or 20 miles in a south-east direction, rises a beautiful mountain, occupying a large portion of that part of the island which lies on that side of the isthmus;-and behind you the loftier mountains that occupy a large portion of the islands on this side. On your right the beautiful bay of Maalaea. Morokini (Mo-ro-kee-nee,) appears only as a rock rising but a little above the ocean. Tahurawa (Tah-hoo-rah-wah,) a little more to the right, appears somewhat more deserving of the name of an island instead of a rock. On your left, a pleasant bay, and an open ocean, wash the shores of Wairuku (Wy-roo-koo.)

The

plain in this part appears to be made of sand, which, to some extent, is continually changing its position by the action of the wind, throwing it into hillocks and banks resembling drifts of snow, and thus disclosing many fragments of human skeletons of former generations, wasted tenements, once the habitations of immortal souls, that knew nothing of JESUS and his resurrec

tion.

Over these we walked, as we proceeded to the king's temporary dwelling, or lodging place, at Wyrookoo.

Dedication of a house for worship.

On the 24th inst. we had the happiness to dedicate to the Lord Jehovah a new house for divine worship, lately erected by the king's mother and her husband, and Krimakoo. They were present at the dedication with Kamamaloo, and other important persons, and many of the common people. preached in the vernacular tongue from Gen. 28:17; "How dreadful is this place; this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaWe sung in the native language the Jubilee hymn, "Blow ye the trumpet," and in English, "Wake, Isles of the South, your redemption is near."

ven."

There is now one church at Wymaah;— one at Hanapapa, where Mr. Whitney preaches weekly;-one at Hanaroorah, where public worship is usually attended three times a week;-one at this place; and now the fifth in the islands is building by governor Adams at Kaima (Ki-mah) on Owhyhee. Four of our brethren are still on that island, successfully exploring it, and preaching the word, and preparing the way for occupying that field by two new stations.

Readiness of the people to attend worship.

Mr. Bingham's return is daily expected, and his presence is now needed at this station, as there is no one here competent to preach to the people. Auna, the Tahitian convert, conducted, till recently, the native service; but he left this place about a fortnight ago, to accompany Kaahoomanoo and Tamoree on their visit to Mowee. Though Stephen Popohe has been the only one to conduct religious worship for the natives, there yet has been no falling off of numbers, the house being usually full, or nearly so. It is pretty certain that the attendance of the common people on divine service has not been owing to the attendance of the chiefs. When the principal chiefs were recently absent, the house of worship was not deserted, but, on the contrary, it was filled with the common people, who would hardly have ventured to enter, if the chiefs had been present; especially if the chiefs had taken their seats at the entrance of the house, for the benefit of the wind, as they usually do.

CHEROKEES OF THE ARKANSAW.

THIRD REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR.

WE have received from the missionaries at

Dwight a copy of their annual Report to the Secretary of War, prepared in October last; most of which, as giving a general view of the progress of the mission, we think it proper to

insert.

The time of commencing our enterprise, the general course we have pursued, the commencement of a school, the plan upon labor in the several departments of the Inwhich it was founded, and the progress of stitution to October 1822, have already been communicated. The progress of labor in bringing forward the establishment ceeded our expectations. Additional buildfor the year past has equalled, if not exings have been erected, roads improved, tinued in successful operation. the plantation extended, and a school con

We have erected and completed a framed house 30 feet by 36 for the girls and instructress, two log cabins 16 by 14 for the boys, a framed barn 40 by 30, and a saw mill and grist mill. The saw mill is completed, and the grist mill nearly 90. Aside from these, we have erected some smaller all our dwelling houses, the girls' house, out buildings, and put glass windows into the dining hall and kitchen and school

Progress in agriculture. In the agricultural department, they had cleared and fenced, during the year, about 40

acres of land. About twenty acres were planted with corn, nearly half of which, how. ever, was destroyed by excessive early rains. Most of the planting, and a great part of the hoeing was done by the boys.-By way of experiment upon small grain, they had sowed about eight acres with wheat, and prepared five or six for rye.-Clover and timothy hay had been found to succeed. In consequence of having lost a part of their stock by the severity of the preceding winter, they were turning their attention more to the procuring of fodder.

