see the Dictionary' as perfect as possible, to write The Scriptorium, Oxford. "BANKER OUT THE WITS" (7th S. vii. 168).-Dr. Pusey was quoting Love's Labour's Lost,' I. i. 27; but from some inadvertence on the part of somebody the bankerout of the folio was printed as two words instead of one, and so becomes a wonder. Dr. Murray does not ignore it in his 'Dictionary'; it is to be found under "Bankrupt, vb.," where it is given as being a sixteenth century form of that word. Knight's edition of Shakespeare has "bankerout the wits"; but he says that other modern copies have "bank'rout quite." In the Globe edition, by which I mostly swear, the passage runs : The mind shall banquet, though the body pine: [Very many replies to this effect are acknowledged.] youthful career of a weak, timid lad, the son of a Till all the medicine he prepared was dealt, The father ceases only when he has left the poor May I ask admirers of Crabbe if a poet who approves of such unmerciful treatment of a son by his father can justly be called a moral teacher? Cruelty, it must be remembered, is the greatest of all sins. I have not seen Mr. Kebbel's recently published Life of Crabbe,' and I do not know if he alludes to this painful story. JONATHAN BOUCHIER. Ropley, Alresford. LONG PERNE COURT (7th S. vii. 109, 178).-I do not certainly know whether perne is here connected with the law term pernour or pernor (see Blount's 'Nomo-Lexicon '); but I know that Nares gives the verb to pern, to take profits, which he very justly says is a made-up word, formed from the substantives pernor and pernancy. Pernor is said by Blount to be from the French preneur, a DUGGLEBY (7th S. vii. 147).-" Parish of Kirby taker. However, pernour is the correct Anglo- Grindalyth.-Upon Duggleby Wold there was at French form, and occurs in the compound main-one time a group of three barrows lying very close pernour in the Statutes of the Realm, i. 54, A.D. 1283; and in the Year-Books of Edward I., A.D. 1302-3, p. 109, &c. Of course the derivation of these words is from the Latin præhendere. That perne can be " a corruption" of firma is, of course, impossible; even corruptions" follow phonetic laws. Initial p may become f, but f does not become p. WALTER W. SKEAT. CRABBE'S TALES OF THE HALL' (7th S. vi. 506; vii. 114). As this dreary, but no doubt powerful poet is on the carpet of N. & Q.' at present, may I take the opportunity of pointing out an episode of course, well known to readers of Crabbe-which I do not remember ever to have seen alluded to by any critic or moralist, and which curiously marks the difference between our milder manners and those of a century ago, and proves what great strides in humanity we have made, as I hope, since those evil lash-ruled days. The tale entitled 'The Learned Boy' describes the together. Of these, one was removed several years since, and of the two remaining I opened the larger. This was 74 ft. in diameter and 6 ft. high." This in an extract from Canon Greenwell's 'British Barrows,' p. 140, and the remainder of the paragraph gives details of the results of the opening, which were of such a nature as to leave no doubt whatever that the barrow must be referred to the same archaeological period as the preponderating majority of the barrows opened by the writer in the same district; and that is the age of the bronzeusing people who must have been in occupation in the later prehistoric period. I did not see this barrow opened myself, although associated with Mr. Greenwell in the examination of a good many of the barrows on the Wolds. As regards "the meaning and the derivation of the name Duggleby, all that can be safely said is that it occurs on fo. iii of the Yorkshire Domesday facsimile, in the form Dighelibi, and on ff. xxxiv and lxxxvii in the form Difgelibi, and that as early as in the last quarter of the thirteenth century the seventeenth century counter, being one of a set of prefix to the Danish element -by had settled down thirty-six issued about the year 1632. There is into the dissyllable Deuchel. It would be easy to another set, also of thirty-six, but with busts insuggest a Scandinavianized Celtic name-form, or stead of standing figures, issued about 1636. See one depending on simply Teutonic elements, eitherMedallic Illustrations,' vol. i. p. 379. These of which might supply the said prefix. But it counters are stamped in imitation of engraving, would be no better than a guess. and are in the style of those issued by Simon Passe J. C. ATKINSON. and his brother. Isolated examples of the counters are common, but complete