make them as a prelude to the understanding was published by subscription (and only a of a quotation which has a bearing on the meaning of it, and which you may allow me to make from a sermon preached in St. Giles's Church, Edinburgh, in April, 1638, by the Rev. James Row, of Monzievaird, grandson of John Row, the coadjutor of John Knox. I take it from Memorials of the Family of Row,' Edinburgh, 1828, a volume limited to forty copies. The parallel is between Balaam and his ass, which he drove till it spake back, and the bishops and the Church, which they drove till it rebelled :

signification. The phrase "Ah'll skin tha
wick," heard through the open window of a
seaside_lodging-house, puzzled me in those
days. It was when I came to associate
"wick" with "quick" that I understood
what a terrible infliction would be raised by
his mother's words for the contemplation of
some errant bairn, who, as a dweller in a
fishing village, would not be unaccustomed
to see the utterer of the threat flay living
eels.
F. JARRATT.

"HEDGE," IN BACON'S ESSAY ON GARDENS' (9th S. vii. 489).-If J. F. R. will refer to Crispin de Pas's 'Hortus Floridus,' I think he will see the meaning of an "arched hedge" with a hedge above. H. N. ELLACOMBE.

Dictionary of Dates' (p. 824) are inaccurate, it may be well to supplement them.

Thellusson left property in land worth 600,000l., to be held in trust during the lives of all his male descendants living at the time of his death or en ventre sa mère. The income of the property was to be continually invested in land. On the death of the last of the said male descendants the whole property was to be given in three equal portions to the eldest male descendant of each of his three sons, with cross-remainders to the three branches.

Alarm was felt at the possible danger to the nation from so vast a landed estate being held by one family. Computations of the ultimate value varied from about eighteen to thirty-five millions (see Hargrave, Juridical CROMWELLIANA (9th S. vii. 481).-William Arguments,' ii., App.; this volume contains Hetley, of Broughton, co. Hunts, married the arguments in the suit of 1798-9). AppaCarina Cromwell, daughter of Henry Crom-rently, when divided, it had not increased at well, and granddaughter of Sir Oliver Crom- all, and Chambers states as the causes legal well, of Hinchinbrook. expenses and accidents of management. No CONSTANCE RUSSELL. doubt the latter were the chief.

66

Thellusson's family may be put in tabular form thus, omitting females (see Clark's H. L. Cases,' vii.) :

A

a, b, c, d, e [ƒ, g]|

R. A. T.

B
❘ no ❘

sons.

C

| x [y,z (T. T.)] | C. T.

THE MANOR OF TYBURN (9th S. vii. 381, 402, 489). I have read with much interest the paper by MR. RUTTON, in which he not only elucidates a neglected passage in Stow, but vindicates the accuracy of the old chronicler in a very convincing manner. I have always contended that whatever may be thought of Stow's etymologies, his topography may d and e were twins en ventre at the time of generally be depended on. With reference his death; f, g, y, z were born later. Thus to ST. SWITHIN's remarks, I think that your there were nine lives to expire before the valued correspondent has perhaps hardly division. A was first Baron Rendlesham; grasped my point when I declared that I a, d, e were second, third, and fourth; and R. could not accept the argument that the (b. 1840) was fifth; ƒ died unmarried 1818; name 'Tyburn' was a movable one, which g's son A. T. was born 1826; x died 1856, last was bestowed on whatever site the gallows of the nine; his son C. T. was born 1822 occupied." I did not refer to provincial y died unmarried 1800; z was born 1801, and "imitations," but to the London Tyburn, which, in the opinion of some antiquaries, was gradually shifted from the borders of St. Giles's to those of Paddington. It is of course a common thing for London names to be reproduced in the provinces. Bridewells abound in all parts of the country, and in the town near which I am writing at the present moment the sheep and cattle market has been known as Smithfield for several centuries. It is therefore quite in accordance with practice that the place of execution at York should have received the name of Tyburn. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

PETER THELLUSSON (8th S. xii. 183, 253, 489; 9th S. i. 17, 97).-As the above references do not bring out clearly all the important facts of this famous will case, and as both Chambers's Book of Days' (ii. 96, 97) and 'Haydn's

was alive at the death of x.

Thus the property had to be divided into two parts, and for each half there were two claimants. Did "eldest male descendant" mean the heir by direct male descent, or the oldest in age? The two cases were argued as one, A. T. v. R. and T. T. v. C. T., and the decision was given in 1859 in favour of the lineal heir by male descent.

There are thus several inaccuracies in Chambers and Haydn. Both put the death of the last grandson for the death of the last of the nine, and Chambers, while ignoring the existence of two suits, names the successful party in the second suit only, C. S. A. T.; also in quoting the statute of 1800 (39 & 40 George III., 98) it gives the period of twenty years instead of twenty-one.

MR. HIPWELL also, at the first reference, ignores the existence of two suits and two

University, Melbourne.

