have their Herzog, a Duke. Tog, Zog and Dux belong to each other. The German Herr, a Lord, or Master, may perhaps mean the Chief person of the Here, or Company of Men; and if such be the origin, the Latin Herus must be derived from the same source. The succeeding word to the Saxon Here, Exercitus, is Here, Fama, from Herian, or HERGan, Laudare. These words denoting Honour, &c. might be taken from the Honour-Reverence or Respect, which Soldiers, the HERE or HERGE, pay to their superiors; but as these words belong probably to the German Ehre, Honour, and Ehren, To Honour, we must refer them to a different idea. The German Etymologists derive Ehre from Ega, Terra, Aehren, Colere, or from Her, Altus, or whew, ωρειν, If Curare. Ehren belongs to Aehren, Colere, which is probably the fact, it is the same metaphor which Colo bears of Honouring and Respecting,' from the sense of Cultivating the Soil. Aehren is attached to Aro, Ear, the Saxon Erian, or ERIGan, Arare, which means likewise To HARROW up, or Stir up the Land.' This is a very probable conjecture; and if so, perhaps Herian and Hergan must be referred to the same idea. This point cannot be decided, unless by passages, which would unfold the peculiar turn of meaning annexed to these words, denoting Honour or Respect*. HARRIE * As the following terms belong to the Element ^R, and are not directly connected with the spirit of the discussion, they are inserted in a Note. In Saxon, Here-Berga means "Exercitus mansio, statio militaris, tentorium, castrum," says Lye; who adds, "Unde Chaucero, Herborow, Mansio, Diversorium: et recentior nostra Harbour." Under the English word Harbour, the Etymologists produce the parallel terms in other Languages, as the Belgic Herberghe, the German Herberg, the French Auberge, the Spanish Alvergue, and the Italian Albergo. The Etymologists derive these words from Her, (Germ.) Huc, or Here, Exercitus, and Bergen, Tegere. These terms, I think, all belong to each other, and they are derived from Here and Bergen. Harbinger the Etymologists have rightly supposed to be quasi Herberger, “qui alicui "de Hospitio prospicit." HERBERG, in German, is "An Inn;-Your Lodging, "Harbour, shelter, dwelling-place; der die Herberge zu bestellen voraus gesandt "wird, HARRIE and HARROW are terms used in old English to express various degrees of Disturbance-Annoyance, &c. HARRY occurs in Shakspeare. Cleopatra says of the Messenger, "I repent me much, "That I so HARRIED him." (Ant. and Cleop. A. III. S. 3.) On which Mr. Steevens observes, "To HARRY is to Use roughly. "I meet with the word in The Downfal of Robert Earl of Huntingdon, 1601. "Will HARRY me about instead of her." And Mr. Malone adds, "Minsheu in his Dict. 1617, explains the "word thus. 'To Turmoile or Vexe.' Cole in his English "Dict. 1676, interprets HARRIED by the word Pulled; and in "the sense of Pulled and lugged about, I believe the word was "used by Shakespeare. See the marginal direction in p. 481. "In a kindred sense it is used in the old translation of Plutarch; 'Pyrrhus seeing his people thus troubled, and HARRIED to and "fro.'" We perceive how the interpretations of Minsheu and Cole, "wird, a Harbinger," as my Lexicographer explains it. The word HAUBERK, with its parallel terms, might be the same as Her Berga, and mean 'A Covering for Soldiers.' The Etymologists produce the parallel terms to Hawberk, as Haubert, Haubergeon, (Fr.) Usbergo, (Ital.) and Halsberg, (Belgic.) If the Belgic Halsberg belongs to these terms, which is extremely probable; then the Etymologists are right in supposing, that they are derived from Hals, Collum, and Bergen, Tegere. ARBOUR may belong to Arbor, the Tree, as some imagine, "Pergula Arborea," Arboretum; though others think, that it belongs to Herberg, Harbour, &c. I cannot quit the term Here, "Exercitus, Turma, Cohors," and its derivatives, without remarking on the word preceding this in my Saxon Dictionary,-HERDracan, "Militares Serpentes, sagittæ," as they are explained by Lye. Darts, we see, are called 'Military Dragons,' which we instantly perceive to be derived from their property of Piercing the skin. I shall shew, that Dart and Draco, Dragon, belong to each other, and to the same idea of Thrusting—Striking, &c. &c. In the Eumenides, Opis is applied to a Dart, by the same metaphor, ПToy gyno ODIN. (y. 181.) It is curious, that Bochart attributes a fable, in the Adventures of Cadmus, to a confusion arising from this metaphor. He supposes, that the Serpent's Teeth, in the story of this personage, meant only Darts. "Phoeniciâ linguâ, quæ partim fuit Syra, partim fuit "Hebraica, "SNI, NCS, " Dentes serpentis etiam erant area cuspides, quali"bus primus in Græcia Cadmus armavit milites suos." (Geograph. Sac. p. 447.) Cole, Turmoil, Fex, and Pull, and the use of the word in “HARRIED to and fro," agree with the metaphor annexed to the action of HARROWING the Ground. Let us mark how words ́under different Elements, derived from the same idea, perform the same office. I shall shew that Turmoil and Trouble belong to Turma and Turba, and are derived from the metaphorical application of the TURF, if I