He also bestowed pensions on Mrs. Somerville and Faraday, and it is pleasing to record that a niece of the great chemist, Miss Jane Barnard, still enjoys a pension.

'N. & Q' of the 8th of May, 1852, opens with a note by the Editor on Sir Robert Peel, and his claims to be remembered by the literary men of England. Mention is made of the many literary pensions granted during the time he was Prime Minister, as well as of his generosity towards Dr. Maginn, and it is proposed that a bust or statue of him should be placed in the vestibule of the British Museum.

In 1888 an investigation as to the Victorian administration of the Pension List, in reference to literature, was conducted for the committee of the Incorporated Society of Authors by Mr. William Morris Colles, and the result published. Mr. Colles proposes that "the sum of 1,2007. be yearly voted for the purpose of assisting distinguished men and women of letters, art, and science by granting pensions when they have arrived at the age of fifty-five or are incapacitated from work by ill health, mental or bodily, and their widows or daughters if they are in distressed circumstances."

LITERATURE.

1851, October 10th (Lord John Russell). MRS. MARY REID.

"In consideration of Dr. Reid's valuable contributions to literature, and of the distressed condition in which his widow and children are placed by his decease.' 50l."

Mrs. Reid is the widow of James Seaton Reid, D.D. (1798-1851), Church historian, author of 'History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland,' the third volume of which was completed by Prof. Killen, of Belfast (Dictionary of National Biography,' vol. xlvii. p. 429).

1856, November 10th (Lord Palmerston). MR. PHILIP JAMES BAILEY.

"In consideration of his literary merits.

1007."

He

Born at Nottingham, 22nd of April, 1816. Author of 'Festus,' published in 1839. was included in the honorary LL.D.s at the recent celebration at Glasgow University.

Mr. Theodore Watts in the Athenæum for April 1st, 1876, writes that

"there is, in fact, both here and in America, a large section of the public, both cultivated and uncultivated, which-free from the bonds of Calvinism on the one hand, and from hedonic nescience and art-worship on the other-feels a warm and passionate sympathy with Mr. Bailey's poem and the universalism it teaches. And this sympathyin religious circles, at least-is, as a matter of fact, widening. It might almost be said, indeed, that

Christianity can never-even in the highest development possible to it-get beyond the loving universalism of such opposite poets as Bailey and Burns. ......Had not 'Festus' been itself preceded (by something like four years) by Mr. Browning's Paracelsus,' and not followed by it, the influence of Bailey would, through Dobell, have been so great upon our youngest school that his place in the history of nineteenth-century poetry would have been more important than it even is now. Yet, in the study of English poetry, it is always necessary to consider the influence of Paracelsus' upon Festus,' the influence of Festus' upon Balder' and 'England in Time of War'; and the influence of these upon most subsequent poetry." 1858, February 15th (Lord Palmerston). MR. STEPHEN HENRY BRADBURY.

"In consideration of his contributions to literature. 50l."

1861, April 19th (Lord Palmerston). Second grant. "In consideration of his literary merit. 251."

A poet of the middle of the century. 1858, October 4th (Earl of Derby). MRS. SUSANNA Bartlett.

"In consideration of the literary merits of her husband, the late William Henry Bartlett. 757."

66

His

In consideration of the literary merit of her father, the late Mr. Douglas Jerrold. 50%." first article in Punch, signed Q., appeared in Douglas William Jerrold (1803-57). the second number, September 13th, 1841, and he was a constant contributor until ten

days before his death. From 1852 he was editor of Lloyd's Newspaper at a salary of 1,000l. a year. He contributed three columns of leaders each week as well as literary reviews. He was also an early contributor to the Athenæum. For a list of his works, &c., see 'D.N.B.,' vol. xxix. pp. 349-52. 1863, June 18th (Lord Palmerston).

MR. GERALD MASSEY.

As to a lyric poet, sprung from the people. 70%."

1887, April 1st (Marquis of Salisbury). Second grant. "In consideration of his literary merit, and of the smallness of his means of support. 301."

Born at Gamble Wharf, near Tring,

May 29th, 1828. His first book was 'Voices of Freedom and Lyrics of Love,' 1851, followed by 'The Ballad of Babe Christabel,' 1855, Craigcrook Castle,' 1856, and many others. His last work published is My Lyrical Life,' 1890.

1866, December 10th (Earl of Derby). MISS MARY CRAIK.

