tion makes him say, "These sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours."* Cela va sans dire. One might as well say that water even refreshes thirst. But Ferdinand showed how precious was Miranda's sympathy to him when he said, as I maintain he did say, that when he forgot all but the sweet thoughts of her, his "most busiest labours," endured for her sake, instead of wearying, even refreshed him:I forget (all)

articles are sold for a mere nothing, and are willingly bought up by people of means for the decoration of their rooms and other purposes. The jewellers melt down the gold and silver articles and money.

As the number of these dealers in ancient curiosities is very large, and the curiosities themselves very abundant, there is little doubt that Vladikafkaz in the near future will become a town noted for its archæological antiquities. One of the

labours

Most busiest."

3. The subordinate clause, "when I do it," should present no difficulty. It is equivalent to "when I do so." In prose the whole passage would read thus: "I forget everything but these sweet thoughts, and when I do so my busiest labours, instead of wearying, even refresh me."

Honour to whom honour is due. I wish to claim nothing which is not my own. I believe it is to Mr. Holt White that we are indebted for the happy correction "busiest" for "busie lest." This was afterwards perverted into "busiliest," a reading which has led many astray. Its author, Mr. John Bulloch, while usually the most reckless of emendators, has in this instance made a to-do about the preservation of the initial letter of "lest"; and yet after all, to form his word, he has had to knock out of the text an e, and insert an i. R. M. SPENCE, M.A.

Manse of Arbuthnott, N. B. P.S.-It may save two unnecessary notes, an attack and a reply, if I add here that the appearance of a colon in the Folio, where no colon should be, is not unexampled. In Measure for Measure,' V. i., we find :

The wicked'st caitiffe on the ground
May seem as shie, as grave, as just, as absolute :
As Angelo.

ing the size of a lemon. The milkmaids often decorate themselves with necklaces which at one time belonged to the ancient inhabitants of the north of the Caucasus, and many ladies change their modern gold and silver bracelets for ancient

ones.

This trade has become so profitable that two or three merchants have opened shops for the sale of these ancient wares, which they buy up cheaply. In one of these shops there are as many as several thousand articles. Last autumn the president of the Moscow Imperial Archaeological Society inspected this shop with a view to buying up these treasures for the Moscow Historical Museum. However, the hillmen do not willingly sell to this society, because it buys at wholesale and cheap rates; they find it more profitable to sell their wares to local collectors. Hotels and railway stations are resorts where one may be sure of finding these ancient wares for sale. Foreigners and those who come to drink the mineral waters in the Caucasus readily buy them, and often give large sums.

The largest number of curiosities was found in the tombs of Faskay, which lie between the rivers Sougokt Don and Galiat Don. Human bones and curiosities lay at a depth of three feet from the surface; in other instances at a greater depth. Only bronze articles were found in the Faskay tombs; there was a total absence of gold and silver articles. There were hatchets (for hewing and sacrificial purposes), knives, daggers, lances, arrows, javelins, pendants, bracelets, gigantic pins, helmets, bridles, and so forth. In other tombs were gold, silver, precious stones, iron, all sorts of necklaces, and Roman, Greek, Persian, Arab, and Gruzian money. Sometimes the specimens of the different periods from the bronze to the iron age were found in the lower ground were met solely articles of bronze, and those in bad preservation, so brittle that they broke in falling. There were many sharp flint arrows and hatchets rudely carved from stone. But the Ocetins (hillmen) throw away these articles as being of no use. Since the autumn of last

the ill-accessible mountain fastnesses; whereas on

"I take my religion from Rome, not my politics.' First, then, as to the maxim. I have not been able to discover with certainty on what occasion these words were uttered, supposing them to have been uttered at all; but I believe it was in the circumstances that I will relate. In the year 1814 the Sovereign Pontiff Pius VII. was in prison at Fontainebleau. He had been violently torn from his See by Napoleon, and was kept under restraint. During his captivity a question was agitated in the English Parliament about Catholic Emancipation, and a measure was proposed on condition of a certain oath to be taken by Catholics, and a certain power of veto [on the appointment of bishops] to be granted to the Government. The minds of Catholics, both in England and Ireland, were much divided on this question. Some influence was brought to bear by one side on Monsignor Quarantotti, sub-prefect of the Propaganda, and he issued a rescript, bidding the Catholics here to support the bill. Immediately our own Bishop Milner hurried to Rome, and the Irish bishops appointed a delegate to appeal, not against the Sovereign Pontiff, but to the Sovereign Pontiff against the conduct of his official. The Pope was just then released from captivity, and almost his first act on reaching Rome was to rebuke Monsignor Quarantotti for his action, which was beyond his power, as well as imprudent."

