Animals slaughtered, value of, 63.
Anthracite, first use of, 173; its sup-
ply to towns, 174; quantity raised
in Pennsylvania, 175.
Apprentices, number of, 33.
Arizona, precious metals found in, 160.
Arkansas, State of, its population, 18;
gold discovered in the river, 157.
Army, large reductions in the, 339:
ordinary consequences of its dis-
bandment, 381, 382; the various
occupations resorted to by the dis-
banded soldiers, 382 n.

Asses, bred as substitutes for horses,

75.

Atlantic, seaboard of the, 197.

Atlantic and Great Western Railway,
extent and rapid increase of its
traffic, 287 n.

Auriferous territories of America, in-
sufficiency of our information re-
specting, 163; probability of large
emigration to the, ib.

Austria, cotton spindles employed in,
109.

B.

BACON AND HAMS, curing of, 89.
Bakers, number of, 33.
Baltimore, population of, 19.
Banjos, manufacture of, 144.
Banking operations, a tax on, 376.
Bankers, number of, 33.
Bar-keepers, number of, 33.
Barley, production of, 65; used for
malting purposes, ib.; growth of in
California, 66; the "volunteer
crop," ib.

Beans, production of, 70.

Belgium, cotton spindles employed
in, 109.

Blacksmiths, number of, 33.

Boarding-house keepers, number of,33.
Boatmen, number of, 34.
Books, taxes on, 346.

Boot and shoe manufacturers, 137;
worked by steam power, ib.; the
invention introduced by Sir M. I.
Brunel, ib.; details of the ma-
chinery, 138; state of the trade, ib. ;
caution respecting, 139.
Boston, population of, 19.
Boston Board of Trade, their report
on steam communication, 208; their
evidence on the Reciprocity Treaty,
246, 247.

Bread stuffs, export of, 52; (see GRAIN
TRADE).

Bricklayers, number of, 33.
Brickmakers, number of, 33.

Bridges and viaducts of railroads, 259.
British provinces, trade with the, 235
-238.

Brooklyn (N.Y.), population of, 19.
Brunel's inventions for the manufac
ture of boots and shoes used in
America, 137.

Buck-wheat, production of, 66.
Buffalo (N.Y.), population of, 19.
Buffon, Count, his opinion of Merino
sheep, 81 et n.

Butchers, number of, 33.
Butter, produce of, 67.

C.

CABINET MANUFACTURE exported from
the United States, 141; character
of, ib.
Cabinet-makers, number of, 33.
California, State of, its population, 19;
added to the Union, 25; grain trade
of, 58; a wheat exporting country,
ib.; the future granary of the Paci-
fic, ib.; her exportation in propor-
tion to her product, ib.; growth of
barley in, 66; number of horses in,
74; gold discovered in, 151, 152,
154; agricultural progress of, 153;
favourable prospects of emigration
to, ib.; native gold brought from,
155; the gold discoveries a main
cause of the recent development
and progress of the United States,
163, 164; quicksilver found in, 171.
Campbell, Mr., of Vermont, his Merino
sheep, 79.

Canada, local taxes imposed by, 237;
position of the British colonists,
247; desirous of maintaining the
Reciprocity Treaty, 248; good feel-
ing of towards America, ib.

Canal traffic, limited capacity of, 226.
Cane, Sugar, of the South, 312.
Capital, probable results of free labour
upon, 302.

Carolina, North, its population, 18.
Carolina, South, its population, 18.
Carpenters, number of, 33.

Carpets, manufacture of, 115, 116.
Carters, number of, 33.

Cattle, number and value of the, 72,
73; a breed of short-horns origin-
ally imported from the valley of the
Tees, 77 n.

Census of 1860, population of the, 18.
Cereals, quantity produced, 62.
Charleston, population of, 19.
Chase, Mr., his financial policy, 7; his
description of the Pacific gold-fields,

152.

Cheese, produce of, 68; export of,
ib.; its preparation, ib.; increasing
appreciation of, 68 n.; "as good as
gold," 69.

Chicago, population of, 19; city of,
26; shipment of wheat from, 49;
first settlement of, 54, 87; export of
grain from, 55; a great pork-ex-
porting town, 86, 87; rapid rise of,
87; the great centre of the Northern
railways, ib.; its splendid market-
place, ib.; extent of its trade, 88;
largest market of the world for
corn, tinber, and pork, ib. ; process
of pig killing at, 89; the great seat
of the corn trade, 239 n.

China, a large trade with, being deve-
loped at San Francisco, 218, 219.
Cincinnati, population of, 19; city of,
26; the number of hogs killed and
exported from, 86; a great centre of
the "packing trade" of hogs, ib.;
increased prices of agricultural
produce, owing to the improved
means of transit, 279; a link in the
railway system wanted at, 290.
Cities, population of the principal
ones, 19, 20, 26; spring up near the
oil-wells, 186, 187.