"CAPT. ROCK" (9th S. vii. 227, 353). If your contributor is interested in "Capt. Rock," he will find 'Letters to His Majesty King George IV.,' by "Capt. Rock" (B. Steill, London, 1828), worth perusal. The book can be obtained for a small sum from the secondhand shops. ALBERT GOUGH.

heirs. Strange to say, even Clark's report time known as the "Mouth" only, though is inaccurate, as on p. 429 he has "grandson "Mr. Hotten does not mention this in contwice for " son," and consequential errors nexion with the "Bull and Mouth"; while, afterwards. (For the report of the appeal again, in Wood's 'Athene Oxonienses' the case of 1805 see Vesey, jun., Cases in house is spoken of as the "Mouth," near Chancery,' xi.) E. H. BROMBY. Aldersgate Street, and a meeting - place though perhaps the "Silent Woman" would have been a more appropriate rendezvousof the Quakers. There was another "Mouth" in Bishopsgate Street Without, and in both cases their proximity to two of the most important of the City gates suggests the question whether the sign was not exhibited by way of indicating to travellers the most important hostelry near the gate or mouth of the City. Or, considering how customary it "BULL AND LAST" (9th S. vii. 128, 254, 331, has always been for the servants of the great 411). In the case of the "Bull and Gate" in to set up, on retirement from service, in the Holborn there is, according to Peter Cun-hotel or tavern kind of business, the sign ningham's 'London' (s.v. 'Bull and Gate'), might have been adopted to indicate eating a reference by the presumably accurate as well as drinking entertainment by a retired George Steevens in his edition of Shake-Yeoman of the Mouth. Mrs. Centlivre's husspeare, which, considered in connexion with the fact that the "Gate" is often met with as an old English sign, is somewhat puzzling.

Glandore Gardens, Antrim Road, Belfast.

He says:

"The Bull and Gate......was originally (as I learn from the title-page of an old play) the Bullogne Gate, i.e., one of the Gates of Bullogne, designed, perhaps, as a compliment to Henry VIII., who took that place in 1544."

band, for instance, was Yeoman of the Mouth to Queen Anne. Again, it would have been public assembly, such as many taverns were a peculiarly appropriate sign for a place of than one in a hundred could read-when in the early newspaper days, when not more viva voce news and gossip were eagerly sought from fresh arrivals from the country, or contrariwise by country folk from citizens.

some particular statesman belonging to it who is the mouth of the street where he lives." There is said to be a sign of the

66

Merry Mouth" at Fifield, Chipping Norton, in Oxfordshire. I put forward the above suggestions in hope that they are not too fantastic to lead to something more definite. There is, of course, conjecture and conjecture; but as experiment is the golden key of knowledge, so conjecture, I take it, is often the handmaid of fact.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

Both Dr. Brewer (Dict. of Phrase") and Mr." Every coffee-house, says Addison, "has Hotten ('Hist. of Signboards') seem to have rested their statements on this evidence, and if Steevens can be shown to be correct in his surmise, we may rest content with this explanation; but the "Gate," both alone and in combination with other signs, was not uncommon, and doubtless arose when "iron gates came to be used more generally, the novelty of such an architectural appendage being remarkable enough by itself to form a landmark. There is still a 'George and Gate" in Gracechurch Street; a "Red Gate" is mentioned in the 'Vade Mecum for Maltworms'; and there were formerly signs of the "Iron Gate," the "Golden Field Gate," and a curious one of the "Pesfield Gate." As a landmark for direction in old advertisements it is of frequent occurrence. For instance, horses are advertised for in 1725 to be taken in to grass in Chelsea Park at 2s. 6d. per week till Candlemas, and inquiries were to be made of Anthony Clarke, at the "Great Gates" in Chelsea Park, near Little Chelsea. With regard to the "Bull and Mouth," according to the History of Signboards,' the tavern known latterly by that sign, and still later as the "Queen's Hotel," in St. Martin's-le-Grand, was in Taylor the Water-Poet's

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Edited by Dr. J. A. H. Murray.-Vol. V. JewKairine. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) THE present part of the great dictionary brings volume, the appearance of which may be expected within measurable reach the completion of the fifth during the present year. Contrasting as it does with the slowness of progress at first observed, the rate of speed and the punctuality of appearance now maintained is of happiest promise, and the possession of the entire work is no longer, for most interesting page in a deeply interesting number is of us, beyond the range of possibility. The most that dealing with the letter K, concerning which

much information equally curious and valuable is
supplied. Special attention is rewarded by what
is said concerning the manner in which after the
Norman Conquest k, till then a supplemental
symbol, occasionally used instead of c for the
guttural sound, was substituted for c before e, i,
and y, and later before n words, such as knight,
knave, &c. It is curious to note that while the
unstressed suffix ick in words such as traffick,
musick, is now changed to ic, when a suffix
in e or follows, as in trafficker, the deleted k
reappears. It is obviously impossible to condense
into a space capable of being given in our columns
information that has already been compressed as
closely as was reconcilable with the preservation of
lucidity. It is with the j words, however, that the
part is principally concerned. Very many of these
belong, as is pointed out, to the colloquial rather
than to the literary stratum of the language. Such
words are jig, job, jog, jolt, jiffy, jigger, jumble, and
the like, many of which are onomatopoeic. Jewel,
in its various senses, is the first word treated
wholly in the part. Many quotations from Shake-
speare are given. We should like to have seen the
lines of Helena in 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'
(IV. i.),

