"DOGMATISM" AND "PUPPYISM."- Dean Burgon, in his 'Lives of Twelve Good Men,' second edition, 1888, vol. ii. p. 218, attributes to Dean Mansel the well-known definition of dogmatism as "puppyism full grown." Surely this expression, which has in it too much of philosophic truth to be deemed a mere pun, is Douglas Jerrold's! Is it not to be found in the 'Man made of Money.'. At p. 126 of the same volume the dean reminds his readers of the story of the detection by H. O. Coxe of certain of the forgeries of Simonides. Is not this the story told more circumstantially of Henry Bradshaw in Mr. A. Benson's article on that great bibliographer in Macmillan's Magazine for April, 1886 (vol. liii. p. 480)? Is the tale true of Henry of Oxford, or Henry of Cambridge, or of both? ACHE. PHILIP STANHOPE.-Has any portrait of Philip Stanhope, the recipient of Lord Chesterfield's Letters,' been published; and where can one of him be seen? I know that one, at least, was made, and it is presumably in the possession of the family. C. S. POPE JUTTE.-In the many notices of Pope Joan scattered through the volumes of 'N. & Q.' I can find no account of the singular name of Pope Jutte, by which the female Pope was commonly known in the Netherlands. I suspect it to be equivalent to our Judy, for Punch and Judy used sometimes to be called Punch and his wife Joan. But what adds to the interest in Pope Jutte is the little-known fact that it was an Englishman who has given the fullest account of this mysterious lady. Egbert Grim, in 1635, published at Wesel an extraordinary book of 1098 pp. 4to., proving Pope Jutte to be a woman, and going into the curious questions of the Sedes Stercoraria, &c. The only writer on the subject who seems to have known of Grim is Wagenseil, in his 'Dissertatio de Joanna Papissa,' where he styles Grim Natione Anglus. If so, his countrymen ought to know something about him, but both biographers and bibliographers seem equally silent, and neither the British Museum nor any of the great libraries possess the book. Can any contributor enlighten me on Pope Jutte and Grim? NE QUID NIMIS. Replies. ALICE PERRERS. (7th S. vii. 148, 215.) Your correspondent who asked for information concerning this lady has received but little, and that little is partly doubtful and partly fabulous. Alice Perrers can scarcely have been born both in Essex and Devon-unless she had as many birthplaces as Homer or Mr. Gladstone-and while she may have been the daughter of a weaver or a tiler, it is excessively improbable that she was either. Unless decided evidence be forthcoming to the contrary, it is much more likely-assuming that Perrers was her maiden name-that she belonged to the same Hertfordshire family as Sir Richard Perrers, M.P. for co. Herts, who was miles Regis in 1328; another Richard, who was M.P. for Herts in 1408; James, who married in 1310 Ela, widow of Griffin de la Pole; and Ralph, who was the King's scutifer in 1328. Maid of Honour to Queen Philippa she certainly was not; and the fact is of some importance to her history and character. The biography of Alice Perrers has yet to be written, and if it could be done with accuracy and impartiality it would form a valuable contribution to the history of her times. Never woman had more enemies than she-and some of them are alive yet. Alice Perrers entered the service of Queen Philippa before October, 1366, as Lady of the Bedchamber, a fact which places it beyond doubt that she was then a married woman. We might at once conclude that Perrers was her married name, were it not that she has herself set on record a complaint that she was called by this name in official documents after she had become the wife of Sir William de Windsor. This point, until fresh light can be obtained, must remain doubtful. That Alice was guilty of no greater wickedness than that of being sick nurse to the aged and imbecile monarch, and perhaps may have used her influence too much for the advantage of her own friends, has long been my conviction, and I believe it would be that of every person who gave unbiassed study to the subject. The further charges against her are rejected by Dr. Barnes, and are only to be found in a discreditable class of chronicles, written for the purpose of blackening the characters of certain persons, of whom Edward III. was one. Sir William de Windsor, her husband, never believed them, and stood loyally by her to the last; while her own conduct is that of an innocent woman, indignant but undismayed. "dis The supposed gift of the Queen's jewels, out of which so much capital has been made against Alice, and which is termed by Miss Strickland a graceful grant," is simply a blunder. The King granted to her "all the jewels, goods, and chattels, which were ours as well as those of our late Consort, and came into the hands of Euphemia, wife of Walter de Heselarton, Knight; and afterwards were received by the said Alice from the said Euphemia, for our use." This is a very different thing from the representation