pointment of dairηral must have taken place every year; and the passage of Isæus (Reiske, p. 361.) dúo črn toû diaitytoû thí díairav ěxovros, does not mean that the same diaтnths was for two years in office, but that the action was lis pendens for two successive years. Our author suggests Tŵv dialτητῶν . . . ἐχόντων, since ἐπὶ τῶν διαιτητῶν is read shortly before the passage above quoted. The daiтntal, on entering office, took an oath like the diarraí; they sat in the Heliaia or Delphinion, in temples, halls, or other places near the ayopà; and 8 diкv was obliged to pay them a drachm as παράστασις, and they were liable to an εἰσαγγελία from the party which conceived itself wronged by their decision. There were also circuit-judges in Attica (dikaotal katà dýμovs) for the convenience of the country-people; but every civil action of greater value than ten drachms was to be brought before the dialTrai. It is shown against Petilus, that also ¿évoi and μérOLKOL could go to law before them. In actions between citizens of Attica, the διαιτητής was always of the φυλή of the defendant. An action could only be commenced by means of eloaywyeîs, a sort of attorneys, and those were to be chosen according to the nature of the case. From Demosth. e. Mid. 543, 17. it is proved that the diarrhs could give damages, or an action before him was ywv Tiuntos. According to Pollux, viri. 62, 63. an appeal (épeσis) from them to the dikaσral could take place. The diairntal aipetol were arbitrators, diaλλakтaí. Unless a special stipulation had been made beforehand, no appeal could take place from the verdict (yvwσis) of arbitrators, cf. Demosth. c. Mid. 545. In this point, as in many others, the Attic law agreed with the Roman law, Euripidis Tragedia et Fragmenta. Recensuit, interpretationem Latinam correxit, Scholia Græca e Codicibus Manuscriptis partim supplevit, partim emendavit, AUGUSTUS MATTHIE. Tom. IX. Lipsiæ, 1829. The editor has taken particular care to arrange the fragments of Euripides in that order, which the oikovoμía of each tragedy seemed to require. For this purpose he attentively examined the passages of ancient writers where those fragments are found, and the contents of the fragments themselves; and with great ingenuity and judgment he has so happily disposed of his materials, as to enable generally the reader of a small number of fragments to form an adequate conception of the whole tragedy. By giving at length the passages which contain those fragments, he has considerably enhanced the value of this collection; since every reader has it in his power to judge himself of the reasons which have guided the editor in the arrangement of the fragments. The Fragmenta incertarum Tragoediarum have been left in the order in which they were placed by Musgrave. Such verses as have been attributed to Euripides by Valckenaer, Wyttenbach, Meineke, &c. are put at the end under the head of Fragmenta dubia. We give credit to the editor for stating that he has indulged little in conjectural emendations: " ingenii vitio, quod ad locos scriptorum conjectura sanandos parum idoneum est et ad dubitandum propensius." We are sorry we cannot enter more into details: we must content ourselves with pointing out to our readers the fragments of Phaëthon, p. 256. They include the verses which were found on a palimpsest Cod. in the Royal Library at Paris. This Codex (Claremontanus) contains the epistles of St. Paul, and has been examined by Wetstein, Griesbach, Michaelis, and Hug. Already Wetstein had published some verses from it; but Hase of the Dresden Museum was the first to take an accurate copy, and after him Bekker; and Hermann has since published in a dissertation the corrected text of these fragments. Our editor, however, has also been able to avail himself of private communications from Hermann; and thus his edition is the first which contains all the fragments of Phaethon with a lithographic fac-simile of the Codex. The first instance of the time, before Alexander the Great, where Apollo is addressed as the Sun, is given in the following verses from this palimpsest Codex, v. 12, 13, 14. Bekker: ὦ καλλιφεγγὲς ἥλιε, ὥς μ ̓ ἀπώλεσας καὶ τόνδε· ̓Απόλλων δ ̓ ἐν βροτοῖς ὀρθὸς καλῆ ὅστις τὰ σιγῶντ ̓ ὀνόματ ̓ οἶδε δαιμόνων. These remarkable verses have reminded us also of Esch. Agamemnon, 1089. ̓́Απολλον, Αγυιεῦ τ' Απόλλων ἐμὸς, where the same etymology of the word Apollon is attempted. We beg to add yet, that there is no reason to consider as spurious those verses of Euripides given in Clem. Alex. Protrect, p. 45. Β. Θεὸν δὲ ποῖον εἴπέ μοι νοητέον ; | τὸν πάνθ' ὁρῶντα κ' auтdv oùx ópúμevov for a similar idea is expressed in Troad. v. 885. Οστις πότ ̓ εἶ σὺ δυστόπαστος εἰδέναι Ζεὺς, &c. We need not therefore assume, as Meineke ad Menandr. Frag. has done, that those verses have been written by a Christian poet. Corpus Scriptorum Historia Byzantina. Editio emendatior et copiosior, consilio B. G. NIEBUHRII, C. F. instituta, &c. Pars XI. Leo Diaconus; varii Libelli qui Nicephori Phocæ et Joannis Tzimiscis historiam illustrant. Bonnæ, 1828. The work of Leo Diaconus is not contained in the Paris edition of the Byzantine, nor in the reprint of Venice, but was published for the