sets, like the two in the British Museum, are rare. JOHN EVANS. Danby in Cleveland. Duggleby is situated on the chalk wolds of the East Riding of Yorkshire, and is a township in the parish of Kirby Grindalyth. It appears as Dighelibi and Difgelibi in Domesday, as Deukelby or Deukylby in 1284, and as Duggelby in 1293. In Domesday it is entered as one of the manors held by Berenger de Todeni. In 1284, it was in the fee of Roger Bygod, Earl of Norfolk and Earl Marshall; from him it passed to the De Vesci family, and in 1293 was in the hands of the king. One of the largest tumuli on the wolds stands close to the village. The first part of the name seems to be a proper name. We have Diccelingas, in the "Cod. Dipl.,' 314, while Dowgles and Dugles appear as Yorkshire names in the reign of Elizabeth. ISAAC TAYLOR. GOFER BELLS: GOFER MONEY (7th S. vii. 47, 174). If these expressions are related to gofer, a wafer, all difficulty vanishes; for gofer is the French gaufre, derived from the Teutonic word which in English is spelt wafer. The supposition that "the name is a corruption of gofrè, figured," shows a singular confusion of thought; indeed, the use of the word "corruption" is always a sign of etymological weakness. We should not say that fringe is a corruption of fringed; and, similarly, gofre or gaufre is the past participle of the verb gaufrer, which was made from the sb. gaufre, and from nothing else. See Littré's 'French Dictionary.' WALTER W. SKEAT. Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead. ALICE PERRERS (7th S. vii. 148).—According to Moberly's Life of William of Wykeham' (p. 114) Alice Perrers was a native of Henney, in Essex, the daughter of a tiler. But in Pauli's Geschichte born in Devon and the daughter of a weaver. von England,' vol. iv., Alice is said to have been PAUL Q. KARKEEK. W. L. R. is informed that the lady's name was Perers, and not Ferrers. She was daughter of Sir Perers, and maid of honour to Queen Philippa, and married to William, Baron de Wyndesore. As much as could be said of her will be found in 'Duchetiana,' under the history of the Wyndesore family in that work. It may be seen at the British Museum. T. BERKELEYS OF Beverston (7th S. vii. 169).— Sir John Berkeley, father of Elizabeth, Lady Cherlton, was the same as John, son of Thomas, Lord Berkeley, by his second wife. Sir John's wife was Elizabeth Bettesthorne. A pedigree of the Berkeleys of Beverston, as far as known, is in Dr. Blunt's 'Dursley and its Neighbourhood,' p. 135. If your correspondent will give me an address to send it to, I shall be happy to copy it. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Foleshill Hall, Longford, Coventry. EXPULSION OF THE JEWS (7th S. v. 328, 492; For "Gofer," see Skeat's 'Etym. Dict.,' s. v. vi. 57, 195, 317; vii. 74).—The passage relating "Wafer," where there is a reference to "a quota- to the expulsion of the Jews, quoted by Milman tion, dated 1433, given by Roquefort, in his Sup-(Hist. of the Jews,' vol. iii. p. 262, note g, fourth plement,' s. v. "Audier." The more usual O.F. form was gaufre, or goffre, in which g is substituted for the original w. In this quotation we have mention of un fer a waufres," an iron to bake wafers." The whole subject is very interesting to trace in its ramifications. When applied to the gilded and embossed leaves of richly-bound books, for example, it is difficult to remember that the ornament began with wafers. JULIAN MARSHALL. edition, 1866) from the 'Report on the Dignity of a Peer,' may be much more conveniently consulted in Wykes himself, as published in the 'Monastic Annals' of the Rolls Series. It will be found vol. iv. p. 326. The banishment of the Jews is also mentioned in other chronicles of the same series, e. g., the 'Annals of Waverley' (ib., vol. ii. p. 409)— where it is attributed to the influence of Eleanor of Provence, the queen mother, whom Bishop Stubbs calls "their steady enemy" (Constit. Hist., vol. iii. P. 532)—and those of Dunstable (ib., vol. iii. p. 362) and of Bermondsey (ib., p. 467). Milman mentions with regret that the Act ordering the expulsion of the Jews"has not come down to us." This is to be accounted for by the fact that the measure was not one coming with the authority of an Act of Parliament in the ordinary sense, but, as Bishop Stubbs has said (u.s., p. 122), "an act done by the king himself in his private council, 'per regem et secretum concilium.'" The safe conduct for their departure-how brutally and shamefully violated by the ship-masters of the Cinque Ports, Wykes and Matthew of Westminster tell us is dated July 27, 1290 (Rymer, ' Foed.,' vol. i. p. 736). The day fixed for their finally quitting England was All Saints' Day, Nov. 1. Any Jew, with some stated exceptions, found in England after that day was to be hanged or beheaded. E. VENABLES. VEINS IN THE NOSE (7th S. vii. 25, 153).