O'Connell certainly did utter the words stated, but not in 1814-the date of Quarantotti's rescript. Exactly thirty years after we find Gregory XVI. when O'Connell's monster meetings were at their height-issuing a rescript which counselled the Irish bishops to abstain from politics. From the Correspondence of Daniel O'Connell' (London, Murray, vol. ii. p. 335, edited by W. J. Fitz Patrick) it appears that "a letter addressed to Bishop Cantwell got into print, in which O'Connell warned the prelates of Ireland that Mr. Petre, an English Catholic, had been employed by Peel to effect diplomatic arrangements with Rome. O'Connell said that he was ready to take any amount of theology from Rome, but not politics."

As regards Quarantotti-who issued the rescript in 1814-he was the Pope's vicegerent during his captivity at Fontainebleau. The fact that he was subsequently created a cardinal would seem to show that he cannot have sunk into the disfavour so often alleged. Charles Phillips says of O'Connell, in 'Curran and his Contemporaries' (p. 259),

QUOTATION FROM 'KENILWORTH.' (See 7th S. vii. 168, 276.)—There is but little chance of finding either the home or exact meaning of "Quid hoc ad Iphycli boves?" Be it, however, remembered that Sir Walter Scott does not at any time appear to have claimed accuracy as a classical scholar, and, like his charming Baron of Bradwardine, was more remarkable for his extensive acquaintance with classical literature than for its accuracy.

In the same chapter in 'Kenilworth' (ch. ix.) in which the quotation occurs which has so powerfully exercised many readers of N. & Q.,' Scott makes the schoolmaster, Erasmus Holiday, to say "he was, indeed, inclined to think that he bore the name of Holiday, quasi lucus a non lucendo, because he gave such a few holidays to his school." "Hence," said he, "the schoolmaster is termed classically Ludi Magister, because he deprives boys of their play." Ludus is, however, quite good Latin for a school in work, for it occurs in Horace, "Noluit in Flavî ludum me mittere," &c., Sat. I. vi. 72, though the term is more frequently applied to the gladiatorial fencing schools. On the tomb of John Brownswerd, a distinguished scholar, in St. Michael's Church in Macclesfield, who died in 1589, and was Master of King Edward VI.'s School in that town, he is described as Ludimagister. His epitaph is said to have been written by his pupil Thomas Newton. JOHN PICKFORd, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

THE ORIGINAL MANUFACTURER OF DAFFY'S

ELIXIR.-The following inscription was upon a monument formerly in the chancel of Melton Mowbray Church: "Here lies the body of Thomas Daffy, A. M., and Master of the High School in this town 40 years. He died May 12, 1716, aged 67 years." Of this good schoolmaster I give a brief memorial. Mr. Thomas Daffye was presented in 1647, by John, eighth Earl of Rutland, to the rectory of Harby, in Leicestershire, and in 16—, by the same patron, to Redmile, in that county. He is said to have removed from Harby to a worse

living, to satisfy the spleen which the Countess of Rutland, a Puritanical lady, had conceived against him for being a man of other principles. advertisement, translated from the Postboy of

An

Jan. 1, 1707-8, and quoted 7th S. vi. 258, shows that he was the inventor of the celebrated medi

cine :

"Daffye's famous Elixir Salutis, prepared by Catherine Daffye, daughter of Mr. Thomas Daffye, late Rector of Redmile, in the Vale of Belvoir, who imparted it to his kinsman, Mr. Anthony Daffye, who published the same to the benefit of the community and his own great

[See 4th S. ii. 348, 398; iv. 77; 7th S. vi. 138, 258.]