commonly made, that the King bestowed on Alice all the jewels of the deceased Queen. It is evident that the gift consisted simply of certain articles-which might be many or few-that had been in the keeping of Euphemia: not of the entire contents of the royal treasury. From a number of entries relating to Alice Perrers in my note-books I send you some of the most interesting, one in especial having great interest apart from her. King Edward's grants, between 1366 and 1377, were as follows: Two tuns of wine per annum, 1366; custody of the lands of Robert de Tiliol, with the marriage of his heir, 1367; manor of Wendover, 1371; the jewels, &c., previously mentioned, 1373; custody of the lands of John Payn, with marriage of heir, 1375; marriage of Richard Lord Poynings, 1375; manor of Braunford Speek, with advowson of Wemmeworth Church, co. Devon, 1375; pardon of debts, 1376; pardon of the value of the jewels which she had from us; wood and fuel from the forest of Whittelwode for life, whenever she shall be at Moresende Castle; two tuns of Gascon wine per annum, 1377. She also received from the Wardrobe (like other officials) a number of garments, the details of which follow. "A russet gown lined with white cloth," and a cap of tanned kid leather, broidered with gold thread, and bound with gold ribbon, furred with ermine," 1375 (Rot. Magn. Gard., 41/10). "For the Smithfield tournament, after Pentecost, but not completed, a cloth of gold tissue, lined with white and red taffata "; a russet gown, lined with white, furred with ermine," 1376 (Ibid.). "A scarlet gown furred with miniver, and reversed with ermine, with a hood; a sanguine cloak furred with gris; a sanguine gown and hood, furred with miniver," 1377 (Ibid.). From John of Gaunt, at one time a powerful friend, but afterwards an opponent, Alice received but one gift on record, a hanap of beryl, garnished with silver gilt, which was given to us by Lady Mohun" (Register of John of Gaunt,' vol. i. fol. 195). Previous to her conviction, Richard II, or rather those who governed in his name, made her several presents:" fourteen long cushions, and eight small, of white camaca, coverchiefs, and pillows "; "three curtains of green taffata,...of green woollen, wrought with chaplets of roses "; " a crucifix with the images of Mary and John, for a frontal" (Rot. Magn. Gard., 41/10). After conviction, her forfeited goods were dispersed in various directions. John of Gaunt received "the new hostel lately made by Alice de Perieres, on the bank of the Thames, and all the new houses which she built......in the Ropery between the alleys called Westonlane and Wolfylane, in the City of London"; and the manors of Ardington and ffilberdescourt were granted to his son-in-law, Sir John de Holand, afterwards Duke of Exeter. To this period belong the two most interesting lists of her goods and chattels, given on the first Close Roll of Ric. II. The first is an order to the Sheriffs of London to deliver to Alan Stokes, Keeper of the Great Wardrobe, all the goods of Alice Perrers seized to the King's use, viz.:— One tester with a half celer, of one piece of red baldekyn. One covering of the same, value 81. One folding table of Pruys, with one covercle, 40s. The second list is of goods of Alice Perrers in One petitz Towailes. A remnant of linen cloth. Twenty-two buttons with eagles; 20 buttons with SS. One gilt spicedish, one gilt salt, one gilt muscle. One almsdish, price 30s. 3d. One chaplet with three crowns of pearls, 48. One small forser. Thirty-three velx petitz. One collar with letters of N. Another collar of silver, broken, 128. Four gold buttons, 10s. One pair of beads, 12d. Two baskets, covered with velvet, and tied (liez) with silver, 13s. 4d. A pair of gloves cum daysies, 4d. One small forser, 6d. One yolowe cappe, 4d. [Entry repeated.] Five yards of strou damask ribbon, 5s. A pair of white camaka sleeves, 12d. Three garters of N., gilt. [Wrought with the letter?] One red primer, 4s. One ditto, covered with cloth of silver, 3s. 4d. Two sloppes de Redeveluet, 68. 8d. A camaca slop, 2s. A head-sheet of camaca, furred with pured, 20s. One celer and one tester in piece of white satin, rayed with gold, with cords, 5l. 6s. 8d. Three curtains of white taffata, 36s. 8d. Two sheets, 6. 8d. was decided in favour of the Bishop, who seems to have sat as one of the judges. In 1393, John de Windsor was in Newgate for debt, at the suit of Gauterus de Bardes, citizen, for 6601., of Alice de Windsor for detention of her goods, value 3,000l., and of Joan de Windsor (doubtless her daughter) for detention of goods value 4,000l. He was bailed One covering of white fustian, and one caneuas, 6s. 8d. for 8,000l. (Close Roll, 16 Ric. II.). Alice's will Two banquers of white worsted, 12s, One covering of red and blue cloth, panelled and furred with pured, 40s. One mattress with one pillow, 10s. was dated "Friday in the octave of the Assumption of the glorious Virgin Mary," 1400 (Aug. 20), and was proved on February 3 following. Extracts from it may be found in 'Testamenta Vetusta,' and Two pillows of white camaca stuffed with down, 13s. 4d. in Ducarel's 'Registers of the Archbishops of Canter A mantel medlet, 5s. A white mantle, 20d. Two cushions of rayed baldekyn, 3s. One covering of red cloth, furred with pured, 40s. Six carpets of worsted, red and blue, panelled, 13s. 4d. Three curtains of red and blue earcenet, 368. 