"In consideration of the services of her father, the late Dr. Craik, as Professor of History and English Literature in the Queen's College, Belfast. 30%."

George Lillie Craik (1798-1866), born at Kennoway, Fife. He came to London, and became connected with Charles Knight, and contributed largely to the publications of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge; also to the Penny Magazine and Penny Cyclopædia. In 1849 he was appointed to the above-mentioned professorship ('D.N.B.,' vol. xiii. p. 1).

1870, April 12th (W. E. Gladstone). MR. ROBERT WILLIAM BUCHANAN.

"In consideration of his literary merits as a poet. 1007.”

Born August 18th, 1841; died June 10th, 1901. Obituary notice in Athenæum, June 15th. M.A.P. of same date: 'Robert Buchanan's Youth.' The Spectator, June 29th, 1901, contains a communication signed W. W., stating that "lines from the Siren' adorn the drawing-room of the beautiful châteauobservatory of Abbadia, near Hendaye, now belonging to the Institute of France. They well express the feelings of the late owner when he built the château." A translation is given. The lines commence

Oh melancholy waters, softly flow!

1877, June 1st (Earl of Beaconsfield). MISS MARY ANN DE FOE.

แ "The lineal descendant of the author of 'Robinson Crusoe.' 75l."

In the Athenæum of June 1st, 1895, Mr. George A. Aitken gives a list of books from the catalogue of Defoe's library. The missing catalogue had been lying all these years in the British Museum.

1877, November 28th (Earl of Beaconsfield). MR. GEORGE MACDONALD.

"In consideration of his contributions to literature. 1007."

Born 1824. Was an Independent minister, but retired on account of his health. His first book was a poem, published in 1856, 'Within and Without'; his long series of

1880, April 28th (Earl of Beaconsfield). MRS. MARIAN HEPWORTH DIXON.

"In consideration of the literary services of her late husband, Mr. William Hepworth Dixon. 100%."

William Hepworth Dixon (1821-79). His life of Howard (published 1850) went through three editions in one year. From 1853 to 1869 editor of the Athenæum. It was at his suggestion greater facilities were given to the public to visit the Tower of London, and during his first trip to America he arranged for the recovery of the Irish State Papers, for which he was offered the honour of knighthood ('D.N.B.,' vol. xv. pp. 128-9).

1881, October 31st (W. E. Gladstone). DR. CHARLES WELLS.

"In recognition of his services in connexion with Oriental languages and literature. 50/."

Born 6 September, 1838; special correspondent of the Daily Telegraph in the Schleswig-Holstein War, 1864 (Who's Who,' 1901).

1881, October 31st (W. E. Gladstone). MR. CHARLES PATRICK O'CONOR.

"In consideration of his merit as a poet, and of his narrow means of subsistence. 50%." 1882, August 16th (W. E. Gladstone).

MR. SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER.

"In recognition of his valuable contributions to the history of England. 150%." Born March 4th, 1829 (Who's Who,' 1901).

1884, February 9th (W. E. Gladstone).

MR. FREDERICK JAMES FURNIVALL.

In recognition of his services to English philology and literature. 150/.”

Born February 4th, 1825 (Who's Who,' 1901).

1884, May 1st (W. E. Gladstone). MR. JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY MURRAY, LL.D. "In consideration, and for the promotion, of his valuable services to philology, especially in connexion with his work as editor of the New English Dictionary.' 2501."

Born 1837 ('Who's Who,' 1901).

1885, August 24th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. ROSINA JANE EASTWICK.

"In recognition of the valuable services rendered by her husband, the late Mr. E. B. Eastwick, C.B., M.P., F.R.S., in connexion with Oriental literature. 1007."

Edward Backhouse Eastwick, 1814-83 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xvi. pp. 334-5).

1887, January 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). MR. CHARLES KENT.

tune God bless the Prince of Wales' ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxviii. pp. 182-3).

1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS LAURA LIEBE BARNES.

father, the Rev. W. Barnes, as an author and linguist, and on account of her destitute condition. 501."

"In consideration of the merits of her late

Rev. W. Barnes, 1820-86; author of 'Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect.'

1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. ANNABELLA BAYNES.

"In consideration of the eminence of her late husband, Prof. T. S. Baynes, as an author and scholar, and of her destitute condition. 751."

1007."

Born November 3rd, 1823. Edited the Sun, 1845-70; Weekly Register, 1874-81; presented to the British Museum the last letter of Charles Dickens and the first of Edward, Lord Lytton ('Who's Who,' 1901).