-The superstition alluded to is one that prevails in the North Riding of Yorkshire. In Mr. R. Hunt's 'Popular Romances of the West of England,' p. 431, ed. 1881, is the following passage :— "A fond mother was paying more than ordinary attention to a fine healthy-looking child, a boy about three years old. The poor woman's breast was heaving with emotion, and she struggled to repress her sighs. Upon inquiring if anything was really wrong, she said the old lady of the house had just told her that the child could not live long, because he had a blue vein across his nose."" F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. I think the right version is : If he has blue veins on the nose He'll never wear his wedding clothes. This was told me by a Somersetshire nursery-maid, but I have lived to disprove it, for the "he" in question married twice and died a widower. The veins disappeared as his complexion became manly; perhaps this is generally the case. P. P. In Worcestershire they say : Born with a blue mark over her nose Knightwick Rectory. "The remains of Admiral Bligh were deposited in a vault in the churchyard of the parish church of St. Mary, Lambeth. On the south side of the church is his tomb, which has been repaired and restored by the Society of Arts," This, I imagine, is conclusive; but a reference to the parish register would best remove your correspondent's doubts. The insertion of this query gives me an opportunity of asking for further information about Bligh; I mean with regard to his conduct when in command of the Bounty. Though I have read a good deal about that celebrated mutiny, I have never met with Mr. Edward Christian's comments on the court-martial in which Bligh's conduct was put in an unfavourable light, nor with his own answer to them. But a book has lately been published-I think by Ballantyne-under the title of The Lonely Island,' in which Bligh is spoken of by the disaffected officers as a "scoundrel," and certainly the language towards them attributed to him there is of the grossest kind. One would wish to know the real facts, for it is not pleasant to believe that so distinguished a navigator and so brave a man could be guilty of mean and ungentlemanly conduct. Mr. Murray admits that he had occasional outbreaks of anger and excitement, in common with many naval commanders in those days, but says that it was his study to make his men comfortable and happy, and the truth of this statement would seem to be confirmed by several incidents related in the history of the voyage. Perhaps some of your readers may be able to throw light on the matter. I should also much like to know whether there is authority for the account given in 'The Lonely Island' of the proceedings of the nine mutineers at Pitcairn, beyond the barest facts. E. L. H. TEW, M.A. Hornsea Vicarage, E. Yorks. Admiral William Bligh was born at St. Teath, in Cornwall, on Sept. 9, 1754; became a viceadmiral of the blue in June, 1814; died in Bond Street, London, on Dec. 7, 1817; and was buried in Lambeth Churchyard. He married Elizabeth Betham, of the Isle of Man; she died at Durham Place, Lambeth, on April 15, 1812, aged sixty. The admiral's brother, the Rev. James Bligh, head master of Derby Free Grammar School, died Aug. 18, 1834, aged seventy-five. Of the admiral's children, Harriet Maria, the eldest daughter, died Feb. 26, 1856, having married in 1802 Henry Aston Barker, exhibitor of panoramas, who died July 19, 1856. The second daughter, Mary Bligh, She married (1) in 1804 died Dec. 10, 1863. John Patland, of Butler's Grove, Kilkenny, and (2) in 1810 Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell, K. C.H., who died at Sydney, Australia, May 26, 1848. GEORGE C. BOASE. 36, James Street, Buckingham Gate, S.W. Admiral Bligh lived at Farningham, and may have died there. As a child I have stayed at his house, and handled the bullet with which he weighed the food to his companions during their He was probably buried in London, as a mourning perilous voyage in an open boat after the mutiny. coach came there to fetch my father to his funeral. ALFRED GATTY, D.D. [See' N. & Q.,' 2nd S. ii. 411, 472; 4th S. vii. 432; ix. 534.] ALEXANDER (7th S. vii. 128).