8d. panelled, to hold the manor at the will of John le Neve, by a An bury,' Addit. MS. 6076. She speaks of her daughters Jane and Joan, and cannot forbear a parting fling at her tormentor John de Windsor, who persists in trespassing on her lands, "and on the pain of my soul he hath no right there, nor never had!" She desired to be buried in the parish church of Upminster, on the north side, before the Virgin's altar. There is an interesting entry concerning the manor of Upminster on the Close Roll for 7 Hen. IV., from which we learn that " Upminster manor belonged to Lora, wife of William Morewode, who One covering and tester with gold, 6s. 8d. died Nov. 4, 17 Ric. II. (1393), and reverted to Four cushions of white camaca, 10s. 8d. William de Windsor, Knt., by gift of Richard II. From other entries on the Rolls we learn that John Deyncourt, Knt., died on the Monday after Alice Perrers," when single," purchased the castle All Saints in the same year (Nov. 3, 1393), seised and manor of Egremont for 1,000l. (Close Roll, 10 of this reversion; Roger is his son and heir. The Ric. II.); that "having been indicted in Parlia-petition of Joan Southerey sets forth that she ought ment, and banished the realm, she continued within the realm, in the company of William de Windsor," until on Dec. 14, 1379, her sentence was revoked, with pardon to Alice for her contempt of Court, and to her husband for his protection of her (Patent Roll, 3 Ric. II., Part I.). In 1383 she was in full favour at Court, a request being granted to "our beloved Alice, the wife of our beloved and faithful William de Windsor" (Ibid., 7 Ric. II., Part I.). In the following year, Sir William died, "in heavy debt to the Crown," and the Sheriff of Hull seized all his goods within his wardship (Close Roll, 8 Ric. II.). His nephew and successor, John de Windsor-for he left no son-was a sore trouble to Alice. Soon after his death, in November, 1384, appears her recognizance for a debt of 6,000l. to Sir John de Holand (Ibid.); and though John de Windsor was pardoned all the debts of his uncle, no such relief seems to have been granted to the widow. In January, 1386, John de Elmeshale was before the Justices at Westminster, for breach of contract, because "being in the service of Alice de Windsor at London, he left without her licence, in contempt of us." A long and involved entry on the Close Roll for 12 Ric. II. contains an account of certain jewels of great value, which Alice asserted that she pawned to William de Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, after her indictment; the Bishop affirmed that he never saw nor heard of any such jewels. The case In the same Roll of the Great Wardrobe from which my previous extracts were taken is a list of wedding garments provided for the sister of Lord Percy, on her marriage with John de Sothereye, early in 1377. I do not find this lady in the Percy pedigree, from which genealogists appear to have omitted her. A pedigree of Sotherey I have not seen; but it seems very likely that she was the mother-in-law of the daughter of Sir William de Windsor and Alice Perrers. HERMENTRUde. JOHN DUNS SCOTUS (7th S. vi. 425; vii. 133).— I must apologize to your correspondent for this tardy reply, which was unavoidably delayed by sundry causes too numerous to particularize. My "charge" of scepticism or Pyrrhonism was directed against the whole biography of Duns. It would lead me too far to enter into a discussion of the point how much reliance can be placed upon historians who, though writing a few centuries after the events which they record, had in all probability earlier documents at their disposal which are now lost. For the present purpose it will suffice to point out that if we were to admit contemporary sources only as historical evidence, and dis qualify every writer who lived later than the period about which he writes, we should have to expunge many an interesting chapter from history, and I fear very few chroniclers would pass muster. With regard to the place of burial of Duns, it is difficult to see what better evidence could be required than that supplied by Wadding. According to his testimony duplicate tablets were kept at the Cologne house, one in the sacristy (in sacrario), the other in the chapter-hall (in aula capitulari), which exhibited a list of all members of the order who died in that convent. The name of the "Subtle Doctor," we are told, was the thirty-sixth on the list, and the entry recording his death ran as fol lows: "D. P. Fr. Joannes Scotus, sacræ theologiæ professor, Doctor Subtilis