ected from the Pope, if he come to be Supream Head of the Church in this Nation." It is all in English. Cf. Nares, s.v. "Bell, book, and candle." AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (7th S. vii. 209).— And all for love and nothing for reward. 'The Faerie Queene,' bk. ii. c. viii. s. 2. E. S. Dearly bought the hidden treasure from a poem on Sensibility,' addressed to Mrs. Dunlop of Dunlop by Robert Burns. The verse quoted 3y K. E. W. is the last of the poem, which contains our verses. It begins Sensibility, how charming. It has been a depen Being the Form of an Excommunication | of the insular fragment of old Frisia. Church of Rome. | Taken out of the Leger-Book dency of our crown for about eighty years, and is proof the Church of | Rochester, now in the Custody dominions. It is not our fault altogether that this bably as prosperous as any part of Her Majesty's of the Dean and Chapter | there. Writ by Er- cloud of ignorance has surrounded us. Books of geoulfus the Bishop," a broadside, "London, Printed graphy and travel contain little concerning it, and nd are to be sold by L. C. on Ludgate-Hill: that little is not accurate. Mr. Black has not only 1681." It contains the following note: "The visited Heligoland, but also Sylt and other insular Publication of this is to show what is to be Ex-still dwell and speak a language nearly kin to our fragments, where remains of the old Friesic stock own. He has written a most interesting book, which will, we feel sure, have the effect of sending many an English wanderer to these little-known specks in the German Ocean. JULIAN MARSHALL. Compression is now the order of the day. Eighty years ago a man with one-half Mr. Black's personal experiences would have produced a quarto. We wish he had been somewhat more discursive. The fragments of folk-lore he has given are all good, and make us very anxious for more. We trust that either he or some one else inspired by his pages will give us a scientific account of the popular beliefs of these interesting spots in the ocean. These old-world tales can be gathered now. In another generation it will be too late. German culture and newspaper reading will have dissipated the golden cloud-landscape which yet lingers on the horizon. At Sylt two hundred years ago death by drowning could be, and was, inflicted on certain profligate people not by a legal court, but by the relatives of those injured. It appears also that until quite recently the custom of what we English call Borough-English, but for which the book-word Junior rite has of late been invented, existed "in the Theel-lands at Norden, in East Friesland, not far from the mouths of the Ems." This old points to a very early state of society. Every fact conlaw of succession, whatever may have been its origin, cerning it ought to be carefully garnered. We hope some scholar who is a master of the Friesic tongue and has access to the documents which bear testimony as to this ancient custom will give us a full account of it. Much interest is now felt in many quarters as to those obscure saints who have lived on from age to age in men's memories but have never found a place in the Roman Catholic calendars. One of these is kept in memory by St. Tietsberg, a little hillock in Heligoland. Who was St. Tiet? Is he a heathen deity Christianized? Mr. Black thinks he has discovered his prototype in "Gies, or Kies," the heathen protector of Heligoland fishermen. We do not remember ever to have heard of this latter worthy. Local tradition affirms that Hengist sailed from Sylt to conquer Britain. One would like to know if the story be ancient or the invention of some one in days since printed history-books have been common. Any genuine traditions which connect Saxon, Angle, Jute, and Norse ancestors with their old homes would be of extreme value. H. E. WILKINSON. 'Paradise Regained,' bk. i. ll. 457-9. Milton in his last poem repeats the thought exthressed in his earliest, that the advent of Christ silenced hinhe devils who, in the disguise of gods, had been uttering moracles: me ef CLI The oracles are dumb; No voice or hideous hum Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving. Can no more divine, With hollow shriek the steep of Delphos leaving. (7th S. vii. 229.) A flattering painter who, &c. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &o. Principal Shairp and his Friends. By William Knight. (Murray.) Heligoland and the Islands of the North Sea. By William George Black. (Blackwood & Sons.) FEW of our readers have, we fear, visited Heligoland. With that strange indifference which Englishmen have always shown for the smaller possessions of the British Crown, most persons are content to be as ignorant concerning it as if it were a bare rock within the Antarctic Circle. When farmers wish to impress on their landlords the harm rabbits do to agriculture, the fable is sometimes quoted as to how a former governor -Sir Henry Maxse-introduced rabbits into the island, and that now these noxious animals have gone near to scratching the whole isle into the sea. This stupid piece of modern folk-lore and Campbell's poem The Death-Boat of Heligoland,' which contains the memor-off ancestry, in the same manner as it has been surmised able line regarding A ribbon that hung where a rope should have been, are about all that the commonplace man knows of this SCOTCHMEN were proud of Principal Shairp, and reverence his memory. He represented many of the better traits of the Scottish character. A member of one of their old families, with much of the dogged perseverance of his race, he was utterly without that unpleasant angularity which has distinguished some of the notable persons born north of Berwick. He had a vein of poetry in his nature which those who are fond of scientific genealogy may perhaps be able to trace to far that Sir Walter Scott inherited some part of his marvellous poetic gift from his ancestor that Earl of Stirling who in the Stuart time wrote 'Dooms-Day,' 'The Tra gedy of Darius,' and other productions forgotten of all but book collectors. Shairp's poetry is of a gentle and loving sort. The cadences are at times exquisite; but the reader feels that the spirit of Wordsworth has moulded the manner of the writer. Though a true poet, he never gets quite out of sight of his master. It is, we believe, as a critic, not as a poet, that Shairp will be remembered by those who had not the advantage of knowing him personally. His Poetic Interpretation of Nature' and Culture and Religion' are works which stand far apart from the ordinary books of essays with which the bookshelves of libraries are loaded. It must be very long before they cease to be a delight and a solace to mind-weary souls troubled with the endless controversies which go on around them. It may, however, most truthfully be said of Shairp that he was greater than his books. He had the faculty of attracting men of the most widely diverse natures. His quiet, thoughtful character, his zeal for goodness and all that is noble and pure in life, drew to his side friends of the most opposite character. Many who thought that the foundation of some of his fondest hopes were laid on the sand were bound by the ties of strong affection to a man who endeavoured to make his whole life coherent. Prof. Knight has done his work well. In these days biographers commonly make their books far too big. The picture is often spoilt by the vast size of the canvas. All sorts of irrelevant matter is crowded around the hero, who is hidden by the piles of rubbish with which he is One volume has been surrounded. Here it is not so. found sufficiently capacious to contain all that was needed. The selection has been well made. There is hardly a line that we could willingly have spared. Original Travels and Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen. (Trübner & Co.) IN a pretty shape and well printed, with illustrations by The Tragedy of King Richard III. Edited by W. H. Volumes in Folio. By Richard Le Gallienne. (C. Elkin "N. & Q.' does not deal with modern fiction or modern AT the meeting of the Royal Society of Literature (21, Delahay Street, S.W.) on Wednesday, the 20th inst., when Mr. Walter T. Rogers, F.R.S.L., read a paper on The Destruction, Transmission, and Preservation of MSS, and Books in all Ages,' the president, Sir Patrick Colquhoun, Q.C., gave some curious particulars con nected with the career of the once too celebrated Simonides, a good deal of whose material he believed to have been genuine spoils of Mount Athos libraries. Mr. J. Offord, jun., spoke of the mode of preservation and value of the Herculanensian papyri, and expressed the hope that their decipherment and editing would be continued. Mr. J. W. Bone, F.S.A., exhibited a MS. martyrology, and Dr. Arata, Mr. P. H. Newman, and others