1887, September 27th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. JESSIE JEFFERIES.

"In consideration of the literary attainments of her late husband, Mr. Richard Jefferies, and of her destitute condition. 1007."

Richard Jefferies, 1848-87, author of 'The Gamekeeper at Home,' 'The Life of the Fields,' and 'The Dewy Morn' ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxix. pp. 265-6).

1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS CONSTANCE FREDERICA GORDON CUMMING. "In consideration of her merits as an author, and of her destitute condition. 50l." See English Catalogue,' Sampson Low, Marston & Co.

1888, January 4th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. CEIRIOG HUGHES.

"In recognition of the merits of her late husband, Mr. J. C. Hughes, as a Welsh poet, and in consideration of her destitute condition. 50l."

John Ceiriog Hughes, 1832-87; born September 25th, 1832. Between twenty-five and thirty thousand copies of his first volume of poetry, Oriau'r Hwyr' ('Evening Hours'), were sold. He also wrote fifty songs for Brinley Richards's 'Songs of Wales' (London, 1873). He was the author of the original song for which Brinley Richards wrote the

In consideration of the literary merits of her father, the late James Hogg (known as the Ettrick Shepherd), and of her inadequate means of support. 401."

Author of "Memorials of James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, with preface by Prof. Veitch" (Alexander Gardner, 1885).

1892, June 20th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. ELEANOR FREEMAN.

"In consideration of the eminence of her late husband, Prof. Edward Augustus Freeman, as an historian. 1007."

Athenæum obituary notice, March 19th,

1892.

1892, August 15th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. CASHEL HOEY.

"In consideration of her literary merits, and of her inadequate means of support. 50l." Born 1830 (Johnston). For works see 'English Catalogue,' Sampson Low, Marston & Co. 1893, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). MR. JOHN GWENOGFRYN EVANS.

"To enable him to continue his researches in Welsh literature. 2007."

1893, June 19th (W. E. Gladstone). MRS. FRANCES E. TROLLOPE.

"In consideration of the literary merits of her husband, the late Mr. Thomas Adolphus Trollope, and of her narrow means.'

"

Thomas Adolphus Trollope, eldest son of Frances Milton Trollope, author of "The Widow Barnaby' (1838). Her works reached 115 volumes, although she published nothing until she was fifty-two. Her son Thomas Adolphus was born 1810; between 1840 and 1890 he published some sixty volumes; he popularized gossip about Italy; died 1892 ('D.N.B.,' vol. lvii.).

1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). MR. T. H. S. ESCOTT.

"In consideration of his merits as an author and journalist. 1007."

Succeeded John Morley as editor of the Fortnightly Review; leader-writer for the Standard since 1866. For list of publications see Who's Who,' 1901.

1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). MISS MATILDA BETHAM EDWARDS.

"In consideration of her literary merits. 50%."

Poet, novelist, and writer on French rural life ("Who's Who,' 1901).

1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). MRS. KATHARINE S. MACQUOID.

"In consideration of her contributions to literature. 50%."

For list of works see 'Who's Who,' 1901. 1894, June 19th (Earl of Rosebery). MISS ROSALIND HAWKER and MISS JULIOT HAWKER.

"In consideration of the literary merits of their late father, the Rev. Stephen Hawker.

educated at King's School, Canterbury; first wrote for the Westminster Review, January, 1857; obituary notice in the Athenæum, August 4th, 1894.

1895, January 26th (Earl of Rosebery). MRS. MARIE EUGÉNIE HAMERTON.

"In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband, Mr. P. G. Hamerton. 100l." Philip Gilbert Hamerton; born September 10th, 1834; died November 6th, 1894. See Chambers's Biographical Dictionary.'

1895, February 26th (Earl of Rosebery).

MR. WILLIAM WATSON.

"In consideration of the merit of his poetical works. 100l."

Born August 2nd, 1858; first verses appeared in the Liverpool Argus, 1875; collected poems published 1898 (Who's Who,' 1901). 1895, May 16th (Earl of Rosebery). MRS. EDITH L. PEARSON.

"In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband, Mr. Charles Henry Pearson. 1007."

Charles Henry Pearson (1830-94), Colonial Minister and historian. He prophesied the Yellow Peril (‘D.N.B.,' vol. xliv.).

1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. ELIZABETH DICKENS.