Civil engineers, number of, 33.
Civil War, in the United States, 1;

condition in which it has left Ame-
rica, ib.; President Lincoln's de-
scription, 2; sustentation of credit
during the, ib.; its results advan-
tageous to the national interests,
388, 389.

Clergymen, number of, 33.
Clerks, number of, 32.

Cleveland (Ohio), population of, 19.
Climate, varieties of, 22.
"Clipper ships," 205, 206.

Cloaks and mantillas manufactured by
sewing machines, 132.
Clocks and watches made by ma-
chinery, 142.

Clothing, manufacture of, by the
sewing machine, 131, 132.
Coachmakers, number of, 33.
Coal, its great importance, 173; its
production too much neglected, ib. ;
account of the American coal trade,
ib.; first use of anthracite, ib.;
first use of bituminous coal, and
quantity raised in each State in
1860, 174, 175; substitutes for in
America, 175; Indian corn used in-
stead of, 175 n.; produce of, in
America singularly small in com-
parison with that of Great Britain,
177; surface indications of, in Illi-
nois, Ohio, and Virginia, 179; the
great Pittsburg coal-seam, ib.;
duties on, 355.

Coal, British, Sir R. Peel's export duty
on, 353; its injurious results on
trade and commerce, ib.

Coal-fields of America, vast extent of
177, 178; profitable for the invest-
ment of capital, 180; improved
machinery required for, ib.

Coal produce of Great Britain, 177;
of the world, 178.

Coasting trade, 205, 224, 225.
Coeur d'Alène gold fields, 159.
Coinage of gold and silver at the
United States Mint, 155.

Colorado, native gold from, 156, 157;
silver mines of, 157; yield of, ib.
Coloured races of the United States,
20; population and their proportion
of increase, ib.
Commerce, 197 et seq.; shipping em-
ployed in, 197; the lakes and navi-
gable rivers contributing to, 198,
199; the mercantile marine, 199,
202; foreign trade and inland navi-
gation, 204, 205; report of the Bos-
ton Board of Trade, 208; extent and
rapidity of its growth, 210; imports
and exports, ib. ; internal trade,
222; trade with British provinces,
235; influence of railways on, 285.
Comstock silver mine, 159.
Concertinas, manufacture of, 144.
"Conestoga" horse, 74, 75.

Convoys of goods trains by railroad,
277.

Coopers, number of, 33.

Copper, extensively found in Michigan
and New Mexico, 170.
Cordage, manufacture of, 111.
Corn laws of Great Britain, their re-
peal stimulated the export grain
trade of America, 52.

Corry, new city of near the oil-wells,
186; its importance, 187.

Cotton, amount raised in the different
States, 315; the whole slave power
thrown into its cultivation, ib.;
number of slaves engaged in, 316 6;
cultivation of revived, 328, 329;
duty on very objectionable, 354,

355.

Cotton bagging, manufacture of, 111.
Cotton Brokers' Association of Liver-

pool, and their annual Circular,
315 n.

Cotton manufacture in America and
England, 107; estimates of value
fallacious, 108; exports of British,
108, 109; number of spindles in the
machinery of, as compared with
other countries, 109: number of
hands employed, 110; progress of,
ib.; raw materials used, ib.; low
description of the cotton fabrics,
111; cannot compete with the
European manufactures in American
markets, 112; vast importations of

from Europe, ib.; absurdity of at-
tempting to protect it, 113.
Cotton trade of the south, 230.
Cow-pea, production of the, 67.
Cows, number of, 73.

Credit, sustentation of during the
Civil War historically unexampled,
and attributable to the resources of
America, 3; the national debt, and
its rapid increase, 5, 6; Mr. Chase's
financial policy, 7; the nation able
to support it, 9.

Customs duties, 380; collection of,
ih.

Cutting machines for boots and shoes,
138.

D.

DACOTAH TERRITORY, gold and silver
of the, 162.

Dahlonega in Georgia, manufacture of
coinage at, 151 et n.
Dairy produce, 62.

Davis, Mr. Jefferson, kept in confine-
ment to await his trial, 319.
Debt (see NATIONAL DEBT).
Denver, the capital of Colorado, 157.
Detroit (Michigan) population of, 19;
commercial convention, 235, 236.
Dividends of railways, 273.
Drivers, number of, 33.

Druggists, number of, 33.

E.

EASTERN STATES, increased demand
for wheat to supply the, 48, 49.
Edge tools, manufacture of, 133.
Egan Canon Mines, 159.
Empire Well, 183.

Engineering manufactures of great
magnitude, 132.