joined in the discussion. THE subjects in literature and science announced by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin for the competition, now open, for the Bressa Prize, to be adjudged by the Academy after the close of 1890, were communicated to the meeting of the Royal Society of Literature on Wednesday, the 20th inst., by the foreign secretary, Mr. C. H. E. Carmichael, M.A., who will also include the list in his report, to be presented to the anniversary meeting in April. THE Delegates of the Clarendon Press have in prepara. tion an Intermediate Greek-English Dictionary,' newly abridged from the seventh edition of Liddell and Scott. It differs from the present abridgment in that the matter contained is greatly increased by fuller explanations of the words, by inserting more fully the irregular forms of moods and tenses, by citing the leading authorities for usages, and by adding characteristic phrases. Care has been taken to insert all words usually formed, from Homer downwards, to the close of Attic Greek. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." J. CUTHBERT WELCH.-(1) "Jacques Rhenferd." An account of this Oriental scholar and writer on Rabbinical subjects appears in the Nouvelle Biographie Générale of Didot. The 'Observationes Selectæ, &c., like his other works, have no quotable value.-(2) "Gulielmus His Of this writer we know nothing. Bucanus," 'Institutiones Theologica,' however, cannot be of much pecuniary value. G. C. PRATT.-Plumb, more ordinarily plum, is a word once current for the sum of 100,000l. For origin supposed to be the Spanish tiene pluma he has feathered his nest. See 'N. & Q.' 2nd S. iii. 289; iv. 13, 99. J. E. HALL ("The Uncle,' with accompaniment by Sir J. Benedict").-Inquire of Messrs. Hutchings & Romer, Conduit Street, W. RUPES.-We know of no qualification being requisite Apply to the secretary. TREASURER, Accrington.-We do not answer lega questions. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 22 Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return com munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1889. CONTENT 8. N° 171. trician family. In the third line were the Graphemes, and Telegrapheme in the midst of them. Now the only respectable portion of the Grapheme NOTES:-Telegram, 261-"The" in Place-Names, 262-Cob-family are those which are mated with nouns, such bett Family Regents and Non-Regents-Les Pantins Eternels,' 263-Carols and Songs-T. Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 264-Caravannish-Craven of Sparsholt, 265Rantanning-C. Davenport-Dickensiana-English Cemetery, Rome Village Musings '-Clocks-Thomas Guy, 266 -F. A. Paley-Magazine Literature, 267. QUERIES:-Cicerone-Cicisbeo-T. Chatterton- -Dragoons and Hussars-Swing, 267-Heraldic-Joachim's Prophecies -Trapezium-Maturins-Rev. J. Webb-"I do not like thee, Dr. Fell"-Works by North Family-C. DavenportHeraldic, 268-Picture by Crowley-Portrait of J. Harrison -The Huttons-W. Duff-" Warple way "-W. Whitfield, as the Zographemes, the Skiagraphemes, &c. These had been invited to join Telegrapheme's standard. They soon, however, perceived that he was not one of their honest, decent race, but an impostor and a monster that ought never to have seen the light. So they altogether withdrew from him, and refused him any help or countenance whatsoever. Telegrapheme, therefore, was left in the third line, with only the preposition-headed Graphemes on the one side of him, and the adverbheaded on the other-here thé Eugraphemes, the Dysgraphemes, and other such outlandish folk; REPLIES:-Milton's Sonnets-A Fool and a Physician, 270-there the Anagraphemes, the Epigraphemes, and "Divine Aspasia," 271-'The Conduct of the Allies'-Great the like. Now I saw in my dream that just as the Judges: Sir W. Grant-Steel Pens-Indictments against signal was about to be given for the battle, the graphy - Chittlehampton, 273-Soapstone Figures - Blue men of the first two lines demanded to know Stockings-Samuel Pepys, 274-Macbeth' on the Stage-against whom they were being led,'* for hitherto Twizzel - Grindstone and Sapling, 275-Sir T. Smith- it had been concealed from them. When they Land-grabbing-The Oxen of Iphicles-Dr. Peachel-Smut, were told that it was against Telegram a mighty 276-Wyre-lace: Hummed-Drill, 277-Clarendon House-hubbub arose among them. They said Telegram 269. Gaming-Literary Plagiarisms, 272 - Gibbon's Autobio