In Oxymoron contradictions meet,

And jarring epithets and fubjects greet.
Figures for proof.

Etiology gives ev'ry thame a reason;

And, with convincing arguments, doth season.
Inverfion makes the adverfary's plea

A ftrong, nay best defence, that urg'd can be.
Prolepfis your objection doth prevent;
With anfwers fuitable and pertinent.
Epitrope gives leave and facts permits,
Whether it speaks fincere or counterfeits.
Figures for amplifying.

An Incrementum by degrees doth rife,
And from a low t'a lofty pitch it flies.
Synonymy doth divers words prepare,
Yet each of them one meaning doth declare.
A Synathræfmus fums up various things,
And as into one heap together brings.
EXAMPLES.

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

39. Proud humility. This bitter fweet. 40. Defpife pleafure; for pleafure bought with pain, hurteth. 41. Had I killed him, as you report, I had not stayed to bury him. 42. What then? fhall we fin, because we are not under the Law, but Grace? God forbid ! 43, Go, take your courfe; I will not ftop your rambles. 44. The wickednefs of a mob, the cruel force of a tyrant, ftorms and tempefts, even Jupiter's thunder; nay, if the world fhould fall, it cannot difturb the juft man, nor fhake his folid refolution. 45. Freedom and liberty: he is yet alive; he breathes æthereal air. 46. Thief, taylor, miller, weaver, &c.

TERMS Englished.

39. A witty foolish faying. 40. Showing a reafon. 41. Inverfion. 42. Prevention. 43. Permifsion. 44. Increafing. 45. Partaking together of a name. 46. Gathering together.

Apophafis, pretending to conceal

The whole it meant to hide, muft needs reveal.

A Paraleipfis cries, I leav't behind,

I let it pafs; tho' you the whole may find.

Periphrafis of words doth use a train,
Intending one thing only to explain.
Hendiadis, for adjectives, doth chofe
Their proper fubftantives themselves to use.
By Erotefis, what we know we ask,
Prescribing to ourselves a needless task.
By Ecphonefis ftraight the mind is rais'd,
When by a fudden flow of passion feiz'd.
Epiphonema makes a final clause,

When narratives and proofs afford a cause.
Epanorthofis doth past words correct,
And, only to enhance, feems to reject.
Apofiopefis leaves imperfect sense;

Yet fuch a filent pause speaks eloquence.

EXAMPLES.

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

47. I fay nothing of your idleness, and other things, for which you cannot excufe yourfelf. 48. I omit the bribes you received; I let pafs your thefts and robberies. 49. The writer of the Trojan war, for Homer. 50. He drinks out of gold and cups, for golden cups. 51. Was ever virtue put to harder tasks? 52. Alas! Oh banished piety! Oh corrupted nation! 53. Of fo great moment was it to raise the English nation. 54. Moft brave! Brave, faid I? Moft heroic Act! 55. Whom I-But it is better, to compofe the fwelling waves.

TERMS Englished.

47. Not faying. 48. Leaving. 49. Circumlocution. 50% One into two. 51. A queftioning. 52. Exclamation. 53. Acclamation. 54. Correcting. 55. A pausing or conceal

ing.

Anacanofis tries another's mind,

The better counfel of a friend to find.
Aporia, in words and actions, doubts;
And with itfelf, what may be beft, difputes.
Profopopaia a new perfon feigns,

And to inanimates speech and reason deigns.
Apostrophe from greater themes or lefs,
Doth turn afide, to make a fhort addrefs.

Figures of Orthography.

Profthefis, to the front of words, doth add
Letters or fyllables they never had.
Apharefis from the beginning takes,
What properly a part of the word makes.
Syncope leaves part of the middle out,

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

Which caufeth of't of cafe and tenfe to doubt.

Epenthefis to th' middle adds one more,

63

Than what the word could justly claim before.

EXAMPLES.

