The Psychology of Skill, with Special Reference to Its Acquisition in TypewritingUniversity of Montana, 1908 - 188 Seiten |
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absolutely continuous asso attention and effort average rise box with five breathing places Bryan and Harter CLARK UNIVERSITY critical stages daily difficulties direction economic efficiency curves experiment expert stage fact feel finally perfected fingers Flathead Lake fluctuations in attention formed getting the copy harder higher higher-order habits improvement introspective irregular keyboard lapses in attention learners learning curves learning to write learning typewriting letter-making movement locating the keys memory tests ment mental minute MISSOULA mistakes notes observed occurred Pack my box period of practice phrase associations plateau practice sentence writing progress Psychology pulse and efficiency pulse curves pulse rate rapid records regular relearning S. M. curve S. M. practice score seems short circuiting shown skill sort special associations special habits spelling spontaneous attention stages of advancement stages of practice strokes tendency tion UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA visual image whole word associations wrote
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 147 - It is not what the learner would like to do, but what his mental and physical condition at the time of study or practice will let him do, that is important for determining his progress. The process of learning typewriting is something like mowing a field. The farmer takes out his machine to cut his grass. He can only keep his machine in good condition and vigorously applied to the work ; the machine does all the rest. It does its own work in its own way. How well it works depends upon the nature...
Seite 86 - As they grow less numerous the rate of gain will likewise decline until, as still more skill is acquired, a state is reached where most adaptations or short cuts in method have been made; fewer special habits remain to be developed; fewer adaptations are possible. Those possible have become harder and harder to make, because they must be made in the realm of higher habits where the learner has had less experience. Every man has had experience with the first stages of learning, but little with the...
Seite 85 - THE LEARNING CURVES EXPLAINED. After what has been said our explanation of the general features of our curves can be brief. The first rapid and continuous rise is due to the fact that the learner is making progress along many different lines at once. Rapid strides of improvement are possible and made simultaneously in every department of the work. The...
Seite 82 - short circuit" the first elaborate methods of making the letters, in developing syllable and word associations and associations between the words of compact phrases or clauses, in making improvements in mental spelling, in learning to get and hold the copy more economically, in learning to attend and economize effort, etc., the new adaptations or forward steps were all unconsciously made. It seemed to be the strong desire to write with the utmost speed, strengthened in some cases by the thought of...
Seite 123 - critical stages" did not prove equally serious for all learners. In some cases the difficulties which they occasioned were so successfully dealt with that the plateaus were eliminated. It appears, therefore, that the plateaus in our curves do not represent periods of incubation, where certain elementary habits make substantial gains, preparatory to their organization into higher-order habits, they are: (a) Resting places in the learner's interest and effort; or (b) "breakdown" stages caused by excessive...
Seite 85 - After what has been said our explanation of the general features of our curves can be brief. The first rapid and continuous rise is due to the fact that the learner is making progress along many different lines at once. Rapid strides of improvement are possible and made simultaneously in every department of the work. The learner is not only forming and perfecting letter assocciations but syllable, word and phrase associations as well.
Seite 23 - A word simply means a group of movements which I attend to as a whole. I seem to get beforehand a sort of 'feel' of the whole group which is run through with that sort of conception and direction of attention.
Seite 78 - The best results are attained when attention omits these automatic steps as fast as possible." 2. Part Played by Consciousness in Learning Typewriting. A second significant fact about the learning is, as we have said, that all adaptations and short cuts in method were unconsciously made, that is, fallen into by the learners quite unintentionally on the good days while practicing under strain. The learners suddenly noticed that they were doing certain parts of the work in a new and better way, then...
Seite 86 - Those possible have become harder and harder to make, because they must be made in the realm of higher habits where the learner has had less experience. Every man has had experience with the first stages of learning, but little with the later stages because most people touch lightly many things and are masters of nothing. There being now fewer adaptations to make and those possible being harder and harder to make, and the process of finally perfecting all the special associations being so gradual...
Seite 165 - Charge will be mode if this cord is mutilated or not returned with the book DO NOT REMOVE OR MUTILATE CARD...