England, the people of, imperfectly
informed of the American character,
364; contrast between her and
America, 366; increase of pauperisin
in, ib.; universal suffrage unsuited
to, 368, 370; influence of wealth in,
369; her estimate of America en-
tirely inadequate, 370.
English, the States in which the
greatest number reside, 17.
Erie Canal, the development of the
grain trade consequent on opening
the, 54; opening of the, 279.
Excursion trains, speed of, 276.
Exhibition of 1851 in Hyde Park, 96,
121; its effects on implement manu-
facture, 96; Commissioner Riddle's
report on, 121, 122; articles exhi-
bited by Russia and America, 122,

123.

Expenditure, 332; (see FINANCE and
REVENUE).

Export grain trade, 52 et seq. (see
GRAIN TRADE).

Exports of gold, 213; of native pro-
ducts, ib.; progress of, 214; great
variety of, 214, 215; of Great Bri-
tain, 215; to different countries in
1862, 216, 217; to the United States
from Great Britain, 41; (see IM-
PORTS).

Express trains, speed of, 276.

F.

FACTORY HANDS, number of, 39.
Farrell Well, 185.

Farmers and farm labourers, number
of, 33.

Farms, increase and the numbers of,
45; nature of the holdings, ib.;
their size, ib. ; the increased value
of throughout the West, 280.
Files, manufacture of, 133.
Financial policy of Mr. Chase, 7.
Finance revenue, and expenditure, 332
et seq.

Fish, production of, 144.

Fish-jointing on railways, 260, 261.
Fisheries, disputes respecting the,
241, 242.

Fishermen, number of, 34.

Flax of the Southern States, 311:
contrast between the production of
Slave States and Free States, ib.
Flax and hemp, cultivation of, 70.
Flour and meal, one of the principal
products of American manufactur-
ing industry, 35.

Foreign population, proportion of, in
the Northern and Southern States,
18, 19.

Foreign trade, 204; not sufficiently
progressive, 209.

Fort Wayne, town of, 26; M'Cul-
loch's description of, 26, 27.
France, cotton spindles employed in,
109.

Free labour, probable results of, 302;
the South will prosper under, 306,
307.

Free States, acreage of the, im-
proved" and "unimproved," 306;
contrasted with the Slave States in
1760 and 1790, 327.

Free trade, system of not fully
adopted in the United States, 92;
increased traffic and advantages
arising from, 120; fate of the South
dependent on, 385.

Freedmen, the President's policy re-
garding the, 321, 322; measures for
their security, 322; their fate de-
pendent on a just national policy,
386.

Freedom, the South will be far more
prosperous under, 318.
Fruits, imports of, 220.
Funk Well, 183.

Furniture (see CABINET FURNITURE).

G.

GARDENERS, number of, 33.
Gas, use and manufacture of, 145.
Georgia, State of, its population, 18;
cotton produce of, 315.

Germans, the State in which the
greatest number reside, 21.
Germany, cotton spindles employed
in, 109.

Glass, imports of, 219, 220.

Gold, general diffusion of, 151 et seq.;
discovered in California, 151, 152;
gold-producing regions of America,
152; Mr. Chase's description of, ib.;
gold-mining in California, 154; na-
tive gold received for coinage into
the United States mint, 155; quan-
tity of, found in Colorado, 156; at
"Pike's Peak," ib. ; in Utah, Ne-
vada, &c., 159 et seq.; discoveries
of, a principal cause of the recent
development and progress of the
United States, 163; the annual yield
will probably amount to 30,000,000l.,
164; expansion of trade which fol-
lows, 212: export of, 213.
Gold-mining of the territories of Idaho,
Montana, and Dacotah, 161, 162.
Goods-trains, speed of, 276; convoys
of, 277.

Grains, exports of, 213 n.
Grain trade, 52 et seq.; aggregate value

of, 52; greatly stimulated by the re-
peal of the British corn laws, ib.;
large exports during 1862-3, 53;
shipments to Great Britain, ib. ; the
proportion of the United States
supply to our consumption nearly
one-half of our deficiency, 54; his-
tory of, ib.; its development con-
sequent on opening the Erie Canal,
ib.; first shipment from the lake,
55; rapid increase of shipments
from Milwaukie, ib.; a great field
of cultivation in the state of Illinois,
ib. shipments of grain from ports
on Lake Michigan, 56; the produc-
tion of grain in the North-Western
States inexhaustible, 56, 57; facili-
ties of transport, 57; diversion of
the trade from rivers, ib. ; trade of
California, 58; prices in America
governed by "Mark Lane," 60; the
"sunshine" gives fertility to Ameri-
can soil, ib.; character of the har-
vesting in America, 61.

HARDWARES, manufacture of, 133.
Harness makers, number of, 33.
Harvesting in America, 61.
Hatters, number of, 33.
"High Wines," manufacture of, 146.
Hemp, cultivation of, 70.