nominatus, quondam lector Coloniæ, qui obiit Anno 1308. vi, Idus Novembris." This entry proves the date and place of his death; and unless substantial evidence be forthcoming to prove the contrary, we must assume that, according to the established custom, he was buried in the church of his order. Had he been a humble lay brother he would have been interred in some out-of the-way corner, perhaps in the churchyard. But as he had occupied the important position of divinity lecturer and was held in great esteem by his brother monks, they naturally assigned a place of honour for his resting-place, and buried him in such conspicuous spot as the entrance of the sacristy. Not to have buried him inside the church would have been tantamount to a verdict that he had died in disgrace, and forfeited his right to his seven feet of ground within the sacred edifice. Then, as regards the transfer of his remains, first to the middle of the choir and subsequently to the back of the high altar, where they now rest, we have a full account of the proceedings on the latter occasion, copied from a written statement found in the present grave when it was reopened and the bones were gathered up and placed in a new double coffin, of wood and lead, at the beginning of the seventeenth century. From this account we know that the second transfer was effected with great solemnity, and it is reasonable to suppose that the first was also carried out with a certain amount of pomp, though no record thereof has seemingly been preserved, and the very date of the event is not known. At any rate, it is difficult to imagine that the exact site of the grave of such an illustrious brother and bright star of their order as Duns could have been forgotten by the friars, or that there could have been any bungling in disinterring his remains. With regard to the MS. Kalendarium referred to by Dr. Ennen, an autopsy would perhaps be a far more satisfactory way of determining its date than the most ingenious conjecture. Furthermore, I fail to see the emphasizing of praise, the attempt at toning down a reproach of obscurity, &c., which your correspondent thinks can be discovered in the passage quoted from this document. The reproach of obscurity was clearly directed against the style of Duns's books, and not the repute of their author. It is a matter of opinion which of the two passages is more eulogistic and magniloquent. A reference to my note will show that I did not suggest that the epitaphs should have been set out in full. I simply stated the fact, without comment, that Hartzheim and Dr. Ennen (both Cologne men) quote an inscription which is entirely different from the one printed in the 'Dictionary.' While upon this subject I may be allowed to point out that no attempt has as yet been made to clear up the difficulty about the date of Duns's birth. According to his biographers he was born either in 1265 or 1274, but this is in contradiction to the statement that he was at Paris the pupil of Alexander of Hales, who died as early as 1245 (cf., e. g., Wadding, 'Annales Minorum,' vol. iii. p. 136) or a few years later, but at any rate long before Duns is stated to have seen the light. L. L. K. ANTHONY YOUNG, MUSICIAN (7th S. vii. 322).~ The evidence on which the authorship of God save the King' is attributed to this musician is utterly flimsy and unconvincing, dated, as it is, about the time when G. S. Carey was claiming the credit for his father, and quite unsupported by any real proof (see Clarke's Account of the National Anthem,' and 'N. & Q.,' passim, as indicated at the above reference). MR. MASKELL calls Charles Young the son of Anthony. How is this established? It would be interesting to know. Anthony Young was organist of St. Clement Danes (see Post Boy, June 3, 1707), and of St. Catherine Cree (see Burney). He is described as organist of All Hallows Barking on the copy of 'God save the King' on which he is also called the composer of that air; but this is probably a double mistake. He was a subscriber to the Royal Society of I have most of his songs Musicians in 1738. enumerated by MR. MASKELL, and also these: A song set by Mr. Anthony Young," Ah how cruel Fate pursues me; another, beginning Cease whining Damon to complain; and another, Charming is your shape and air; all half-sheet songs, like broadsides; but no conthe name of Young as that of its author; nor do I temporary setting of God save the King' with believe that any such exists. JULIAN MARSHALL. As I cannot see that the apparent facts of the case at all bear out the supposition that the Youngs of Easter Seaton were ruined by the "Great Rebellion of 1649," I should be glad to know whether MR. MASKELL thinks he has evidence adequate to affiliate Anthony on that stock. Of course he might belong to it, and yet an erroneous tradition arise in later days concerning the fortunes of the family. As a matter of fact, the Youngs appear to have retained the Seaton property till 1670, and then to have purchased part of Auldbar, from which they were subsequently designed. I do not see the name of Anthony mentioned as that of any son, or grandson, or great-grandson of Sir Peter Young of Easter Seaton, and the probability is that if the filiation of Anthony, the alleged composer of the music of the National Anthem, had been known to the editor of Anderson's 'Scottish Nation' he would have given some account of that member of the family s. v. "Young." NOMAD. CLOCKS (7th S. vii. 266).