CURIOUS MISTAKE IN 'DOMBEY AND SON.'Has it ever been noticed that Dickens makes a curious mistake in chap. xxi. of Dombey and Son,' arising evidently from his having confused the games of écarté and picquet? The mistake to which I refer occurs on p. 210 of No. 7 in the original edition. The Major is sitting down to play picquet with Cleopatra (Mrs. Skewton). She is represented as saying, "Do you propose, Major?" "No, Ma'am," said the Major. "Couldn't do it." "You're a barbarous being," replied the lady; "and my hand's destroyed." One would certainly not have expected such a mistake from Dickens, who, if no card player himself, must have had plenty of friends who could tell him the difference between the two games. That it was not a slip is shown by the fact that we have below," Cleopatra had sharp eyes, verily, at picquet"; and later on, in chap. xxvi., Dickens mentions picquet as one of the games that Carker and the Major played together. Was the mistake ever corrected in subsequent editions?

F. A. MARSHALL.

SOME OLDER SPANISH WORDS.-I have recently come across some rather curious Spanish forms, which may be supplemented and elucidated by some of your many learned readers. In the 'Cronica de Don Alvaro de Luna,' written about the middle of the fifteenth century, is an excellent transition form between civitas and the modern ciúdad, to wit, cibdad. The v, as usual, has become b, but the customary dropping of the mute has not yet occurred. In one of the oldest of the "Del Carpio Romances" one finds almost the converse to the above, homes resembling the French hommes far more nearly than it does the modern word hombres. In the spirited ballad on the 'Destruction of Numantia' one lights upon the word pujanza. May one infer that in derivation as well as in meaning it is identical with puissance?

Again, when did the particle et finally assume the form y? It is often written é, and in Mendoza's 'Guerra de Granada' i. In another of the Del Carpio ballads I have found nusco, obviously derived from nobiscum. It is strange to observe the In the double conjunctive force of con nusco. same poems occur ovo for hubo, sabredes for the later sabréis, and oviera for hubiera. Facer for hacer is common enough, being used, indeed, by Cervantes when his personages are speaking in an antiquated and slightly bombastic style.

May I further ask, Can appo, which I have met with in the 'Decameron' and in the 'Arcadia' of The Jacopo Sannazaro, be referred to apud? senses coincide; but how did a second p slip in? Is it, perhaps, a northern form? EDWARD PERCY JACOBSEN.

18, Gordon Street, W.C.

"TO SCRAPE ACQUAINTANCE WITH."-The 'New English Dictionary' has the phrase to "make the acquaintance of," but the above expression seems to have been overlooked. I suppose that the expression originated in "bowing and scraping" to a person in order to curry favour with him. Dr. Brewer, in his 'Dictionary of Phrase and Fable,' gives a "cock and bull" explanation of the manner in which the phrase came into use. The phrase is not of yesterday, cf. :—

"Lucinda. Pray, good Cæsar, keep off your Paws; no scraping acquaintance for Heaven's sake."-Farquhar, Love and a Bottle,' p. 5, ed. 1711.

I have no doubt earlier instances can be quoted for its use. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

EPITAPHS AND MONUMENTS, TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN.-In a forgotten nook at the back of the chapel and a few yards from the kitchen there are several much-decayed monuments with tablets and inscriptions, I fear, too dilapidated to be copied. May I ask, Does any full account exist of these monuments or copies of the epitaphs? When a student in Trinity College, Dublin (Consule Planco), I used greatly to grieve over an alabaster effigy on an altar tomb, which was sadly eaten away by the effect of the climate.

J. W. HARDMan, LL.D.

A NEW VERB: "To MAID."-In the Morning Post of March 2 I note an advertisement from a female servant who wishes "to 'maid' a lady." This strikes me as a new term in a verbal sense, though I suppose it is formed on strict analogy; for we talk of "grooming" a horse and of "valeting" a gentleman. E. WALFORD, M.A.

7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W.

THOMAS CHATTON.-I have in my possession a very clean and perfect copy of the Book of Common Prayer (Robert Barker, 1614), on the fly-leaf of which are the following quaint lines. I give the spelling exactly as it is, and the writing is what