Hodge, Professor, the geologist, 174,
175 n.

Hogs, decrease of, 86 n.; average
weight "packed" during the year
1863, 88; the trade likely to increase,
90; process of curing and packing,
89; collateral trade in, 91.
Home-made manufactures, value of,

63.

ICE, great consumption of, 148; its
general use, ib.; export of, ib.; na-
ture of the trade, ib.; the English
ignorant of its use, 149.
Idaho territory, gold-mining regions
of, 161.

Illinois, State of, its population, 18;

its agricultural progress, ib. ; statis-
tics of, ib.; the largest wheat-pro-
ducing State in the Union, 46;
rapid development of, 55; her pro-
duction of Indian corn, 59.
Immigration, the great increase of
population owing to, 10; statistics
of, from 1800 to 1860, 11-13; from
1820 to 1860, 14; causes of from
Europe, 15; the recent decline of
accounted for, ib.

Immigrants, their ages, 13; wealth
introduced by the, 14; their occu-
pation, 16, 17; districts to which
they principally resort, 17; propor-
tions of foreigners in the Northern
and Southern States, 18; improve-
ment of their position, 20; States

chiefly selected for settlement by,
21; the English, Irish, and Germans,
ib.; objects sought to be attained
by, ib.

Imports of the United States, 219;
principal articles of, 219, 220.
Imports and exports, 210 et seq.; table
of, from 1844 to 1860, 211; difficult
to give the statistics of, during the
Civil War, ib. n.; character of the,
212; expansion of, which followed
the gold discoveries, 212, 213, (see
EXPORTS).

India-rubber goods, made by ma-
chinery, 140; English manufacture
of, ib.

Indian corn, quantity produced in
Illinois, 59; production of, 63; ease
with which it is grown, and the ex-
tent to which it is used, 64; its
larger use in England recommended,
64, 65; various ways of dressing,
65 n.; used for fuel in the Western
States, 176; the principal item of
subsistence in the South, 309.
Indiana, State of, 27; a remarkable
illustration of American progress,
ib.; its population and number of
cities, ib.; repels the invasion of
General Morgan, 28; general reflec-
tion on, 29; its great resources and
general prosperity, 30.
Inland navigation, 205.
Inland revenue department, 362.
Innkeepers, number of, 33.
Insurances, tax on, 358.

Internal trade, 222; vast amount of
tonnage on the lakes, rivers, and
canals, 224, 225; goods carried
westward and eastward, 226, 227.
Iowa, corn crop so very large as to be
used for fuel, 176.

Irish, the States in which the greatest
number reside, 21.

Iron, 165 et seq.; widely distributed
through the United States, 165;
extent of the iron fields, 165, 166;
of Lake Superior, 167; quantity
raised in America, 168; import of,
from Great Britain, and its great in-
crease, 168 et n.; extent to which
the Americans are able to use it,
169, 170; the deficiency attributable
to the deficiency of labour, 172;
duties on, 355.

Iron goods, manufacture of, 122;
chiefly imported, 132, 133.

Iron mining in Pennsylvania, 165; in
the Southern States, 166; in the
State of Missouri, 166, 167; in Mi-
chigan, 167.

Iron mountains in the State of Mis-
souri, 166, 167.

LABOUR, great deficiency of, in Ame-
rica, 94; on the "respect" paid to,
299; an implied distinction between
free and slave labour, 300; probable
results of free labour on property
and capital in the South, 301, 302.
Labour-saving machines greatly sti-
mulated in America, 94.
Labourers, number of, 33.

Ladies' clothing made by machinery,
139.

Lager beer, 147.

Lake navigation, 198.

Lakes, first shipment on the, 55;
traffic on the, 227; tonnage of the,
227, 228; fishing of the, 228.
Lancashire, its productions and re-
sources, 29.

Lance, Wm., on the ease of obtaining
an act for railroads, 256.
Land, its richness and extent, 23;
Government divisions of, ib.; low
price of, 24; increased investments
in, 43; extent under cultivation,
44; character of the cultivation, ib.:
nature of the holdings, 45 (see
FARMS); grants of, for railroads,
271; increased value of, in the
West, owing to the facilities of
transport, 294; extent uncultivated
in the South, 321; proportion of
"improved" and "unimproved,"
ib.; extent of "mined," 154; their
cultivation, ib.; additional value
of, under free labour, 326, 327.
Laundresses, number of, 33.
Lead, worked in Missouri, Wisconsin,
and Iowa, 171.

Lincoln, Abraham, President, his de-
scription of America during the
Civil War, 2; his humble origin,
and energy of his character, 369.
Linen goods, manufacture of, 116.
"Liners" preferred to steam vessels

for home navigation, 205, 206.
Live stock, aggregate value of, in the
United States, 90, 91.
Locks, manufacture of, 133.