may so express it, or Dirt in a state of Agitation. All agree, that Tumultus belongs to Tumulus, the Heap of Dirt. Skinner, in the same column with Harry, has the phrase "A Sea HARR," which is a Lincolnshire term, as he says, for " Tempestas à mari ingruens;" and he derives it either from the Saxon Hærn, Flustrum, Estus, or from Harry. They all, we see, belong to each other; and the n in Hærn presents to us a similar form, as Orino, (Ogwvw, Excito,) which is derived from ORO, (Ogw, Excito.) John Florio explains the Italian Tartassare by "To rib-baste, to bang, to tugge, to hale, to HARRIE," as Mr. Malone has observed in his Appendix, pag. 668. The strongest sense annexed to these words is expressed in old English by the word HARROW, when it is applied to the Devastation of the powers of Darkness by Christ. Christ is said to HARROW Hell. The Commentators on Shakspeare have quoted this expression, so common to our ancient Writers, on the following pa ssage in Hamlet. "Bern. Looks it not like the King? Mark it, Horatio. "Hor. Most like:-it HARROWS me with fear and wonder." (A. I. S. 1.) On which Mr. Steevens has remarked, "To HARROW is to conquer, to subdue. The word is of Saxon origin. So in the "old bl. 1. romance of Syr Eglamoure of Artoys. "He swore by him that HARROWED Hell." In the passage of Hamlet, HARROW is a metaphorical use of HARROW, as applied to the Operation on the Ground; nor is it necessary necessary to refer us to a Saxon origin, any more than in the speech of the Ghost. "I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word The Saxon word and the English word, as we have seen, are the same, and are used in a similar sense. Skinner quotes, in an Appendix Vocabulary of Ancient Words, the expression "By " him, that HARROWED Hell, (i. e.) per Christum," and justly refers it to the Saxon HERGian, Vastare. The familiarity of this expression arose from one of the ancient Mysteries, which was called the HARROWING of Hell. The representation of which is, "Christ " entering Hell, triumphantly," says Mr. Malone, " delivering "our first parents, and the most sacred characters of the Old "and New Testament, from the dominion of Satan, and convey"ing them into paradise." (See Historical Account of the Stage, P. 14.) ' We have seen, that Skinner, under HARRASS, refers us to HURRY and HARRIE. The term HURRY is another form of these words, and has a less violent meaning. In the phrase HURRY-Scurry, the word is used in a stronger sense; and Junius explains HURRY by "Violenter Disjicere, raptim propellere," who reminds us only of the Teutonic Huri, the "interjectio festinantis, quod loquitur Auriga equis, quando pellit currum, vel redam, vel hujusmodi." Skinner however justly refers it to the race of words which we have just discussed, Hergian, Vastare, &c., and the French Ahurir, which is another of these terms. My Lexicographer explains AHURir "To Surprise, to Astonish, to Maze, to Tease." In the Poems attributed to Rowley, HARRIE is used in its gentler sense of HURRY, and its stronger sense of HARROW. In the Tragedy of Ella we have, by "As Elynour bie the green lesselle was syttynge, "As from the sones hete she HARRIED, "She sayde, as hert whytte hondes whyte hosen was knyttynge, 4 c Again Again in the same play it is used for HARROW. "O! didst thou see mie breastis troublous state, "Theere love doth HARRIE up my joie and ethe." (. 1039, &c.) Dean Milles explains it here by Tear up. In the Englysh Metamorphosis, the word is used, in its genuine sense of HARROWING or Tearing up the Ground, and the objects upon it. The Giant Knight is thus described : "He tore a ragged Mountayne from the Grounde, "HARRIED uppe noddynge forrests to the skie." (*.81-2.) Chatterton explains HARRIED by Tost. We perceive, that the word is adopted in this passage with most singular force and propriety. We shall now understand, that the Dog called the HARRIER is the Animal, which HARRIES up-Hunts up or Pursues other Animals, &c. Nathan Bailey derives it from the French Harrier, To Hurry. Skinner, under HARIER, says, "Nomen canis, Ridero Ladon, credo potius Lagon, Gr. Aaywwv, (i. e.) Leporum In"sectator, v. Hare." This would lead us to suppose, that he imagined Harrier to be derived from Hare, and to signify, 'The follower of Hares.' The term HARE belongs to this race of words, and means 'The animal, which HURRies along with a fearful trepidating motion.' HARE occurs in the Saxon Hara, the Danish Hare, the Belgic, the German, and the French Hase, and the Arabic Hazaz. We perceive in Hase the form ^S of our Element. Junius derives these words from Har, Pilus, or Hair, because, as Pliny says, "Villosissimum animalium Lepus.". This Lexicographer records likewise the term Au Roi, (Augo,) in Suidas, for Hares, οι λαγωοι. I have added, in my interpretation of HARE, the idea of the Fearful-trepidating Motion, as in Skinner we have next to this term HARE, the verb TO HARE, which he explains by "Perterrefacere, consternare, metu percellere;" and which he derives from the race of words now under discussion, the French Harier, Vexare, and the Saxon Hergian, Vastare. Skinner does not |