Figure from Herodotus.] * SECTION XIX. * [The beginning of this Section is loft, but the Senfe is easily fupplied from what immediately follows.] Another great Help in attaining Grandeur, is banishing the Copulatives at a proper Seafon. For Sentences, artfully divefted of Conjunctions, drop fmoothly down, and the Periods are poured along in fuch a manner that they seem to outstrip the very Thought of the Speaker. "Then, fays Xenophon, * closing "their Shields together, they were push'd, they fought, they flew, they were flain." So Eurylochus in Homer: † We went, Ulyffes! (fuch was thy Command) A Palace in a woody Vale we found Brown with dark Forefts, and with Shades around. Mr. Pope. For Words of this fort diffevered from one another, and yet uttered at the fame time with Precipitation, carry with them the En ergy Rerum Græc. p. 219. Ed. Oxon, & in Orat. de Agefil. + Odys. x. v. 251. ergy and Marks of a Confternation which at once restrains and accelerates the Words. So skilfully has Homer rejected the Conjunctions. SECTION XX. BUT nothing fo effectually moves as a heap of Figures combined together. For when two or three are linked together in firm Confederacy, they communicate Strength, Efficacy and Beauty to one another. So in Demofthenes' Oration * against Midias, the Afyndetons are blended and mix'd together with the Repetitions and lively Description." There "åre feveral Turns in the Gefture, in the "Look, in the Voice of the Man who does "violence to another, which it is impoffible for "the Party that fuffers fuch Violence to ex"prefs;" and that the course of his Oration might not languish or grow dull by a further Progress in the fame Track (for Calmness and Sedatenefs attend always upon Order, but the Pathetic always rejects Order, because it throws the Soul into Transport and Emotion) he paffes immeediately to new Afyndetons and fresh Repetitions "in the Gesture, in the Look, in the "Voice--when like a Ruffian, when like an Enemy, when with his Fift, when on the Face."-E 4 The Pag. 337. Ed. Par. The effect of these Words upon his Judges is like that of the Blows of him who made the Affault; the Strokes fall thick upon one another, and their very Souls are fubdued by fo violent an Attack. Afterwards, he charges again with all the Force and Impetuofity of Hurricanes; " when with his Fift, when on "the Face" "These things affect, these things exafperate Men unused to fuch Outrages. No body in giving a Recital of these things can exprefs the Heinoufness of "them." By frequent Variation, he every where preferves the natural force of his Repetitions and Afyndetons, so that with him Order feems always difordered, and Disorder carries with it a furprizing Regularity. TO illustrate the foregoing Obfervation, let us imitate the Stile of Ifocrates, and infert the Copulatives in this Paffage, wherever they may feem requifite. "Nor indeed is one Ob"fervation to be omitted, that he who com"mits Violence on another, may do many things, &c. first in his Gesture, then in "his Countenance, and thirdly in his Voice, "which, &c. And if you proceed to infert the Conjunctions, you will find that by fmoothing I fmoothing the Roughness, and filling up the Breaks by fuch Additions, what was before forcibly, furprizingly, irrefiftbly pathetical, will lose all its Energy and Spirit, will have all its Fire immediately extinguished. To bind the Limbs of Racers is to deprive them of active Motion and the Power of Stretching. In like manner the Pathetic, when embarraffed and entangled in the Bonds of Copulatives, cannot fubfift without difficulty. It is quite depriv'd of Liberty in its Race, and divefted of that Impetuofity by which it ftrikes the very Instant it is discharged. SECTION XXII. HYPERBATONS alfo are to be rank'd among the serviceable Figures. An Hyperbaton is a tranfpofing of Words or Thoughts out of their natural and grammatical Order, and it is a Figure ftamped as it were with the trueft Image of a moft forcible Paffion. 2 When Men are actuated either by Wrath, or Fear, or Indignation, or Jealousy, or any of those numberlefs Paffions incident to the Mind, which cannot be reckoned up, they fluctuate here, and there, and every where, are ftill upon forming new Refolutions, and breaking thro' Measures before concerted with out out any apparent Reafon: Still unfixed and undetermined their Thoughts are in perpetual Hurry, till, toffed as it were by fome unftable Blaft, they fometimes return to their first Refolution: So that by this Flux and Reflux of Paffion, they alter their Thoughts, their Language, and their manner of Expreffion a thoufand times. Hence it comes to pass that 3 an Imitation of thefe Tranfpofitions gives the most celebrated Writers the greatest Refemblance of the inward Workings of Nature. For Art may then be termed perfect and confummate, when it seems to be Nature; and Nature then fucceeds beft, when the conceals what Affiftance fhe receives from Art. In Herodotus,* Dionyfius the Phocean speaks thus in a Tranfpofition; "For our Affairs are come to their Crifis; now is the important "Moment, Ionians, to fecure your Liberty, or to undergo that Cruelty and Oppreffion "which is the Portion of Slaves, nay Fugi❝tive-Slaves. Submit yourselves then to Toil " and Labour for the present. This Toil and *Labour will be of no long continuance; it "will defeat your Enemies, and guard your "Freedom." The natural Order was this: "O Ionians, now is the Time to fubmit * Herod. 1. 6. c. 11. to |