-There can be no doubt that the reason of Alexander being so popular a name in Scotland is on account of the long reigns of Alexander II. and III. of Scotland. JANE SHORE (7th S. vii. 68).—Bromley, in his Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits,' enumerates four portraits of this unfortunate woman : one by Bartolozzi, from a picture "at Dr. Peckard's, of Magd. Coll., Camb., done for Harding's Shakspeare, 1790," adding, in a note, that he was informed that this painting had been regularly traced up to its original possessor, Dean Colet"; another, by the same engraver, for the same work; a third, by Faber, sen., from a picture at Eton College; and a fourth, by Tyson, from a painting at King's College, Cambridge. I cannot say if the pictures still remain in their original positions. JULIAN MARSHALL. whom very little is known. Irving, in History of Scotish Poetry,' p. 483, has the following : "Samuel Colville was a poet of considerable reputation. He is described as a gentleman; an expression which is perhaps intended to signify that he belonged to no profession; and his name occurs in a bond of provision,' executed by his father on May 5, 1643. His popularity as a poet seems at least to have equalled his merit. His Whiggs Supplication' was circulated before it appeared in print, and manuscript copies of it are still to be found; it was published in the year 1681, and has passed through several editions. Colville is manifestly an imitator of Butler, but he displays a slender portion of Butler's wit and humour." 6 Alexander Hume inscribed his 'Hymnes or Sacred Songs' to Lady Culross, Colville's mother, author of A Godly Dream.' Colville is probably author of a theological work entitled The Grand Impostor Discovered; or, an Historical Dispute of the Papacy and Popish Religion, Part I.' See Irving's 'Scotish Poets,' ii. 299. THOMAS BAYNE. Helensburgh, N.B. MARK RIDLEY (7th S. vii. 68).-He was the son of Launcelot Ridley, rector of Stretham, near Clare Hall, Cambridge, and proceeded M.A. in Ely, and was born in 1559. He was educated at 1584 and M.D. before 1592. In 1594 he was made a fellow of the College of Physicians, and immediately afterwards went to Russia as physician to the English merchants there, and chief physician to the Czar, to which post he had been recommended by Lord Burghley. He remained there four years, and after the death of the Czar he was recalled by Queen Elizabeth, and received permission to return home. He fixed himself in London, and died before Feb. 14, 1623/4. For more particulars vide Munk, 'Roll of the Royal College of Physicians,' vol. i. p. 106, Lond., 1878. Besides his 'Short Treatise on Magneticall Bodies and Motions,' 1613, he wrote 'Magneticall Animadversions upon certaine Magneticall Advertisements lately published from Maister W. Barlow,' 1617, to which the Archdeacon of Salisbury replied, in 1618, with 'Magneticall Advertisements, whereunto is annexed a Breife Discoverie of the Idle Animadversions of Mark Ridley upon this Treatise.' DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE. ALDERMEN OF LONDON (7th S. vii. 128, 177).— I am inclined to think the custom of removing from one ward to another has not been exercised by the Aldermen of London (except by the fathers of the City) since the removal of Sir Humphrey Edwin from Cheap to Tower Street ward, on Sept. 22, 1689. Certainly there have been none since the commencement of the eighteenth century. These removals are a source of serious confusion to the chronicler, some aldermen having passed through no fewer than five wards. The origin of the custom possibly arose in the period when aldermen were permitted to hold office for one year only; although this limitation does not appear to have been very strictly enforced, unless they were re-elected to the same ward. But the custom developed into a prerogative (apparently during the sixteenth century) of exchanging or removing, in anticipation of occupying "the chair." What course was pursued in the event of no vacancy by death is not clear. The earliest instance I have noted is that of Henry Frowick, custos in 1272, from Cripplegate to Cheap; an instance not confirmed by Orridge, as he omits him from his list. Cheap ward apparently was the favourite one, doubtless on account of its more wealthy inhabitants. The period concerning which MR. PINK inquires-the Commonwealth-is the most defective and, at the same time, the most important. I know of no complete list of the Court of Aldermen between 1640 and 1671. The number of unattached aldermen is considerable, and the designation of such must be received with caution, being frequently used without any warrant. When the Corporation is more favourably inclined to open its records to serious and earnest inquirers, we shall know more of these things. Seeing that it is the custodian, simply, of these public records, one is inclined to doubt not only its right, but its policy also in this reserve. It is too late, I presume, to protest against the introduction of the title Alderman into the County Councils as an ill-advised departure. The mischief may be minimized by ignoring it in addressing them, either in print or personally. Otherwise the confusion will become in time irremediable. JOHN J. STOCKEN. 