The Nimbus-W. Mitford-Heraldry-Wordsworth's Ode NOTES ON BOOKS :-Jessopp's Coming of the Friars.' Notes. TELEGRAM: BATTLE OF THE GRAMS AND THE GRAPHEMES. (Continued from p. 163.) The roar of approaching conflict on classic ground might well arouse the shades underneath. Tiresias, ever watchful, gives the alarm. Bacchus rallies Hercules-who had been in a state of apoplectic stupor ever since his surfeit at the cookshop in Nephelococcygia (see Aristoph., 'Aves')-perhaps by administering a hair of the old dog as a restorative. Minerva is on the field armed cap-apie, as the arbitress of the elegant arts and of classic warfare. Tiresias records the battle as witnessed from Dreamland. Loquitur Tiresias: "I had a dream, and in my dream I saw the battle of the Grams and the Graphemes. The latter had been drawn up by Classic Field-Marshal Richard Shilleto, after the most approved ancient (not Greek, to be sure, but Roman) fashion, in three lines. These were the Hastati, the Principes, and the Triarii. In the first line were the Anagrams, the Epigrams, and all the rest of the preposition-headed children of the old Tpáupa stock. In the second line were the descendants of Dame гpapun, the Monogrammi, the Parallelogrammi, and their brethren, a rough and uncouth set, difficult to combat with. In this line also were the Eugrammi, and some others of pa was their friend and brother; nay, each party claimed him to be of their proper stock, kith and kin. It ended in both the first lines going over to Telegram's side, and turning their arms against Telegrapheme. Upon this Telegrapheme was hard pressed indeed. But worse was in store for him, for the vile rabble by whom he was surrounded, mutually aware of their own hideousness and hatefulness, and no longer able to bear the light of day, began to hack and cut at one another-the preposition-headed against the adverb-headed, and the adverb-headed against the preposition-headed. Telegrapheme himself fell in the general mêlée. "I further saw in my dream that the Classic Field-Marshal was saved by the intervention of Minerva, who loved and respected him for his general scholarship and for his many amiable qualities. She reproved him, however, for having lent himself to so bad a cause, and commanded him not again to draw his classic sword till an occasion should arise more worthy of his championship and her favour. "To the leader on the other side Minerva sent her congratulations on the victory that had been gained, while she expressed her regret at the want "They were being led." In the telegram controveray several other questions came in incidentally for discussion, among these the use of the verb substantive with its own participle, as in the instance above. H. thought it "a kind of grammatical incest." In defence I quoted the German "Ich bin gewesen," "Ich war gewesen," gewesen sein," "Ich werde werden," "Ich werde geworden sein," &c.; and from Eton Grammar poor old "futurum esse.' Is such a grammatical enormity to be alleged against such old friends? The usage has now become common. See R.V., Acts ii, 47, and in general literature passim. 99 66 4. Used before a range of mountains - The Mounth, The Ochils; but not before a single mountain-Criffel, Ben Cruachan, unless per Rule 7, The Cobbler, and possibly per Rule 6, The Knipe. of generalship that he (the leader of Telegram's month. These, and a few more of like character, forces) had shown, especially at the discourage- I cannot account for. ment which he had occasioned to many of Telegram's friends by even partially acknowledging the claims of Telegrapheme. Indeed, she made no secret of it that the victory was not owing to any skill or ability on his part, but solely to the intrinsic goodness of Telegram's cause. To Telegram himself, now duly installed in office and commissioned in England's service, Minerva heartily wished long life and happiness." Received at Oxford and Cambridge midway office between Plutonia and Nephelococcygia. "THE" IN PLACE-NAMES. A. C. 5. Not used before compound Celtic names of ordinary Celtic structure (by which I mean having the noun first)-Ben More, Loch Striven; but sometimes used where the noun comes last-The Gareloch. 