CLAYPOLE.-Can any of your readers tell me the name of James Claypole's wife? James was a son of John Claypole and Mary Angell (married June 8, 1622), and a brother of John, who married Elizabeth, favourite daughter of Oliver Cromwell. J. RUTGERS LE ROY. 14, Rue Clement Marot, Paris. JOHN CHOLMLEY, M.P. for Southwark from 1698 until his decease in 1711. Who was he? A Jasper Cholmley, said to have descended from the Cholmleys of Whitby, Yorkshire, was seated at Highgate, Middlesex, temp. Elizabeth, and "John Cholmley, of Highgate, Middlesex' (possibly son of Jasper), was admitted to Gray's Inn March 12, 1624/5. Was the member for Southwark akin to these? W. D. PINK. 'VIEW OF THE CREATION.'-I have the remains of an old picture-book, without letterpress, apparently entitled 'The View of the Creation.' It is divided into parts, each part having a recital of the title on foot of its first plate. Thus the first perfect title in my copy runs as follows: The Pleasant Garden or a book of severall sorts and sizes of most rare, sweet, delightfull Flowers and Slips exactly Drawn and excellently engraven being ye 5th Part of the View of the Creation. They are Printed, Coloured and are to be sold by Ro Walton at ye Globe and Compasses on ye north side of St. Paules as also all ye other parts understood]. Preceding this part are portions of the third part, treating of beasts, and nearly the whole of the fourth part, treating, very humorously, of birds; after it the sixth part, relating to fishes and sea monsters; in all thirty plates. There is no date to any part. Every plate has Robert Walton's name appended. Three are signed by J. Chantrey (two "I. C." and one "I. Chantry sculpo."), one with "Vaughan sculpsit." They are on thick paper, without water-mark, and the rough edges are left round the impression of the copper (?) plate. They measure 11 in. by 7 in. The present binding was put on about 1690, but the book must, I fancy, from its treatment of the objects depicted, be much earlier. Any information as to its age, it is not in any catalogue to which I have access. rarity, or state when perfect will much oblige, as STEUART. ETYMOLOGY OF PAIGNTON.-Although the accepted modern spelling of this place-name is as above, the g was formerly on the other side of the n, and presumably has no right in the word at all, There can hardly, I suppose, be any doubt that which is spelt Paynton, or Painton, in Camden. the first syllable is of Celtic origin. Is it the Welsh word pain, which signifies the farina of flowers or the bloom of fruit? Blackheath. Replies. W. T. LYNN. "IDOL SHEPHERD." (7th S. vii. 306.) It is true that the Revised Version misses the idea which DR. BREWER believes to be expressed in the words "idol shepherd" (Zech. xi. 17), but a little examination of the Hebrew text will show this idea is not contained in the original, and that there is good ground for the translation of the revisers, worthless shepherd." The words thus translated are ro'i haelil, which are variously rendered by Biblical scholars; either "shepherd who is worthless," taking the words in apposition, as the A.V. and R.V., following the Vulgate, have done, or one who shepherds (tends) that which is worthless," as the LXX. translates it-the Vulgate having, "O pastor, et idolum," the LXX., oi rendering is seen in the Syria and Arabic versions ποιμαίνοντες τὰ μάταια. The same difference of (as translated in Walton's Polyglot), the former being "Heus pastor stolide," the latter, “Qui pascitis vanitates," and in some of our own earlier (1537), Cranmer (1540), Barker (1597), agree in Coverdale (1537), Matthew English versions. "O Idol Shepherd" (with variations in spelling), while Becke (1549) has "O Idoll's Shephearde." The reading in Tindal's translation, by Whitchurch (1549), "O Idle Shepherd's," may be a printer's error, unless the epithet "idle" is regarded as equivalent to useless, worthless. The translation of Tremellius and Junius (1593), gives " Væ pastori mihi nihili." But whatever the construction of the sentence may be, the rendering of the revisers is probably the correct one, and is supported by all the best recent commentators, German and English, e.g., Keil and Delitzsch (Clarke's trans., p. 377), "Woe to the worthless shepherd"; Hitzig ('Hdbch. z. Alt. Test.,' vol. vi. p. 372), "Ha lüderlicher Hirt"; Ewald (Prophets of O.T.,' trans., vol. i. p. 327), "O my worthless shepherd"; Pusey ('Minor Prophets,' p. 575), "A shepherd of nothingness, one who hath no quality of a shepherd." "Idol" is only a secondary meaning of the word elil. The original idea is vanity, emptiness, nothingness, and is applied to the false gods of the heathen and their images, as being of "nothing worth." It is in this derived sense of very frequent occurrence in the O.T. Cf. Lev. xix. 4, xxvi. 1; Ps. xcvi. 5; xcvii. 