Whose violent property fordoes itself
And leads the will to desperate undertakings,
As oft as any passion under heaven

That does afflict our natures.

I am sorry,

What, have you given him any hard words of late?

Ophelia. No, my good lord, but, as you did command, I did repel his letters, and denied

His access to me.

Polonius.

That hath made him mad.

I am sorry that with better heed and judgment

I had not quoted him. I fear'd he did but trifle,
And meant to wrack thee; but beshrew my jealousy!
By heaven, it is as proper to our age

To cast beyond ourselves in our opinions

As it is common for the younger sort

To lack discretion. Come, go we to the king:

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This must be known; which, being kept close, might move More grief to hide than hate to utter love.

SCENE II. A Room in the Castle.

[Exeunt

Enter KING, QUEEN, ROSENCRANTZ, GUILDENSTERN, and Attendants.

King. Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern!

Moreover that we much did long to see you,

The need we have to use you did provoke
Our hasty sending. Something have you heard
Of Hamlet's transformation; so I call it,

Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man
Resembles that it was. What it should be,
More than his father's death, that thus hath put him
So much from the understanding of himself,

I cannot dream of. I entreat you both,

That, being of so young days brought up with him,
And sith so neighbour'd to his youth and humour,

៩.

That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court
Some little time; so by your companies
To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather,
So much as from occasion you may glean,
Whether aught to us unknown afflicts him thus,
That, open'd, lies within our remedy.

Queen. Good gentlemen, he hath much talk'd of you;
And sure I am two men there are not living

To whom he more adheres. If it will please you

To show us so much gentry and good will

As to expend your time with us awhile,
For the supply and profit of our hope,
Your visitation shall receive such thanks
As fits a king's remembrance.

Rosencrantz.

Both your majesties

Might, by the sovereign power you have of us,
Put your dread pleasures more into command
Than to entreaty.

And here give up ourselves, in the full bent

To lay our service freely at your feet,

To be commanded.

King. Thanks, Rosencrantz and gentle Guildenstern. Queen. Thanks, Guildenstern and gentle Rosencrantz; And I beseech you instantly to visit

My too much changed son.—Go, some of you,

And bring these gentlemen where Hamlet is.

Guildenstern. Heavens make our presence and our practices

Pleasant and helpful to him!

Queen.

Ay, amen!

[Exeunt Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and some Attendants.

Enter POLONIUS.

Polonius. The ambassadors from Norway, my good lord, Are joyfully return'd.

King. Thou still hast been the father of good news. Polonius. Have I, my lord? Assure you, my good liege,

I hold my duty, as I hold my soul,

Both to my God and to my gracious king;

And I do think, or else this brain of mine
Hunts not the trail of policy so sure

As it hath us'd to do, that I have found

The very cause of Hamlet's lunacy.

King. O, speak of that; that do I long to hear.

Polonius. Give first admittance to the ambassadors;

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My news shall be the fruit to that great feast.
King. Thyself do grace to them, and bring them in.--
[Exit Polonius.

He tells me, my sweet queen, that he hath found
The head and source of all your son's distemper.
Queen. I doubt it is no other but the main,—
His father's death, and our o'erhasty marriage.
King. Well, we shall sift him.—

Re-enter POLONIUS, with VOLTIMAND and CORNELIUS.

Welcome, my good friends!

Say, Voltimand, what from our brother Norway?

Voltimand. Most fair return of greetings and desires. 60

Upon our first, he sent out to suppress

His nephew's levies, which to him appear'd

To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack,
But, better look'd into, he truly found

It was against your highness: whereat griev'd,
That so his sickness, age, and impotence
Was falsely borne in hand, sends out arrests
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys,

Receives rebuke from Norway, and in fine
Makes vow before his uncle never more

To give the assay of arms against your majesty.
Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy,
Gives him three thousand crowns in annual fee,
And his commission to employ those soldiers,
So levied as before, against the Polack;
With an entreaty, herein further shown,
That it might please you to give quiet pass
Through your dominions for this enterprise,
On such regards of safety and allowance
As therein are set down.

King.

It likes us well;

And at our more consider'd time we 'll read,

Answer, and think upon this business.

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[Giving a paper.

Meantime we thank you for your well-took labour.

Go to your rest; at night we 'll feast together:

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Most welcome home! [Exeunt Voltimand and Cornelius. Polonius.

This business is well ended.—

My liege, and madam, to expostulate

What majesty should be, what duty is,

Why day is day, night night, and time is time,
Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time.
Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,

And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,
I will be brief. Your noble son is mad:
Mad call I it; for, to define true madness,
What is 't but to be nothing else but mad?
But let that go.
Queen.

More matter, with less art.
Polonius. Madam, I swear I use no art at all.
That he is mad, 't is true; 't is true 't is pity,
And pity 't is 't is true: a foolish figure;
But farewell it, for I will use no art.

Mad let us grant him, then; and now remains

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That we find out the cause of this effect,
Or rather say, the cause of this defect,
For this effect defective comes by cause:
Thus it remains, and the remainder thus.
Perpend.

I have a daughter-have while she is mine-
Who, in her duty and obedience, mark,

Hath given me this; now gather, and surmise.

[Reads] 'To the celestial and my soul's idol, the most beautified Ophelia,'

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That 's an ill phrase, a vile phrase; 'beautified' is a vile phrase but you shall hear. Thus:

[Reads] 'In her excellent white bosom, these, etc.'

Queen. Came this from Hamlet to her?

Polonius. Good madam, stay awhile; I will be faithful. [Reads] 'Doubt thou the stars are fire;

Doubt that the sun doth move;

Doubt truth to be a liar;

But never doubt I love.

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'O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers. I have not art to reckon my groans; but that I love thee best, O most best, believe it. Adieu.

'Thine evermore, most dear lady, whilst this
machine is to him, HAMLET.'

This in obedience hath my daughter shown me,
And more above, hath his solicitings,

As they fell out by time, by means, and place,
All given to mine ear.

King.

Receiv'd his love?

Polonius.

But how hath she

What do you think of me?

King. As of a man faithful and honourable.

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Polonius. I would fain prove so. But what might you

think,

When I had seen this hot love on the wing