear not to oppose to them Bacon, Newton, Leibnitz, and a crowd of others. Athenian eloquence is still admired; yet, perhaps, modern times have not fallen so short of it as many may fancy. Homer seems, by prescription, to retain his seat on the summit of Parnassus; yet nothing but classic prejudice will, we apprehend, assert that he was a greater poet than Dante, Shakspeare, or, perhaps, Milton. Finally, we will assert that, as writers of fictitious narrative, ancient times never produced any rival to Fielding, Le Sage, or Walter Scott.

In Grecian antiquities, the present work is the first of its kind. On urns and instruments, games, sacrifices, and matters of that sort, we had abundance in the works of Meursius and Potter, and many others, not to mention all that has been stolen from Athenæus and Aristophanes, and served up to us in periodicals. But the antiquities of Greece, regarded from a definite point of view; the continuity and connection of her civil and political relations; the picture of her geographical position, of her people, of her general and particular constitutions, in union or opposed: all this combined in one work, was a desideratum.

This desideratum, Mr. Wachsmuth, professor of history in the University of Leipzig, a gentleman already well known by his writings, has undertaken to supply, in the present work, called "Hellenic Antiquities, in a Political Point of View." Of this production, we have now before us the first division of the first part, containing the constitutions and the external political relations of the Hellenic states, till the time of the Persian wars.

In noticing the different forms of government, and systems of laws, he dwells particularly on those of the two leading states, Athens and Sparta; and in the last section, enters into a discussion of the Tyrannes, their various degrees and influence on the people, and their fall.

From this very slight sketch of Mr. Wachsmuth's work, the reader will be enabled to form some idea of its worth. Such per

formances are particularly to be prized at this moment, when a spirit of general philosophy is so prevalent, and universal principles are applied to the history and institutions of all countries, of both ancient and modern times. We hope that Mr. Wachsmuth's work, when completed, will not long want an English translator.

ART. III. Le Globe Journal Philosophique et Litteraire. Paris. 1827. Sautelet. London, at the General Foreign Agency Office, 38, Norfolk Street, Strand; and Treuttel & Würtz.

THE state of the periodical press in France is so little known in this country, that we think our readers will be glad to receive some information concerning it, which we have collected from authentic sources. The journals published in Paris, may be divided into two classes. Some of them treat principally of politics, and the others are especially devoted to the sciences, fine arts, and the belleslettres. The latter class of journals has acquired in France a prodigious augmentation since the peace. Although almost totally unknown before the Revolution, they stepped in to satisfy the wants of the age, and to register the imposing mass of truths that has been acquired during the last thirty years. Each science has now its particular journal in France; and merely to make them known, would be to trace the tree of human knowledge.

NATURAL SCIENCES.

1. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. (Monthly).

2. Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (do.).
3. Annales de la Sociéte Linnéenne. (Every two months).
4. Bulletin de Flore. (Monthly).

5. Annales des Mines. (Every two months).

The Annales des Sciences Naturelles, conducted since the year 1824, by Messrs. Audoin, Ad. Brongniard, and Dumas, is one of the most important scientific repositories that are at present published in France. When we say that the three volumes of the last year contained 51 memorials, or notices, on anatomy, animal physiology, and zoology; 30 on vegetable physiology and botany; 35 on mineralogy and geology; 6 on different subjects; making altogether 122 articles; and that in the number of the corresponding contributors to the Annales, we find the names of Messrs. Cuvier, Humboldt, Vanquebois, and other disinterested writers, the reader may form some idea of the intellectual wealth which this repository offers to the consideration of the learned, and to the curiosity of men of the world. It embraces all the branches of natural history, and exhibits a collection of the most important observations concerning them. The other periodicals above enumerated, are also eminently deserving of the attention of the learned; particularly, Les Annales des Mines, which is perhaps one of the most scientific of the periodical publications published in Europe.

AGRICULTURE.

1. Annales de l'Agriculture Française (monthly).

2. Annales Européennes de la Fructification de la France (do.). 3. Bibliotheque Physico Economique (do.).

These publications bear a strong resemblance to the Farmer's and Gardener's magazines, both published in London, quarterly. The Bibliotheque Physico Economique is certainly inferior to them, and this journal frequently contains advice which no experiment has ever justified. It moreover recommends innovations which will lead the cultivator astray, and sometimes states facts that are not easily to be credited. Thus the editor of this periodical publication recommends the use of paragreles, with all the zeal of conviction, although the most skilful natural philosophers in Europe express their doubts as to the efficacy of this discovery. He likewise maintains, that in the Department of Voges the winter is as rigorous as in Siberia, an assertion that is against all experience. It is, besides, a soil on which fruit-trees grow, and being elevated above the level of the sea not much more than Geneva, it can hardly be with justice compared to the soil of Tobolskow or Berezowk. But if this repository is inferior in merit to the Farmer's and Gardener's magazines, the latter in their turn are far beneath Les Annales Européenes et de l'Agriculture Française. The first of these publications is less theoretical than practical, and embraces, along with the most interesting phenomena which display themselves in the physical world, the regeneration of vegetable nature, the climates and the seasons, the multiplication of animals and birds, the repeopling of the waters by new fishes: in short, every thing that constitutes the solid resources which secure the life, strength, and grandeur of nations. The second is more theoretical than practical, and collects all the knowledge acquired in agriculture. The memoirs which it contains are not devoted exclusively to new materials, as the old methods are discussed in it: the well-grounded theories are subjected to a new scrutiny, and all the agricultural knowledge is exactly criticised, and reduced to the standard of perfection.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES.

1. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (monthly).
2. Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique (do.).

The Annales de Chimie et de Physique, received their birth from
modern chemistry, and have been associated with its progress and
its glory. It was to this journal that Lavoisier, Guzton, Morveau,
Monge, Fourcroy, and Bertholet, addressed their first discoveries;
and it is still in it, that in our own days, the worthy successors of
those illustrious men preserve the fruits of their labours.
'Annales' are under the direction of Messrs. Gay-Lussac and
Arago; they frequently contain articles from Messss. Vauquelin,
Chevreul, Du Long, and translations of the memoirs of learned
foreigners.

The

MEDICAL SCIENCES.

1. Annales de la Médecine Physiologique (monthly). 2. Archives Générales de Médecine (do.).

3. Bulletin de la Société Médicale d'Emulation (do.). 4. Bulletin des Travaux du Cercle Médical (do.).

5. Cours sur les Généralités de la Médecine Pratique (every two months). 6. Gazette de Santé (three times a month).

7. Journal des Progres des Sciences et des Institutions Médicales (every two months).

8. Journal Clinique (quarterly).

9. Journal Complementaire du Dictionaire des Sciences Médicales (monthly).

10. Journal de Chimie Médicale de Pharmacie et de Toxilogie (do.). 11. Journal de Médecine Vétérinaire (do.).

12. Journal de Pharmacie (do.).

13. Journal de Physiologie Experimentale (quarterly).

14. Journal Général de Médecine Française et Etrangère (monthly). 15. Journal Pratique de Médecine Vétérinaire (do.).

16. Journal Universel des Sciences Médicales (do.).

17. Nouvelle Bibliothéque Médicale (do.).

18. Nouvelle Hygie (twice a week).

19. Repertoire Général d'Anatomie, de Physiologie Pathologique, et de Clinique Chirurgicale (quarterly.)

20. Revue Médicale Français et Etrangere (monthly.)

The medical journals published in Paris, present precisely double the number of those printed in London. Some of them, such as, The Revue Médicale Française et Etrangere, and the London Medical and Physical Journal; L'Hygie, and the Medical Adviser; The Medical Gazette of Health, and La Gazette de Santé; present several points of resemblance: but a much greater number of the French repertoires are of a different nature from those published in this country. We may mention for example, the excellent 'Journal de Pharmacie,' the Journal de Médecine Vétérinaire,' that of Physiologie Expérimentale et Pathologique,' and 'L'Hermès,' in which the doctrine of animal magnetism is maintained, if not with reason and argument, at least with ingenuity and talent.

Moreover, almost all the medical journals that are published in Paris, are, with respect to doctrines, the expression of the labours of a single anatomical, physiological, and pathological school; a school entirely modern, and entirely French. The only one among them which is truly personal, if we may so distinguish them, is the journal of Dr. Broussais, entitled Annales de la Medicine Physiologique.' All the other journals confine themselves to an accumulation of facts, which, however, would rather be an advantage than otherwise, if these facts had not been all collected and recorded in one single direction.

A new journal has lately been commenced, under the title of

'Journal du Progrèss des Sciences et Institutions Médicales en Europe et en Amerique,' which proposes to publish all the labours operated in medicine in all parts of the civilized world.

THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES.

Annales de Mathematiques pures et Appliquees (monthly). This excellent repository, which is conducted by Mr. Gergonne, Professor of the Faculty at Montpellier, will soon reach the seventeenth year of its existence. The success that has attended it, is highly honourable to France, and proves that we are no longer at the period, in which Duclos called the Frenchmen 'the children of Europe; nor at that, in which Raynal compared the French to a nation of women." The Frenchman of the eighteenth century, who was gay, flighty, pleasant, and frivolous, is not the Frenchman of the present day. Forty years of vicissitudes, revolutions, and political reactions, have contributed to mature his mind and character; and though he does not now enjoy the monopoly of frivolities, he has entered fully into the boundless career of industry. At the present moment, the physical and mathematical sciences are more eagerly cultivated by Frenchmen, than literature and the fine arts. Mathematical learning, especially, has made great progress in France; and the intellectual power acquired by these studies, presents a consoling prospect to the friends of liberty.

THE INDUSTRIOUS ARTS.

1. Annales de l'Industrie Nationale et Etrangere (monthly).

2. Annales des Arts et Manufactures (do.).

3. L'Industriel (do.).

4. Le Flambeau (do.).

5. Journal Hebdomadaire des Arts et Metiers de l'Angleterre (weekly).

6. Feuille Hebdomadaire des Arts et Metiers (do.).

7. Bulletin de la Societé d'Encouragement (monthly).

The character and great utility of these journals, may be collected from their titles.

Our aim, says Mr. Christian, the learned editor of 'L'Industriel,' is to introduce the light of science into the establishments of industry, to cause practical operations to approximate to theoretical principles, to watch and attend the march and progress of the arts, and even to contemplate the attempts that are made to accelerate their motion.

After the example of our neighbours beyond the sea, says M. Lenormand, the editor of Les Annales de l'Industrie Nationale et etrangere, we are sensible that all the artists who are engaged in the different branches of national industry, would derive great advantage from the discoveries made every day by the learned men who investigate and promote the application of science to the industrious arts, if the description and the results of these discoveries were exhibited in simple language, and expressions suitably adapted to their capacity. The tendency of our efforts will be to disseminate in the