7, and repeatedly in Isaiah. It occurs in the primary sense in Jerem. xiv. 14, They prophesy to you...... divination and a thing of nought," and in Job xiii. 4, a very similar passage to this of Zechariah, "Ye are all physicians of no value" (rhophey elil). Enough has been said to show that the sense of "counterfeit," suggested by DR. BREWER, and his reference to the Pharisees as "idol shepherds," because "they did their good deeds to be seen of men," is not warranted by the text, and that our revisers are supported by the oldest and best authorities in the translation "worthless." not quite accurate. Without a good rubbing the miscopied or full of blunders. It is obvious that WALTER W. SKEAT. This is not improbably a familiar inscription spoilt in great measure by the ignorance of the workman: Ave Maria Dei Genetrix The exact number, with some of the correct It is true that Dr. Pusey mentions as an alter-letters, appears. native rendering," shepherd, thou idol,' including the original meaning of nothingness, such as Anti-do with Jeanne d'Arc:-AVE MAREIA DE AR MA The deciphering I would suggest has nothing to christ will be while he calleth himself God, and willeth to be worshipped"; and the late Bishop NG T-Ave Mareia Deipara Mater Nati UniWordsworth translates it, "Woe to the shepherd, geniti. J. CARRICK MOORE. the idol," and regards it as prophetic denunciation of the Pope of Rome. Such a reference, however, has failed to meet with acceptance. EDMUND VENABLES. BYTAKE (7th S. vii. 389).-In Halliwell-Phillipps's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words,' bytack is given as meaning "a farm taken in addition to another farm, and on which the tenant does not reside." EDWARD M. BORRAJO. The Library, Guildhall, E.C. DR. BREWER has given these words a meaning that the authors of the A.V. assuredly never contemplated. If he will turn to the Hebrew, he will Bytake is put for land not belonging to a farm, find the literal translation (that is, supposing but at some greater or less distance from it, occuis rendered "idol(s)," and not "worthless-pied or used by the same tenant. BOILEAU. ness") to be "shepherd of idol(s)"; and this was turned by Coverdale into "idols shepherde," in the A.V. into "idol shepherd," and by Luther into "Götzenhirten." "Idol" is, therefore, used in its ordinary sense, and the meaning is a shepherd addicted to idols, an idolatrous shepherd, shepherd being equivalent to ruler, or possibly prophet (Gesenius, Thes.') I will not here discuss whether This rendering or that in the Revised Version is the more correct or probable one. The A.V. is hased upon Isa. x. 10, the R.V. upon Job xiii. 4, F. CHANCE. Jer. xiv. 14. Sydenham Hill. GOTHIC INSCRIPTION (7th S. vii. 368).—This inscription, if the date is approximately correct, is probably in Lombardic characters, and it is no disrespect to the transcriber to presume that it is AITKEN FAMILY (7th S. vii. 448).-As I am myself interested in the family of James Aitken, Bishop of Galloway, and wrote about him years ago in 'N. & Q.,' I should like to hear privately from your correspondent who has lately shown an interest in the subject. There were other Aitkens in Culross (down to 1710, if not later) besides the Parliamentary_representative mentioned by Mr. HAMILTON. I am rather inclined, from certain circumstances which seem to point in that direction, to the belief that the bishop's family came from the neighbourhood of Culross. At the same time, I am acquainted with Aitken as an Upper Ward name, where it occurs on the Poll Tax Record of 1695, so that Lanarkshire might turn out to be the part of Scotland from which Henry (or Harry) Aitken, the bishop's father, or his FLUCK (7th S. vii. 366, 494).—In shooting in Hampshire and Surrey in 1858-1862 we always said that a hare or rabbit had been flecked if a piece of fur had been cut out by shot so as to remain behind when the creature was nevertheless able to run on. D. Rectory of Whitchurch Canonicorum by Dr. Bagot, Bishop of Bath and Wells, formerly Bishop of Oxford. A list of his publications is given by Lowndes, to which may be added 'An Inquiry into the Possibility of obtaining the Means for Church Extension without Parliamentary Grants.' In the original letters patent for the creation of baronets, A.D. 1611, the limitation is :-"Concedimus præfato......et hæredibus masculis de corpore suo legitime procreatis," which is the usual form to the exclusion of heirs by a collateral line. ED. MARSHALL. For an account of his baronetcy see 'N. & Q.,' 349, 474. 4th S. i. 460, 520; ii. 47; 5th S. iii. 29, 73; 7th S. DANIEL HIPWELL. 34, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell. [Other replies are omitted, the subject having previously been thrashed out.] The word "What Rev. W. Palmer (7th S. vii. 369).—The ques-i. tion of the baronetcy of which the title has been borne by the Rev. W. Palmer has been the subject of notice at various times in 'N. & Q.' AN ESSEX MAN, in 4th S. i. 521, states that his father" called himself of Streamstown, co. West Meath, and In- PUNNING MOTTO (7th S. vii. 446).-The intervermore, co. Mayo"; and also that he believes him pretation of a motto on a sundial in Derbyshire to claim descent from the Palmers, baronets of reported by MR. BARTLETT reminds me of an inWingham, through Henry Palmer, who is said on scription on a tea-chest, equally absurd and somethe family monument to have died young, so that he what similar in its construction. terms the baronetcy a fiction. On the other hand, "Doces" stood on the lid of the box. H. W., 4th S. ii. 47, says that it is "well known" does that mean?" I asked my host, as he filled that the title belongs to him, and that it may be my cup. "You know Latin, I suppose?" he seen in any genuine Irish baronetage, of which, answered. "I have been told 'doces however, he has not a copy by him. At 5th S. iii.thou tea-chest." 73, MR. C. F. S. WARREN remarks of the baronetcy that he believes it to be that of Wingham, created 1621, but dormant since the death of Sir C. Harcourt Palmer, sixth baronet, in 1773 (Burke's 'Extinct Baronetage,' p. 602). But he also says that he is not aware of the pedigree. LORD LYTTELTON, at the same reference, answers the query at p. 29 by saying that "he is called Sir W. Palmer because he is so, and has been a long time." It sometimes seems to be forgotten that the title to a baronetcy descends by the patent of creation, not by heirship, so that the descendants of a brother may be heirs to the estate without any claim to the title. To prevent this in the case of Lord Brougham the title was to descend in his brother's line. So, too, when the son of the first Duke of Marlborough died the honours were settled on his posterity by his daughters and their heirs by Act 5 Anne, c. iii. There is no one to prevent, if it be so, the assumption of a title to a baronetcy without claim, as there is in the case of a similar assumption of the title to a peerage. Newman's Apologia,' part iv., ' History of my Religious Opinions' (pp. 108, sqq., London, 1864; chap. ii. pp. 40, sqq., London, 1875) contains a eulogy upon Mr. Palmer's attainments and services at an earlier period:-" Mr. Palmer had many conditions of authority and influence. He was the only really learned man amongst us." He married a daughter of Admiral Beaufort, author of 'Karamania.' He was presented to the " means A. R. In The Jest "DOGMATISM AND "PUPPYISM" (7th S. vii. 449).-Your correspondent ACHE has shown Dean Burgon to be in error, and has correctly surmised that the definition belongs of right to Douglas Jerrold, and not to Dean Mansel. Book,' by Mark Lemon (Macmillan, 1864) is the following:-"Dogmatism is Puppyism come to its full growth.-D. J." (p. 204). The initials, of course, refer to his old friend Douglas Jerrold. In 'The Wit and Opinions of Douglas Jerrold,' by his son Blanchard Jerrold (Henry Lea, London, 1859), the same quotation is given (p. 28). No precise reference is given as to the place in which CUTHBERT BEDE. the words are to be found. The quotation from Douglas Jerrold's 'Man made of Money,' p. 252, is at 1st S. iv. 160, from MR. E. STEANE JACKSON : "Taking off his hat and smoothing the wrinkles of his brow, Topps said, 'Humph! what is dogmatism? Why, it is this, of course: dogmatism is puppyism come to its full growth.'" ED. MARSHALL. The tendency is, at the present day, to do away with all corporal punishment-to the encouragement, to my mind, of insubordination and, in too many cases, of crime. Amongst the criminal classes especially corporal punishment should be resorted to, as it is well known that the fear of personal pain will often make a man or boy hesitate to commit a crime where imprisonment only (with or without hard labour) will have no deterring effect whatever. This was clearly seen in the old garotting days. Solomon's advice, rightly read, is the most satisfactory both to the parent and the child in the end. In an exercise given at a school, the theme being Solomon's well-known saying, a boy sent in the following four lines, which are not unhappy : Solomon said, in accents mild, Leather and wallop them, Solomon said. ALPHA. DARCY OR DORSEY (7th S. vii. 88, 195, 254, 413). MR. TEw writes from Holderness. As the Darcys were Earls of Holderness, it is not difficult to account for the name being used as a Christian name in that neighbourhood. ISAAC TAYLOR. SIR NICHOLAS WENTWORTH'S BEQUEST (7th S. vii. 427, 457).