State of the schools.

In connexion with the establishment is a flourishing school, in two divisions, under the special care and tuition of an instructer and an instructress. The whole number of Cherokee children in our family, who are enjoying the privilege of literary, moral and religious instruction, is sixty;thirty-four male, and twenty-six female. Most of this number have been in school one year, about one half two years, and some longer. The progress of all these equals, if it does not exceed that of most children, in a given time, in civilized society. They pursue their several studies with more ardor, diligence, cheerfulness and expertness, submit to all directions || with more promptitude, and make better progress in every branch of a useful education, than we ever expected to witness among the natives of the forest. The number might be increased to a hundred or a hundred and fifty within a few days, if we would open our doors for their reception; but our limited resources at present prevent our enlarging the number. Many are anxiously waiting for an opportunity to commit their children to our care, and often urge their admission with great importunity. But the fact that the operations of the American Board of Missions, on whose support the school is chiefly dependent, are too extended to supply fully the wants of all their numerous establishments, renders it necessary for us, notwithstanding the pain it occasions, to turn a deaf ear to all solicitations to increase our number. For the supply of our personal wants we have no anxiety, and have not, consequently, on this account merely, experienced any want of enlarged resources, but when with philanthropic feelings we look upon the degraded state of the natives, and witness their anxiety to rise from this degradation, or at least to have their children after them a better and more enlightened community than themselves, we look with pain at the smallness of our means, and have to do violence to our feelings, to VOL. XX.

send back to the darkness of the forest any who sue for the privileges of the Institution.

Prospect of success.

Every day's experience in our efforts to meliorate the condition of this people strengthens our belief in the practicability of their reform; and nothing is wanting, so far as means are concerned, beyond what is in the reach of an enlightened and benevolent community, to raise this people, now in ignorance and darkness, to a state of society as happy, as enlightened, and as moral, as any part of the United States, or of the Christian world. Facts which have transpired within our own circumscribed sphere of action justify this impression. Our Institution, with the system of means we have adopted, is but in its infancy. We have labored in the commencement and progress under strong prejudices in the minds of many of the natives, and among and around them are unfriendly white men, who have made every effort to weaken our hands, and to sour the minds of the Cherokees against us; but, notwithstanding all these and many other untoward circumstances, a happy influence of our feeble exertions is felt to every corner of this part of the tribe; and a good degree of confidence prevails amongst them, that our object, and that of our patrons and supporters, is their good. A majority feel that the institution at Dwight is the glory of the tribe; and so far as this feeling obtains, it is accompanied with a desire to act in a manner worthy of the efforts which are made to enlighten and reform them. The influence of this desire is evidently leading them in a degree to renounce those vicious habits which have been derived from intercourse with unprincipled white men. Whiskey and other kinds of ardent spirits, which have been brought in amongst them in great abundance by citizens of the United States, and by individuals of their own people, have been attended with incalculable evils; and to this source may be referred the outrages and enormities which they have committed, rather than to any peculiar malignity or barbarity of heart among them. But happily for them and for our own people on their borders, this deadly evil is diminishing. A less amount is brought in among them by Cherokee traders, and a much less ready sale is obtained by those citizens of the States, who, regardless of law or justice, attempt to make gain by diffusing among an ignorant people physical and moral poison. Two men in the tribe, one a Cherokee and the other a white man with a Cherokee family, who have heretofore supplied nearly half this part of the tribe, have relinquished the 15

of pot stone. It is used by the Hindoos during the festival of the Dole Jattra, when three silver images are swung backwards and forwards. The swing is fastened to the stone arch by brass chains. The arch stands on an elevated platform, and the images are sprinkled with rose water and a red powder, like what is used during the hooly. The arch was originally at Kanaruck, and subsequently removed to this place.