-" Paid for a clocke," cloak, or cloke, is meant; perhaps a fur-lined one, as the cost was so great. BOILEAU. CRISS-CROSS Row (7th S. vii. 228, 297, 358).— Mrs. Humphry Ward tells us that "the force of things is against the certain people" (Amiel's Journal,' i. p. lxxi). DR. NICHOLSON moralizes about assertions, but he is wrong. In 1st S. ix. 457 there is an extract from an author of 1580, who says that he himself learned from a horn-book upon which was printed the alphabet in shape of a cross, which shape is there reproduced to stop gainsaying. On the alphabet cross-wise at dedications see also 1st S. ix. 457; 7th S. ii. 411. This was sent to Dr. Murray March 23. W. C. B. DOG-WATCHES (7th S. vii. 306).-The Daily Telegraph derivation is only the absurd guess of a witty dog. There was an Armfield, whether Charles or not I cannot say, who painted dogs for ever, from trundle-tike to mastiff, and he is now perhaps amusing his time with colouring dog-watches. The dog-watches aboard ship are two, and they are half-watches, namely, from 4 to 6 and 6 to 8 P.M. It is because they are fitful and short they are called dog, as in dog-sleep, and you may have a dog-sleep on a dog-watch. The watch may sleep when not wanted, but to sleep when we had naval discipline was death for the officer of the watch. Theodore Hook explained dog-watches as cur-tailed, but this will scarcely serve as etymology. Walthamstow. C. A. WARD. If Mr. Charles Armfield had only taken the trouble to look into his Dr. Brewer he would have found that the explanation of dog-watch which he had recently learnt was generally accepted. There is another explanation, to which, when abroad not long ago, I took the liberty, considering it comparatively new, to draw your attention, but which I have not yet seen in your columns. At a lecture at the United Service Institution on March 15, on 'Dogs for Military Purposes (auxiliary sentinels, scouts, &c.), Admiral Boys remarked that he believed dog-watches received their name from the employment of dogs on shipboard for similar purposes. KILLIGREW. It seems that the Scandinavians have a particular watch named dagmalastad, described as the watch immediately before the mid-day watch; so extendSee more in ing from 7.30 A.M. to 10.30 A.M. Laing's Heimskringla.' Dag might become corrupted to dog, but means day.' A. HALL. 13, Paternoster Row, E C. ESTIENNE LE NOIR (7th S. vii. 309).-Has MR. BUCKLEY looked into P. Dubois's 'Histoire de l'Horlogerie,' Paris, 1849? It has biographies of clockmakers. C. A. WARD. Walthamstow. CLUBBING (7th S. vii. 348, 373).-This is a somewhat curious modern application of the word. It would be one sprung from the rank and file, I should think. Few educated men could start it. Cultivation, it has long been obvious to me, loses the instinct of constructive etymology; the intelligent sailor, soldier, labourer, ploughman, woodman retain it. A new acception that comes from them will mostly be right, and, as it springs from a want, so it will be rare. The educated in this department mostly blunder. They are too rich, or rather superfluously supplied, to understand real want, so that necessity does not help them towards invention. They think, theorize, and are unnerved. A club is a knobbed stick, a clodded, clumped thing, massed. Used aggressively, it cleaves. Wachter gives Kloben, to cleave, A.-S. cleofan. It is an instrument that makes the Belgic Klove, rima, chink, fissure. Clubbish is clownish, lumpish, loutish, according to Junius, and it has its analogies in Greek and Hebrew. It implies polar opposites, to mass together and to cleave asunder. Skinner shows that a club of men associated is based on a joint reckoning, each member contributing pro rata. There, again, is association and division. This soldiers' word, then, of clubbing is of admirable instinctive exhibition, striking profound root into cosmopolitan speech, not English only. When their line is forced, driven in, or, so to say, split by the blow, the adjacent men are knocked together, and get badly wedged. A wedge is used to split, and here a split gets wedged. It is admirable, most appropriate, and easier felt than explained. Walthamstow. C. A. WARD. FROUDE'S 'TWO CHIEFS OF DUNBOY' (7th S. vii. 386).-An exact parallel to this error is afforded by what was a good deal talked of at the time, that in Lothair' Lord Beaconsfield once or twice for Monsignor Catesby let slip the name Monsignor Capel, his living prototype for that ecclesiastic. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. |