—The explanation of this is simple enough. There are two separate bequests, the one to poor maidens' marriages, the other to the mending of highways. Such bequests are very common in wills of this date and in conjunction. Ann Barett, of Bury, 1504 ('Bury Wills,' p. 96), thus directs : "The resydue of the seid xi marcs I will a part be gevyn to poore maydyns that be honest and good at ther maryage and a pte to be spent in hy weyys." Sir John Gresham, Knt., 1554, in his will: buted to the marriage of poore maydens, and mendynge of high wayes "; or "to the marriage of poore maydens, mendynge of high wayes, & other uses." Salmon, in his 'History of Surrey,' mentions that bequests for marrying poor maids were frequent in early times; and that in some places a sum of money was charged on lands for them, and a house for them to dwell in for a year after W. R. TATE. marriage." 66 Walpole Vicarage, Halesworth. I think the word "and" has been omitted either by the writer of the will or by the transcriber. Before highway rates were a tax that could be enforced by law it was common for pious people to leave money for their repair. It was a great work of charity, for in many parts of England the roads became so dangerous from want of repair that life and property were frequently sacrificed. readers of old wills will call to mind that bequests of marriage portions for poor maidens are very common in them. I have understood that down to the present day it is common in Roman Catholic countries to have societies for this beneANON. volent purpose. All WINTER OR WINTOUR (7th S. vii. 108, 254, 291, 415)).—Harl. MSS., British Museum, 1041, ff. 7, 49 or 53; 1566, ff. 108, 120, 167; 1160, ff. 108-110; 1484, ff. 73b (arms only). I cannot speak with certainty now, but my impression is that the Gunpowder Plot Winters are referred to in one or other of the above. If HERMENTRUDE should care to send me a letter under cover, I would forward it to a Mr. Wintour (Winter) who takes considerable interest in the subject, and who has accumulated memorIt is possible he anda relating to his ancestors. might be able to give her some notes. 157, Dalston Lane, N.E. J. G. BRADford. "Item to poor maydens marriages within the citie of BED-STAFF (6th S. xii. 496; 7th S. i. 30, 96, 279, London cll whereof I will every of them shall have x412).-Through the reading and kindness of my Item to the repairing and amending of highways being most noysome and foule within xx miles compasse of the friend Mr. P. A. Daniel, I give further examples citie of London and especially Southwards 711 by the dis- of this word. cretion of my Executors." Further on in the same will there occurs : "And where I was Executor of William Bottery citizen and mercer of London whereby among other things he devised ccli among pore maydes marriages dwelling within the Parish of Thorpe C Norfolk." Cecilie Cioll, 1608, bequeaths "to the helpe and furtherance of poore maydes marriages 40 to be devided in tenne shillings apeece at the descretion of my Executors and overseers." G. L. G. In the will alluded to by W. L. R. evidently a comma is understood-stops less than a full stop are seldom or never written in sixteenth century documents after the word "maydens"; or, if not so, there must be the word "and" (&). Sir Nicholas left the sums "to be spent and distri 1. The Parson's Wedding,' by Th. Killigrew, printed 1664, but written earlier, at Basil, i. 3 (Collier's 'Dodsley,' vol. xi. p. 471). In it Mr. Jolly, speaking of an odd lady, says : "She hates a man with all his limbs...... Her gentleman-usher broke his leg last dog-days, merely to have the honour to have her set it: a foul rank rogue! and so full of salt humours that he posed a whole college of old women with a gangrene, which spoiled the jest, and his ambling before my lady, by applying a hand-saw to his gart'ring place; and now the rogue wears booted bed-staves, and destroys all the young ashes to make him legs." Conceive a man making himself look more ridiculous by bulging out his boot with our bedstaves, and his greater ridiculousness in taking to these staves instead of having properly shaped splints or a properly shaped leg made for him! Does not, too, the "destruction of all the young ashes" show that they never were bed-staves, but that "booted bed-staves" is a phrase used for wooden pins like the sticks used for beating up mattresses, &c., which are "booted " inasmuch as each has a boot, or cup-like projection in which the stump rests? 2. In Webster's 'Vittoria Corambona,' Dyce's one-volume edition, p. 38, col. 1, Zanche, the Moorish waiting woman, says of Cornelia, the mother of her mistress Vittoria : She's good for nothing but to make her maids Here, as "light" is used for "heavy," so there is a meaning in bed-staff which we need not discuss, further than to say that the word and simile are meaningless unless we take it as that which tumbles and tosses the bed, or treats it as did the old bed staff. 