16, Montague Street, W.C. WHITEPOT (7th S. vii. 148).-The corporation of Wootton-under-Edge became extinct in 1886, when the mace, all remaining of its insignia, was presented to Lord Fitzhardinge, lord of the manor. The mace, the gift of Lord Berkeley in 1747, is of silver-gilt, and the head or bowl is so constructed that it can be taken off for use as a loving cup, and it was so used for "ye Spicey Bysshoppe" at the mayoral banquets. — "The composition of the cup was as follows: a bottle of old port put into a wine warmer, with sufficient quantity of loaf sugar. Then roast a lemon nice and brown, and stick a dozen cloves into it. Place the lemon in the mace, and pour the hot wine over it." The above is from 'The Corporation Plate and Insignia,' by the late Mr. Jewitt, now passing through the press under the able editorship of Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, F.S.A. H. H. B. The whitepot to which your correspondent alludes was a very different concoction from that which formerly bore the name. In A True Gentlewoman's Delight,' 1676, the following recipe is given : "To make a white-pot. Take a pint and a half of cream, a quarter of a pound of sugar, a little rose-water, a few dates sliced, a few raisins of the sun, six or seven eggs, and a little mace, a sliced pippin, or lemon, cut sippet fashion for your dishes you bake in, and dip them in sack or rose-water." F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. There was a dish of this name made of Devonshire cream, custard, and raisins. There is a receipt "To make a white-pot" in Sir K. Digby's Closet,' 1677, p. 188. W. C. B. Webster-Mahn gives, "White-pot, a kind of food made of milk, cream, eggs, sugar, &c., baked in a pot. King." EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings. CHARGE OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH REGIMENTS (7 S. vi. 349, 495).—I find in the 'Life and Times Williams, vol. i. pp. 213-4, the following passages, of the late Duke of Wellington,' by Lieut.-Col. from either of which the incident referred to by the querist may have possibly had its source. It was in 1811, during the third Spanish campaign, thathis advanced guard, consisting of 2,000 cavalry and a "Beresford......on the morning of the 23rd of March, brigade of infantry, under Col. Colborne, came up with the enemy, who, having heard of the advance of the British, were in the act of evacuating Campo Mayor. The French retreat was covered by a strong detachment of hussars, but these not being sufficient to beat off their pursuers, four regiments of dragoons advanced to their support. The 13th Light Dragoons and the French cavalry, then charging with loose reins, rode so fiercely up against each other that numbers on both sides were dismounted by the shock." "At Fuentes d'Onor a similar exploit was performed by the 1st Regiment of Heavy Dragoons. They charged a French regiment of cavalry, and the shock was so tremendous that many men and horses were overthrown on each side." The chivalrous, not to say foolhardy, exploits performed that day (March 23) by the "" undisciplined ardour" of the 13th met with a severe reprimand from Wellington. "If the 13th Dragoons," wrote he, "are guilty of this conduct, I shall take their horses from them, and send the officers and men to do duty at Lisbon." See 'Life' quoted, vol. i. p. 214. R. E. N. Bishopwearmouth. RADICAL REFORM (7th S. v. 228, 296; vi. 137, 275, 415; vii. 32).-The Marquis of Downshire, speaking in the House of Lords on March 26, 1798, is reported to have said :: "I never knew a Catholic of knowledge or education who was a friend to what is termed unqualified Catholic emancipation, nor an enlightened Presbyterian who was an hadvocate [sic] for radical reform."-- Parliamentary Debates,' xxxiii. 1356. The first two references are given in the Index to the Fifth Series under "Radical reform, first use of the term," while the next three appear under |