The idol of Juggernauth, which is so celebrated, that pilgrims resort to worship it from the remotest parts of India, is probably the coarsest image in the country. The figure does not extend below the loins, and it has no hands, but two stumps in lieu of arms, on which the priests occasionally fasten hands of gold. A Christian is almost led to think that it was an attempt to see how low idolatry could debase the human mind. The priests endeavor to account for the deformity by a strange legendary tale. Some thousands of years ago, in the Sut Jog, or Sutya Yuga, Maharajah Indradyumna, of Oojein, in Malwa, applied to the celebrated manufacturer of gods, to make a new idol. This request was granted, on condition that the Maharajah should be very patient, and not interrupt the work, as it could never be completed if any attempt was made to see the process. This caution was not duly attended to. The prince endeavored to see what progress had been made, and it became necessary that he should be satisfied with the imperfect image.

It may be easily supposed that a very large establishment of priests and others, is attached to such a temple. One of the headmen stated the number to consist of 3000 families, including 400 families of cooks to prepare holy food. The provisions furnished daily for the idol and his attendants, consist of 220 pounds of rice, 97 pounds of kullye (a pulse), 24 pounds of moong (a small grain), 188 pounds of clarified buffaloes' butter, 80 pounds of molasses, 32 pounds of vegetables, 10 pounds of sour milk, 24 pounds of spices, 2 pounds of sandal wood, some camphor (2 tolahs), 20 pounds of salt, 4 rupees or 10 shillings worth of firewood: also 22 pounds of lamp-oil for lights at night. This holy food is presented to the idol three times a day. The gates are shut, and no one but a few personal servants is allowed to be present. This meal lasts about an hour, during which period the dancing girls attached to the temple, dance in the room with many pillars. On the ringing of a bell the doors are thrown open, and the food removed.

The food prepared for sale, or bespoken by the inhabitants, is not brought into the

large tower, but collected in the Begue Mundeer, where it can be seen and sanctified by the idol from his distant throne.

In addition to this food, a very considerable extra quantity is allowed for the great festivals: and in order to make this superstition as profitable as possible, the priests have decided that nothing can pollute the food prepared in the temple-it may be conveyed to any place-it may be touched by a Mussulman, or a Christian, without becoming unfit for a Hindoo. Nothing can be more convenient than such a belief, as Hindoos in general must eat their food. where it is cooked, and a thousand things may pollute it. The consequence is, that the cooks are employed to prepare food for most of the pilgrims, at a price which varies according to the demand, and is always highest during the festivals. It is said that a few days before the festival of the Ruth Jattra, food is cooked within the court of the temple for at least 100,000 pilgrims; and it will easily be credited that on these occasions, the 400 families of cooks have full employment. The potters make earthen pots of three sizes; the food is carried away in them, and they form a kind of standard measure: and as none but new pots can be used, the consumption is very great, and supports a great many families. The only interruption to this cooking is during the time the idol is travelling in his car to the place where he was formed, and returning to the temple: about a fortnight in all.

There are twelve festivals celebrated at Juggernauth during the year, but by far the most important season is the Ruth Jattra: when the idol is placed on a car, and visits the place where he was originally formed, called Junnuckpore. This happens either in June or July, and the number of pilgrims who attend, is very much regulated by the season. When the new moon of Assaur occurs early in June, there is a prospect of fair weather, and about 150,000 are supposed to attend the ceremonies; but when it is late in the month, many are deterred by the dread of encountering the periodical rains, which destroy a great many of the poor deluded creatures, the greater part of whom are exposed night and day to the inclemency of the weather. A good many Hindoos undertake this pilgrimage during the driest weather, and arrive to celebrate the Chundnun Jattra; on which occasion Juggernauth deputes several idols to partake of a bath of sandal-wood water, prepared on purpose, in a little temple on a neighboring tank. The ceremony closes by a procession of these petty idols on rafts, which are floated three times round the tank, or large reservoir of water. The Rajah of Khoordab