first time in 1818, by Hase, from a Codex in the Royal Library at Paris, at the expense of the Russian Count Romanzoff. The greater number of the copies, on being shipped to Russia, were lost by shipwreck; and thus Niebuhr's edition of the Byzantine will be very acceptable to those who study the history of the Byzantine empire. The contents of the present volume are two prefaces, one by Niebuhr, the other by Hase: then follows Leonis Diaconi Historia, 1-179, with accurate chronological dates on the margin, the years being given from the origin of the world according to the Greeks, the Christian era, the indictions, and the years of the emperors. Liber de Velitatione Bellica Nicephori Phocæ Aug. pp. 179-259. Theodosii Acroases de expugnatione Creta, 259-307. Nicephori Phoca Novellæ, 307-324. Philopatris Dialogus, 324-343. Luitprandi Legatio ad Nicephorum Phocam, the text from Murat. Script. Rer. Ital. 343-374. Excerpta ex Historiis Arabum de expeditionibus Syriacis Nicephori Phocæ et Joannis Tzimiscis, 374-395. C. B. Hasii Notæ in Leon. Diac. Historiam, et Librum de Velitatione Bellica, 395-527. N. M. Foggini Adnotationes in Theodosii Acroases, 527-563. Vocabula Theodosio propria, a Fr. Jacobsio collecta, 563. and Index rerum, nominum, et verborum. The notes of Hase are most valuable, it being generally understood that nobody in Europe is better acquainted with Byzantine history than himself. Corpus Scriptorum Historia Byzantina, &c. Pars XIX. Nicephorus Gregoras. Bonnæ, 1829. Vol. I. The editor, L. Schopen, has added the notes of Hier. Wolf, Car. Ducange, J. Boivin, and Cl. Capperonner. The editio princeps of this work was published 1562, at Basil, by Hier. Wolf, but incomplete; since only 11 books out of 38 were printed. In 1702, Boivin published 13 books more from a Parisian Codex, and promised to publish the remaining 14 books afterwards. But the latter part of the work of Nic. Gregoras is inedited to this day; and Niebuhr, in his edition of the Byzantines, will be the first to give us the work entire. The Codd. are extant in the Vatican Library and the Royal Library at Paris. Gregoras lived in the beginning of the 14th century; and his work is of great importance for the history of the Byzantine empire, from Theodor. Lascaris down to Andronicus Palæologus, whose contemporary he was. His veracity is, however, impugned by Cantacuzenus. Cf. Ger. J. Voss. de Histor. Græc. lib. 11. cap. 29. C. Sallustii Crispi Opera quæ supersunt. Ad fidem Codicum Manuscriptorum recensuit, cum selectis Cortii Notis, suisque Commentariis edidit, et indicem accuratum adjecit FRIDEr. KRITZIUS. Vol. 1. Catilinarium Bellum continens. Lipsiæ, 1828. Within a short time there have appeared several editions of Sallust, who had been neglected for a long time. Frotscher reprinted only the edition of Cortius; but Herzog, and Gerlach, (Professor at Basil) especially the latter, have revised the text with the utmost critical accuracy. Their editions, although valuable to the scholar, cannot however be used in schools; whilst the present has more this object in view. Retaining the antiquated style of Sallust, the editor writes relicuum for reliquum, divorsus for diversus, adulescentia for adolescentia, &c. Rapport par M. JOMARD, to the Society of Geography at Paris, in the name of the special commission, charged to give an account of the journey of M. Auguste Caillé to Timbuctoo and the interior of Africa. Paris, 1828. 15 pages, in 8vo. M. Caillé has penetrated from Senegambia to Timbuctoo; and from the latter, across the Sahara to Tafilett and Tangier : he has made many new and valuable observations on the East country, and on the upper part of the course of the Joliba: he navigated on this river during a month, and has collected information on the mines of Bourré. His description of the regions of Baleya, of Kankan, and of Wassoulo, are a considerable acquisition to geography: he has also collected a vocabulary of the Mandingo language, and another of the Kissour language, which is, as well as the Arabic, spoken at Timbuctoo. His observa. tions on the costumes, ceremonies, productions, and commerce of these various countries are interesting. The special commission has decreed to him the prize offered by the Society of Geography of Paris to the first European who should reach Timbuctoo from Senegambia. Was soll man lernen? oder Zweck des Unterrichts. What should we learn, or what is the object of instruction? By JOSEPH WEITZEL. Leipsic, 1828. 