6. Used before a limited number of Celtic words, chiefly monosyllables, which have in a sense entered the local English vocabulary-The Knock, The Cloch, The Inch. The same rule applies where an English suffix is tagged on-The Knockhill. Properly speaking, however, the original noun becomes an adjective by the change. We say Lochmaben ; but there is a stone called The Lochmabenstane. In the same way we should say "the Lochmaben town clock." 7. Used before Teutonic descriptive names, simple and compound-The Thwaite, The Horseclose, The Kirkbeck; but not before words ending in by, whether descriptive-Newby, Aldby-or from personal names-Warmanby,* Gillesbie. Is it caprice or rule which decides whether "The" is or is not admissible before place-names? A couple of years ago I found myself puzzled to account for the fact that while many places have "The 22 as a recognized official prefix, and many more have it on the common tongue, there is yet a considerable class of names before which "The" is never put, and would be universally felt to be an error if it were. How is this? Since the question occurred to me I have striven to formulate some law of place-name grammar on the point. I fear this article will only demonstrate my ill suc8. Not used before names properly amalgamatcess; but the field of inquiry is so large, and so exacting a personal name, whether surname or baptismal a knowledge of records and of custom and dialect-Glenstuart (locally best known as The Glen, and throughout the whole British Islands would be thus illustrating a former rule), Charlesfield, Purneeded to explain the seemingly contradictory phe-domston. This rule is definite and important, nomena, that a man with my very limited acquaint- and may receive one lengthier instance. Near ance with places and their names could not hope to my home in Dumfriesshire there is a long solve the difficulties of the problem. The follow-straight parish road, made some time this century ing notes are crude and insufficient. They are so by a Mr. Roxburgh. Hence the road was known tentative that I dare scarcely dignify them with as Roxburgh's Road. But mark what thirty years the name of conclusions, even when restricted to did. Roxburgh is generally pronounced Rosebrugh, place-names within my own ken. But they may Roosebrugh, or Roosebro', and the name got down lead to the establishment of sounder principles. to Roose brus Road. Hence the transition was That some such rules as I suggest do exist in easy. The present generation of school children place-name grammar I am perfectly satisfied. call it The Roosebuss Road, and I am pretty sure Possibly they have already attracted attention; if the name giving "roosebuss" or rose-bush" will so, references will oblige. These remarks suffi- be pointed out to me on an early visit! ciently disclaim all dogmatism in my statement of some apparent results of place-name study in some-Dumfries, Lockerbie, Ruthwell, Cummertrees parts of Scotland. My observation points in the direction of the following general principles, which by no means claim the rigidity of mathematics. "The," officially (by which I mean in documents and printed papers, &c.) or colloquially, is,— 1. Used before all plural names of places-The Trosachs, The Lothians. 2. Used before all names of rivers-The Nith, The Annan. 3. Not used before names of districts-Kyle, Annandale, Strathmore. (We cannot say "The" Kyle, &c.) To this plurals are exceptions, per Rule 1-The Rinns, The Mearns. Other exceptions are-The Garioch, The Lennox, The Stor 9. Not used before towns, villages, or parishes A curious distinction obtains about this. Warmanby is a mansion near Annan. Its early spelling was Weremundebi-plainly from Weremund, a personal name. Since writing this article, however, I have learnt that The Warmanby (despite my rule to the contrary!) is occasionally employed to denote not the mansion, but a farm on the estate. The same distinction holds near by There is in the district an all but overwhelming tendency in Northfield, the mansion, The Northfield, the farm. to put "The" before farm-names. So common, indeed, is it in names of houses that its absence is almost a sure sign of antiquity and aristocracy. Perhaps I may point (7th S. vii. 61), published after this paper was in the out that HERMENTRUDE'S valuable topographical notes office of N. & Q,' are full of instructive cases of the use and non-use of "The," ago. -except in some anomalous cases of descriptive B. B. Cobbett, of Manchester, passed from this names-The Langholm, The Falkirk (in Stirling-life. The eldest daughter, Anne, died some years shire the spotted kirk), following Rule 7, The Troon (in Ayrshire the point) following Rule 6, The Largs (in Ayrshire) following Rules 6 or 1. 