56. Were it your cafe, what would you do? 57. What fhall I do? Muft. I be afked, or muft I ask? Then what fhall I afk? 58. The very ftones of the ftreets fpeak your wickednefs. The mountains clap their hands, and the hills fing for joy. 59. Thus he poffeffed the gold by violence! Oh! curfed thirft of gold! what wickedness doft thou not influence men's minds to perpetrate. 60. Yclad, for clad, in armour; begirt, for girt, with a fword. 61. Till, for until. 62. Ne'er, for never; o'er, for over. 63. Blackamoore. for Blackmoor.

TERMS Englifhed.

56. A communication. 57. A doubting. 58. Feigning a perfon. 59. Addrefs, or turning away from the principal fubject. 6. Adding to. 61. Taken from. 62. Cutting out. 63. Interpofition.

Apocope cuts off a final letter,

Or fillable, to make the verse run better.
A Paragoge adds unto the end;
Yet, not the fense, but measure to amend.
Metathefis a letter's place doth change,
So that the word appear not new or strange.
Antithefis doth change a syllable or letter,
Or holds up contrasts, as men think it better.

Figures of excess in Syntax.

A Pleonafmus hath more words than needs;
And, to augment the emphasis, exceeds.
In Polyfyndeton conjunctions flow,

And ev'ry word its cop'lative must show.
Parenthefis is intependent sense,

Clos'd in a sentence by a double fence.
Parolce particles doth oft' apply,
Which needlefs are and nothing fignify.

Figures of defect in Syntax.

Elleipfis leaves a word or fentence out,
When the conciseness causes not a doubt.

EXAMPLES.

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

64. Tho' for though, or although. 65, Chicken, for chick. 66. Cruds for curds. 67. Tye for tie; furnifht for furnished; as we act well or ill, we fhall receive happiness or mifery. 68. I faw it with mine eyes. 69. Fear, and joy, and hatred, and love feized the mind by turns. 70. I believe indeed (nor is my faith vain) that he is the offspring of the gods. 71 He evermore,for ever, feeds. 72True, for it is true, TERMS Englished.

64. A cutting off. 65. Producing, or making longer. 66. Tranfpofition. 67. Oppofition. 68. Superfluity. 69. Many copulatives. 70. Interpofition of words. 71. Prolonging. 72. A defect.

Zeugma repeats the verb as often o'er,
As conftruing words comes after or before.
Syllepfis, in more worthy, comprehends
The lefs; and former's preference defends
Afyndeton, or (which the fame implies)
Dialyton the cop'lative denies.

In the Context.

Hyperbaton makes words and sense to run

73

74

75

76

In order that's disturb'd; fuch rather fhun. Hysteron doth misplace both words and fenfe, 77 And makes the laft what's first by just pretence. Hypallage both cafes oft tranfpofe;

A liberty, that's never us'd in profe.

78

80

'Tis Hellenifmus; when we fpeak or write, 79
In the like style and phrase as Greeks indite.
By Tmefis words divided oft are seen,
And others 'twixt the parts do intervene.
Hyphen's a dash which parts of words doth join; 81
Or word to word, another word to coin.

EXAMPLES.

73. Nor leaf nor reed is stirred by the wind, i, e. nor leaf is ftirred, nor reed is ftirred, by the wind. 74. I and my brother, i. e. we, go out to play. 75. Faith, juftice, truth, religion, mercy dies. 76. Wealth, which the old man had rak'd and fcraped together, now the boy doth game and drink away; for Now the boy doth game and drink away the wealth, which the old man had raked and fcraped together. 77. He was bred and born, for born and bred, at London. 78. Cups, to which I never moved my lips, for cups, which I never moved to my lips. 79. I kept him from to die, i. e. from death. 8o. What crime foever, for whatsoever crime. 81. Purple-coloured.

TERMS Englished.

73. Joining, 74. Comprehenfion. 75. Disjoined, or without a copulative. 76. A pafsing over. 77. After-placing. 78. A changing. 79. A Græcilm. 89. Dividing. 81. Uniting.