"In consideration of the literary eminence of the late Mr. Charles Dickens, and of the straitened circumstances in which she has been left by the death of her husband, Mr. Charles Dickens, Jun. 100."

'D.N.B.,' vol. xv.

1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. ROSE TROLLOPE.

"In consideration of the distinguished literary merits of her husband, the late Mr. Anthony Trollope, and of her straitened circumstances. 100l."

Anthony Trollope, 1815-82 ('D.N.B.,' vol. lvii.;Autobiography,' 2 vols., published 1883; and 'What I Remember,' by T. A. Trollope, 1887).

1897, December 15th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS JANET MARY OLIPHANT.

"In consideration of the literary eminence of the late Mrs. Oliphant. 757."

Margaret Oliphant (née Wilson); born 1828; died at Wimbledon, June 25th, 1897. Athenæum, July 3rd, 1897, and 'Chambers's Biographical Dictionary.'

1898, April 29th (Marquis of Salisbury). MR. WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY.

"In recognition of his literary merits, and of his inadequate means of support. 2251." Born August 23rd, 1849; editor of the

National Observer, 1888-93, the New Review, 1893-98 ('Chambers's Dictionary' and 'Who's Who,' 1901).

1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). THE REV. CANON DANIEL SILVAN EVANS. "In recognition of his labours on the "Welsh Dictionary,' and of his services to Welsh literature generally. 100l."

1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS ELIZA PATON HILL BURTON.

"In consideration of the services rendered to literature by her late father, Dr. John Hill Burton, especially in connexion with the history of Scotland. 651."

John Hill Burton, 1809-1881. "His beginnings were humble, and most that he wrote

cannot now be identified." For a time was

editor of the Scotsman, and committed that journal to the support of free trade ('D.N.B.,' vol. viii. pp. 10–12).

1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. MARIA MARGARET KINGSFORD.

"In consideration of the literary services of her late husband, Dr. William Kingsford,

the Canadian historian. 100%."

1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. MARIAN CHARLOTTE MALLESON.

"In recognition of the eminence of her late husband, Col. George Bruce Malleson, as an Indian and military historian. 100l.”

Col. George Bruce Malleson; born May 8th, 1825; edited Calcutta Review, 1864-9 (Chambers's Dictionary').

1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). MR. JOHN PAYNE.

"In recognition of his literary work, especially in connexion with Oriental literature. 100%."

1899, August 18th (Marquis of Salisbury). MR. ALFRED AUSTIN.

1901, February 13th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. EMILY TRAILL.

"In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband, Mr. Henry Duff Traill. 757.” Henry Duff Traill, 1842-1900. For the two and a half years previous to his death was editor of Literature (Athenæum, February 24th, 1900).

SCIENCE.

1854, January 3rd (Earl of Aberdeen). MISS MARGARET CHRISTINA MACGILLIVRAY. In consideration of her late father's con"Daughter of the late Dr. Macgillivray. tributions to the service of natural history, and the destitute condition in which she was placed at his decease. 801."

lished note was on the occurrence of a walrus William Macgillivray's (1796-1852) first pubon the shore of Lewis in December, 1817 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxxiv.).

1858, February 15th (Lord Palmerston). MISS FANNY CRESSWELL PARIS.

ments of her father, the late Dr. Paris, the "In consideration of the scientific acquirebenefits he conferred by his addition to the knowledge of geology, and of her present scanty means. 150l.'

MISS JANET Archer.
1858, October 4th (Earl of Derby).

"In consideration of the valuable contribution of her late father to the science of photography. 501."

Frederick Scott Archer, 1813-57; inventor of the collodion process; first account published in the Chemist, March, 1851 (‘D.N.B.,' vol. ii.).

1860, January 16th (Lord Palmerston). MISS CLARINDA LARDNER (sister of Dr. Dionysius Lardner).

"In consideration of her late brother's labours in the cause of science, and of her 1251."

Dionysius Lardner, 1793-1859 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxxii.).

1861, April 19th (Lord Palmerston). MRS. ELIZABETH ANNE HENFREY.

"On account of her husband the late Prof. Henfrey's contributions to anatomical and physiological botany. 50%."

"

Arthur Henfrey, 1819-59 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxv.).

1862, June 19th (Lord Palmerston). MISS MARIE JOSEPHINE BALY (now FAUVEL). "In consideration of the late Dr. Baly's long career in the public service, and of the