12mo. 94 pages. To the question expressed in the title, our author replies, we should learn what is necessary and useful for us to know, neither more nor less; we should therefore begin instruction by investigating what surrounds us, present objects, the country, its institutions, the national lan guage, &c. M. Weitzel objects to the system pursued in the schools of Europe: too much time, he thinks, is taken up with Greek and Latin, and too little is devoted to things more essential to be known: he thinks too little is done to enlighten the people; he requires perfect liberty in the art of instruction, being persuaded that it is only by an education well understood and adapted to the wants of the times that we can at this day attain the object of human society, that is to say, happiness. The cultivation of the mind, says he, has become necessary to us: nature has emancipated us; we cannot return to our old paths: we are on the high sea, and shall perhaps find ourselves nearer to the port which is to receive us, than to that whence we started. The author makes some judicious remarks on the advantages of publicity and the constitutional regimen. Demosthenis Orationes Philippicæ, &c. Five Discourses of Demosthenes against Philip, with the arguments of Libanius. By F. C. WEMEL, Rector and Professor at the College of Francfort, 1829. Paris. In small 8vo. The editor has collected in this vol. the three orations known by the name of Olynthiacs. The first Philippic and the discourse on Peace are preceded by an historical summary. He has added philological and archæological notes on the difficulty of the texts; and finally, tables of contents: the editor has, added to the Orations, analyses, which may serve as a model to young men. These exercises, which, however, are neglected in the French colleges, are, nevertheless, such as may be made most useful to the pupils of the higher classes, and it is desirable that the use of them be more generally known. La Sainte Bible de Vance, in Latin and French; with literary, critical, and historical notes, prefaces, and dedications, extracted from the Commentaries of Dom Calmet, Abbé of Senones; of the Abbé de Vance, and other celebrated authors: embellished with figures and geographical maps. 5th edition. By M. DRACH, a converted Rabbi, dedicated to the King of France. 5th delivery, consisting of vols. 9 and 10. Paris, 1829. 2 vols. in 8vo. The 9th vol. contains the Book of Job, one of the finest monuments of philosophy and of poetry that has ever been transmitted to us from antiquity. General opinion makes this writer contemporary with Moses, who, if not the author, is at least the translator of Job from the Arabic into Hebrew. It is now time that Science should reap the rich harvest which has been prepared for her. India, Thibet, China, and all the East, unveil their ancient traditions, which, by their wonderful conformity to those of the Christians, furnish new supports to that faith, the universality and perpetuity of which (those two great characteristics of every thing that is divine) become every day more manifest: the fortunate researches on the Egyptian hieroglyphics, by enabling us to fix the precise date of the Zodiacs of Esné and of Dendera, effaced for ever the objections which were adduced against the chronology of Moses. At length we begin to hope to be able to penetrate some of the secrets of Egyptian theology which have hitherto remained in impenetrable darkness, and to be able to compare the records of the Jewish writers with the history of the Pharaohs, written on the banks of the Nile. The comparative study of languages (that of the origin of peoples) serves to confirm on all sides the primitive facts related in the sacred books. The physical sciences even, by their progress, and in particular geology and physiology, never cease to put new arms into the hands of the defenders of religion, to combat the anti-mosaic hypothesis, and materialism. LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. LATELY PUBLISHED.. Mr. Valpy has, at the desire of several schoolmasters, just printed the Greek Septuagint in a handsome octavo volume, for the use of students at college and upper classes in schools, to read in chapels and church. Price 218. The text is taken from Holmes and Bos. The Apocrypha is added at the end, but may be taken out if objected to. This volume is so printed as to bind up uniformly with Mr. Valpy's Greek Testament, which is published in three vols. with English Notes. SCHOOL AND COLLEGE GREEK CLASSICS, with English Notes, Questions, &c.-At the express desire of many eminent schoolmasters, Mr. VALPY has commenced the publication of a SERIES of such of the GREEK AUTHORS as are chiefly read in the upper Classes of Schools and in Colleges. The best Texts are adopted, and the CRITICAL and EXPLANATORY NOTES are presented, it is presumed, in a more inviting and accessible form than those of Latin Commentators, by avoiding that profuseness of annotation which frequently anticipates the ingenuity, supersedes the industry, and consequently retards rather than promotes the improvement, of the pupil. EXAMINATION QUESTIONS, adapted to the points discussed in the Notes, and INDEXES, are also added; and the Series, it is hoped, will constitute a convenient introduction to the niceties and elegancies of Greek Literature, and to the perusal of that portion of the relics of antiquity which is best calculated to interest a youthful mind. Each volume will be sold separately; and it is intended that all shall be published in a cheap duodecimo form. The following are already published : EURIPIDES.-Hecuba. By the Rev. J. R. MAJOR, Master of Wisbeach School, and of Trin. Coll. Camb. 5s. Medea. By the Same. 5s. Phænissa. By the Same. 5s. [In September.] SOPHOCLES.-Edipus Tyrannus. By the Rev. J. BRASSE, By the Same. 5s. [In THUCYDIDES, HERODOTUS, XENOPHON, DEMOSTHENES, &c. will speedily be published in succession. |