3. There is a third example in 'King Cambises' (Hawkins's 'Origin of the English Drama,' vol. i. p. 304); but I do not quote it, as it proves nothing to those who can suppose that a second flat bed staff of the kind that support a mattress could have been wanted by Bobadil, and that he called for what he could not have been without, rather than for a broomstick, as a suitable and ready style of fencing weapon. To such, to first extract such a bed-staff, and then to grasp and wield it with both hands, is the most suitable means a woman could choose to break her husband's head-far handier and surer than an ashen stick or a poker. BR. NICHOLSON. BOSWELL'S 'LIFE OF JOHNSON' (7th S. vii. 327).I have noted the following errors in the pagination of vol. ii. first edition, 1791: 404 for 408, 504 for 497, 470 for 504, 525 for 555, and 587, 588 for 585, 586. "The Corrections and Additions," which fill a page after the contents in vol. i., do not contain any notice of these errors in paging. A misprint in a Greek quotation on p. 303, vol. i., is corrected, but another on p. 284 is passed over, KAT' OKην for Kar' oxy; as also on p. 275, condescente" for candescente; and p. 291, "Harvey" for Hervey. W. E. BUCKLEY. PRONUNCIATION OF VASE (7th S. vi. 489; vii. 173, 236, 316). Do the rhymes quoted on pp. 173 and 174 prove anything about the pronunciation? In 'The Rape of the Lock' are tongue rhyming with long and lung, billet-doux with true and row, ear with hair and near, Matadore with bore and Moor, tea with away and obey, join with nine, &c. In 'Don Juan,' in the canto referred to (i. e., viii.), are wounds rhyming with sounds, loss with Grose, dozen with rosin, scamper'd with rampart, troops with hopes, &c. In Keats and Moore such examples may be found in plenty. The word comes to us through the French vase. The usual pro nunciation is, I think, vahse. Is it not more probable that the French pronunciation in general use should have been continuous than that after being lost it should have been taken back? Surely vase, having no r, cannot rhyme with Mars, stars, &c.? The evidence in Roche's verses seems to be in favour of vahse or vaws, since the one is attributed to Philadelphia, the other to Boston. ROBERT PIERPOINT. St. Austin's, Warrington, Add to the authorities cited Dean Swift, who makes vase rhyme to face ('Strephon and Chloe'). CUTHBERT BEDE. CHAPMAN'S ALL FOOLS': "To......SIR THO. WALSINGHAM" (7th S. vi. 47; vii. 177).--It is well known that most of Mr. J. P. Collier's valuable books passed into the possession of the late Mr. Frederic Ouvry, P.S.A. If DR. NICHOLSON will refer to Mr. Ouvry's sale catalogue he will find in lot 254 the copy of Al Fooles of which he is in search. It is noted in the catalogue that Mr. Dyce says, in reference to this copy, "This poetical dedication is found, I believe, only in a single copy of this play." The lot sold for 11. 12s., and the purchaser, according to the entry in my copy of the catalogue, was "Robson." Perhaps if Dr. NICHOLSON applied to Messrs. Robson & Kerslake, of 23, Coventry Street, he might hear something about the book. I am glad that DR. NICHOLSON is unwilling to bring forward another charge of forgery without good proof, because I consider that Mr. Collier's reputation has been assailed in many instances on very slight grounds. A few years ago I showed in N. & Q' that the remarkable entries in the 1629 edition of Marlowe and Chapman's Hero and Leander,' upon which Mr. Bullen threw some doubts in his new edition of Marlowe, were perfectly genuine, or, at any rate, could not have been forged by Collier, as they existed before the book came into Collier's possession (Heber's sale catalogue, part iv. lot 1415). This book was also transferred by Collier to Mr. Ouvry, and was sold as lot 1031 at that gentleman's auction. It is now in my possession. W. F. PRIDEaux, Jaipur, Rajputana. HERODOTUS AND THE SCYTHIANS (7th S. vii. 408).-MR. LACH-SZYRMA will find almost everything that can be profitably said concerning the Scythian tribes in Cuno's essay, "Das Skythien des Herodot," which forms the fourth chapter of the first volume of his 'Forschungen im Gebiete der Alten Völkerkunde' (1871), a valuable and suggestive work, less known than it deserves to be, as is shown by the fact that there is as yet no copy in the Library of the British Museum. There are also some valuable remarks by Zeuss, in 'Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstamme,' pp. 275-302; by Diefenbach, in 'Origines Europææ,' pp. 83-90; |