10. Used before street-names where descriptive, per Rule 7-The High Street, The Trongate, The Friar's Vennel, The Rottenrow; but not used where named after persons, per Rule 8-George's Road, Gladstone Street. These street-name rules are very far from exhaustive. Cui bono? is happily seldom asked in 'N. & Q.'; but there are potentialities here to answer the question. The rules now crudely formulated if perfected may test or tend to prove etymologies. For example, take Murraythwaite, a mansion and estate in Dumfriesshire. It has belonged for centuries to a family of Murrays, and it has very naturally been thought that from them it took its name. But whilst neighbouring mansions-Castlemilk, Hoddom, Kinmount, and Denby-never, on the popular tongue or otherwise, have "The " prefixed, it is generally The Murray what that is spoken of. Now if Rule 8 is accurate the Murray etymology must be wrong. And so it is; for Mourithweyte appears in the Annandale account in 1302, many years before the first of the Morays settled in the county. The name means the "moory thwaite." The two younger daughters, Eleanor and Susan, kept home at Wilmslow, near Manchester, whither they removed from London. At Wilmslow also reside two of the grandsons of the Cobbett, William and Richard, of the firm of The Cobbett, Wheeler & Cobbett, Manchester. younger of the two sisters, Susan, died on Feb. 2. She was born at Botley, Hampshire, April 6, 1807, thus having nearly attained to eighty-two years of age. She was a good linguist, and some years ago published a translation of a little work for young pupils from the German of Aurelia Schopper, and a book of 'French Verbs and ExerAs a letter-writer the deceased lady's cises." powers were remarkable. From an early age she assisted her father, at least as his occasional amanu. ensis, and probably from such close contact with her father derived, in addition to her natural capacity, much of the clearness of thought, epigrammatic sarcasm, and trenchant power of expression that characterized her correspondence. This much-regretted lady was peacefully laid to Her sister rest in Wilmslow Church on Feb. 5. -the elder by about two years-still remains to pursue her earthly pilgrimage alone. G. JULIAN HARNEY. Macclesfield. I take it as a thing nobody will dispute that REGENTS AND NON-REGENTS. -Some time since in at least nine cases out of ten a prefixed I asked a question respecting the Regents' or "The" is a sign that a place-name, however unWhite-hood House in Cambridge University, and intelligible now, was once well understood by the Non-Regents' or Black-Hood House. Rymer, folk of English speech. Thus records show the in-Foedera,' vol. iv. p. 411, col. 1, with p. 413, col. comprehensible name The Murrays to have been The Moorhouse, whilst a name without a "The," 1, explains the difficulty. Originally a regent was like Comlongon, warns us that we need not look a tutor who was bound to deliver lectures to the for a derivation from a Teutonic source. Nor are we entirely beholden to the local popular parlance Glasgow. THE COBBETT FAMILY.-William Cobbett, the famous author of the Political Register,' left four sons and three daughters. It is now about fourteen years since the last of the sons, Mr. Richard students, and non-regents were Masters of Arts and Doctors who were exempt from these duties. The Regents' House was that of the tutors, professors, and lecturers; the Non-Regents' House was that of older graduates who had served their time. The distinction ceased long before 1858, when the terms were abolished, the duty of lecturing being confined to professors and tutors irrespective of their university standing. It is quite true that men took out the white lining of their hoods when they were really or nominally excused from lecturing. E. COBHAM BREWER. 'LES PANTINS ETERNELS.'-A discussion has lately taken place in the columns of a daily newspaper as to the originality of the ballad of ‘Auld Robin Gray.' Whether Lady Ann Barnard saw or did not see the exquisite little poem now published cannot make much difference. It seems to me doubtful, for, had Lady Ann imitated the French poem, she would certainly have given the same The most simple and most dramatic ending. The pathetic stories are as old as human nature. |