And I haue found Demetrius, like a iewell,
Mine owne, and not mine owne,

since some dispute has been raised as to its exact
meaning. The matter has, however, more concern
for commentators than for philologists. Whence
Jew's harps, first called Jew's trumps, got their
name is doubtful. Reference is, however, made to
the article in N. & Q.' by the REV. C. B. MOUNT,
8th S. xii. 322. Jib as a verb when applied to a
horse is said to be of recent date and uncertain
derivation. Jig, a dance, is much earlier, but
not less uncertain in origin. Jig supplies us with
some of the senses of jigger, others of which are
obscure. It is, of course, natural that in words of
this stamp, known principally in popular speech,
no certain derivation should be obtainable. Jim-
iam, among the slang meanings of which in
the plural is delirium tremens, is described as
"a reduplicated term of which the elements are
unexplained; perhaps only whimsical." Jimp=
slender reached our literature from Scotland in
the last century. Of jingle it is said that there
does not seem to be any original association with
iangle. The connexion seems nearer with tinkle.
Jobation a lecture is earlier than we should have
supposed, an instance of use in 1689 being furnished.
A very interesting account appears of jockey. It is
naturally a diminutive, kindred to Jacky. Jucund,
from jucundus, is the etymological form of jocund,
which is said now to be exclusively a literary word.
A Celtic origin for jog to shake up has been put
forward, but is said to be not tenable, the origin
remaining unascertained. The modern use of Johnny
is mentioned as "chiefly denoting a fashionable
young man of idle habits." This description seems
due to the Daily News, which among the morning
papers enjoys a practical supremacy or mono-
poly of quotation, to some extent shared by the
Westminster Gazette among evening papers. We
should not personally assume idleness as being
indispensably involved in a term which we have
heard applied to an assemblage including one of
the editors of one of the periodicals in question
as well as other hardworking men. No instance of
joke is given earlier than 1670. Under jolly we find

Coverdale in 1549 using what seems a quite modern form of expression, "I thought my selfe a iolye fortunate man.' Jolly-boat is of uncertain origin. Extracts illustrative of journalese are given from the Athenæum and the Pall Mall Gazette. Journalist in the form jurnalist is found in 1693; journalism does not appear before 1833. Carlyle is responsible for journalistic. The origin of juggins a simpleton cannot be settled. It is first traced in Disraeli in 1845. Of junket the history is said to be "somewhat obscure in respect both of form and sense." Under this word we do not trace Milton's

How faery Mab the junkets eat.
Another word the origin of which is said to be
unknown is jury-mast. Just, in its many senses
and with its numerous derivatives, occupies many
interesting columns. Kaffir is the word of most
interest under K we have so far reached.

S. Gilbert of Sempringham and the Gilbertines. A
History of the only English Monastic Order. By
Rose Graham. (Stock.)

ST. GILBERT of Sempringham was born about
twenty-three years after the Norman Conquest,
and is said to have lived to attain his hundredth
year. Sempringham is a Lincolnshire village near
Bourne. It is now a fertile place, but it must have
been a lonely and depressing spot when he knew
it, as it was on the edge of that great stretch of
fenland which extended to the Wash. St. Gilbert
came of the race of the invaders, and the time
had not arrived when the conquerors and the
conquered blended into one people. His father
Jocelin was a Norman knight, holding his lands
under Gilbert de Gant, of Falkingham, a mighty
potentate in Lincolnshire, whose father Baldwin
of Flanders was brother of Matilda, wife of King
William. It is possible, though we know no evi-
dence whatever for our surmise, that this Gilbert
may have been the godfather of the future saint, and
that the latter was, according to a custom prevalent
in those days, named after him. Gilbert's father
married a lady of Saxon lineage, and this may have
been a reason why their son, apart from his own
virtues, became popular with the servile classes,
with whom in after days he was in such intimate
relation. He grew up a pious and innocent lad,
but won the contempt of the retainers from a
physical defect from which he suffered. He could
not engage in knightly exercises on account of his
infirmity; his father therefore determined to give
him a clerkly education; but this also seemed out
of the poor boy's reach, for he was considered to be
dull of intellect. For this offence, as it was regarded

it was, we may assume, a sign of slow development rather than of idleness he fell into disgrace with his parents. This the tender-hearted lad felt so hard to bear that he fled to France. Perhaps he may there have met with kinder treatment than at home, or it may be that change of environment awoke his slumbering faculties, for he seems to have at once turned his attention to scholarship. When he returned home he was found to be a well-educated and refined young man, according to the standards of that rough time. His mind had widened, and he had become bent upon doing good to those around him, though at first it does not appear that he had any fixed idea as to the direction which his energies should take. He began by what we may in a loose manner call keeping a school; that is, instructing the young of both sexes. We have reason to believe he did this