ART. VII. 1. Travels to and from Constantinople, in the Years 1827 and 1828; or Personal Narrative of a Journey from Vienna, through Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia, Bulgaria, and Romelia, to Constantinople; and from that City to the Capital of Austria, by the Dardanelles, Tenedos, the Plains of Troy, Smyrna, Athens, Cyprus, Syria, Alexandria, Malta, Sicily, Italy, Istria, Carniola, and Styria. By Captain Charles Colville Frankland, 2. Travels in Turkey, Egypt, Nubia, and Palestine, in 1824, 1825, 1826, and 1827. By R. R. Madden, Esq. Months in the Turkish Capital and Provinces ; with an Account of the Present State of the Naval and Military IX. A Dissertation on the Course and probable Termination X. 1. Organon der Heilkunst von Samuel Hahnemann. CONTENTS OF No. XCIX. Page ART. I. The Life of John Locke; with Extracts from his Cor- 5. Mémoire sur le Tarif des Sucres, par les Raffineurs 6. Observations Adressées à la Commission d'Enquête, par le Délégué de la Chambre de Commerce de 7. Mémoire à son Excellence le Ministre du Com- merce, &c. par les Fabricans d'Etoffes de Soie de 8. The Manufactures and Commerce of Lyons, trans- lated from the French of Charles Dupin. 9. Rapport de la Commission Libre, nommée par les Manufacturiers et Negocians de Paris, sur l'Enquête relative à l'état actuel de l'industrie du Coton en 10. Situation de l'Industrie Cotonière en France, en 1828, par M. Singer, ex-Negociant-manufacturier. 11. Petition des Propriétaires de Vignes, du Départe- ment de la Gironde, Adressée aux Chambres, et 12. Recherches Statistiques sur les Forêts de la France, IV. Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe, Wife of the Right Ho- nourable Sir Richard Fanshawe, Baronet, Ambassa- VI. Utilitarian Theory of Government, and the Great- VII. Sermons and Tracts; including Remarks on the Cha- racter and Writings of Milton, and of Fenelon; and an Analysis of the Character of Napoleon Bo- VIII 1. L'agent immédiat du mouvement vital dévoilé, dans sa nature et dans son mode d'action, chez les Végé- taux, &c. Par M. H. Dutrochet. 2. Organographie Végétale, ou Description Raisonnée des Organes des Plantes. Par M. Aug. Pyr. De 3. Conversations on Vegetable Physiology, compre- hending the Elements of Botany, with their Ap- IX. Travels in Arabia; comprehending an Account of those territories in Hedjaz which the Mahomme- X. Library of Useful Knowledge. Farmer's Series. XI. Cours de Philosophie. Par M. V. Cousin, Professeur de Philosophie à la Faculté des Lettres de Paris 194 XII. Narrative of an Ascent to the Summit of Mont Blanc, on the 8th and 9th August, 1827. By John Auldjo, Esq. of Trinity College, Cambridge XIII. Lectures on Sculpture. By John Flaxman, Esq. R.A. 231 XIV. 1. Lärbok i Kemien. Af Dr J. Jac. Berzelius, Chemiæ Professor Vid Carolinska, Medico-Chirur- giska Instituteti Stockholm, &c. 2. Elements of Practical Chemistry; comprising a Series of Experiments in every Department of Che- THE EDINBURGH REVIEW. OCTOBER, 1829. No. XCIX. ART. I.—The Life of John Locke; with Extracts from his Correspondence, Journals, and Common-Place Books. By Lord KING. 4to, pp. 416. London, 1829. appearance of a Life of Locke by the representative of his Tfamily, and that representative so distinguished a person as Lord King, is an event of more than ordinary importance in the world of letters. But this volume is of higher value than as a piece of biography, how ably soever it may be executed. The noble author has justly deemed it his duty to make his illustrious kinsman as much as possible his own historian; and has given, from the stores of correspondence and unfinished works in his possession, a number of pieces, which, beside presenting in striking colours the habits of that great man, also throw much light upon the characters and the events of the times in which he lived. It becomes, therefore, impossible to occupy this article with general observations upon the Life and Writings of Mr Locke. The work before us is important enough to demand especial attention for itself, and not to be made the occasion of a dissertation upon its subject. That must be reserved for another opportunity; which will doubtless be presented by some of the controversial tracts that are likely to arise out of the present publication. John Locke was born at Wrington, in Somersetshire, in the year 1632, ten years before Sir Isaac Newton. His father was a man of moderate landed estate; and had been injured by the Civil Wars, in which he served as a captain on the parliamentary side. After receiving his school education at Westminster, Locke was sent to Oxford in 1651, and soon became distinguished among his fellow students of Christ Church for his learning, as well as natural abilities. But the philosophy of the Schools then retained entire dominion at Oxford; and he has been heard, in after life, to regret having consumed the most valuable time for study at that University, where, in those days, he could learn so little of what was really useful. Lord King, however, adds, that it is probable more has been made of these expressions than they deserved; for he justly observes, that he must have derived considerable benefit from the leisure there afforded for cultivating by himself other branches of learning, when he perceived the futility of the Scholastic; and he undoubtedly enjoyed at that place the society of able men, whose conversation led him to form the idea of his great work. That he held self-education to be by far the most important of any, and had experienced this in his own case, there can be no doubt. The following passages, from two letters to Lord Peterborough upon this subject, set it in a strong light: In answer to a letter from the Earl of Peterborough, who had applied to him to recommend a tutor for his son, he says, "I must beg leave to own that I differ a little from your Lordship in what you propose; your Lordship would have a thorough scholar, and I think it not much matter whether he be any great scholar or no; if he but understand Latin well, and have a general scheme of the sciences, I think that enough; but I would have him well-bred, well-tempered; a man that, having been conversant with the world and amongst men, would have great application in observing the humour and genius of my lord your son; and omit nothing that might help to form his mind, and dispose him to virtue, knowledge, and industry. This I look upon as the great business of a tutor; this is putting life into his pupil, which when he has got, masters of all kinds are easily to be had; for when a young gentleman has got a relish of knowledge, the love and credit of doing well spurs him on; he will, with or without teachers, make great advances in whatever he has a mind to. Mr Newton learned his mathematics only of himself; and another friend of mine, Greek, (wherein he is very well skilled) without a master; though both these studies seem more to require the help of a tutor than almost any other."—In a letter to the same person on the same subject, 1697, says, "When a man has got an entrance into any of the sciences, it will be time then to depend on himself, and rely upon his own understanding, and exercise his own faculties, which is the only way to improvement and mastery." After recommending the study of history, he farther says, "The great end of such histories as Livy, is to give an account of the actions of man as embodied in society, and so of the true foundation of politics; but the flourishings and decays of commonwealths depending not barely on the present time for what is done within themselves, but most commonly on remote and precedent constitution and events, and a train of concurrent actions amongst their neighbours as well as themselves; the order of time is absolutely necessary to a due know he |