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XLVII.

RECOLLECTIONS OF SCOTT.

WASHINGTON IRVING.

See in Index, BONHOMMIE, CAIRN, CAUSTICITY, HUMBLE, HUMOR, TRAVELER OF TRAVELLER, IRVING, SCOTT.

Delivery. This charming account of Sir Walter Scott from the pen of a kindred genius should be read in the middle pitch, with gentle force, medium time, short pauses, varying inflections, and a tone suggestive of that strong personal admiration and affection for the subject of his eulogy, of which Irving's language carries internal evidence.

1. THE Conversation of Scott was frank, hearty, picturesque, and dramatic. During the time of my visit he inclined to the comic rather than the grave, in his anecdotes and stories, and such, I was told, was his general inclination. He relished a joke or a trait of humor

He talked on.

laughed

with right good will t ght humor not for display, but from the flow of his spirits, the stores of his memory, and the vigor of his imagination.

2. He had a natural turn for narration, and his narratives and descriptions were without effort, yet wonderfully graphic. He' placed the scene before you like a picture; he gave the dialogue with the appropriate dialect or peculiarities, and described the appearance and characters of his personages with that spirit and felicity evinced in his writings. Indeed, his conversation reminded me continually of his novels; and it seemed to me that, during the whole time I was with him, he talked enough to fill volumes, and that they could not have been filled more delightfully.

3. He was as good a listener as talker, appreciating everything that others said, however humble might be their rank or pretensions, and was quick to testify his perception of any point in their discourse. He arrogated nothing to himself, but was perfectly unassuming and unpretending, entering with heart and soul into the

business, or pleasure, or, I had almost said, folly, of the hour and the company.

4. No one's concerns, no one's thoughts, no one's opinions, no one's tastes and pleasures, seemed beneath him. He made himself so thoroughly the companion of those with whom he happened to be, that they forgot for a time his vast superiority, and only recollected and wondered, when all was over, that it was Scott with whom they had been on such familiar terms, and in whose society they had felt so perfectly at their ease. The play of his genius was so easy that he was unconscious of its mighty power, and made light of those sports of intellect that shamed the efforts and labors of other minds.

5. It was delightful to observe the generous spirit in which he spoke of all his literary contemporaries, quoting the beauties of their works, and this, too, with respect to persons with whom he might have been supposed to be at variance in literature or politics. Jeffrey, it was thought, in one of his reviews had ruffled his plumes, yet Scott spoke of him in terms of high and warm eulogy, both as an author and a man.

6. Scott's humor in conversation, as in his works, was genial, and free from all causticity. He had a quick perception of faults and foibles, but he looked upon poor human nature with an indulgent eye, relishing what was good and pleasant, tolerating what was frail, and pitying what was eyil. It is this beneficent spirit which gives such an air of bonhomie to Scott's humor throughout all his works.

7. He played with the foibles and errors of his fellow-beings, and presented them in a thousand whimsical and characteristic lights, but the kindness and generosity of his nature would not allow him to be a satirist. I do not recollect a sneer throughout his conversation any more than there is throughout his writings. Such is a rough sketch of Scott, as I saw him in

private life, not merely at the time of the visit here narrated, but in the casual intercourse of subsequent

years.

8. Of his public character and merits all the world can judge. His works have incorporated themselves with the thoughts and concerns of the whole civilized world, for a quarter of a century, and have had a controlling influence over the age in which he lived. But when did a human being ever exercise an influence more salutary and benignant? Who is there that, on looking back over a great portion of his life, does not find the genius of Scott administering to his pleasures, beguiling his cares, and soothing his lonely sorrows?

9. Who does not still regard his works as a treasury of pure enjoyment, an armory to which to resort in time of need, to find weapons with which to fight off the evils and the griefs of life? For my own part, in periods of dejection, I have hailed the announcement of a new work from his pen as an earnest of certain pleasure in store for me, and have looked forward to it as a traveler in a waste looks to a green spot at a distance, where he feels assured of solace and refreshment.

10. When I consider how much he has thus contributed to the better hours of my past existence, and how independent his works still make me, at times, of all the world for my enjoyment, I bless my stars that cast my lot in his days, to be thus cheered and gladdened by the outpourings of his genius. I consider it one of the greatest advantages that I have derived from my literary career, that it has elevated me into genial communion with such a spirit; and as a tribute of gratitude for his friendship, and veneration for his memory, I cast this humble stone upon his cairn, which will I trust, be piled aloft with the contributions of abler hands.

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The true and simple pathos of these lines requires a subdued middle pitch, gentle force, medium time, and short pauses.

See in Index, Portal, LaightoN.

I.

FOUND dead! dead and alone!

There was nobody near, nobody near,

When the outcast died on his pillow of stone;

No mother, no brother, no sister dear,

Not a friendly voice to soothe or cheer,
Not a watching eye nor a pitying tear: —
O, the city slept when he died alone

In the roofless street on a pillow of stone!

II.

Many a weary day went by,

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While wretched and worn he begged for bread,
Tired of life, and longing to lie

Peacefully down with the silent dead;

Hunger and cold, and scorn and pain,
Had wasted his form and seared his brain,
Till at last on a bed of frozen ground,
With a pillow of stone, was the outcast found.

III.

Found dead! dead and alone,

On a pillow of stone in the roofless street;
Nobody heard his last faint moan,

Or knew when his sad heart ceased to beat;
No mourner lingered with tears or sighs,
But the stars looked down with pitying eyes,
And the chill winds passed with a wailing sound
O'er the lonely spot where his form was found.

IV.

Found dead! yet not alone;

There was somebody near, somebody near,
To claim the wanderer as His own,

And find a home for the homeless here;

One, when every human door

Is closed to His children, scorned and poor,
Who opens the heavenly portal wide-

Ah! God was near when the Outcast died.

XLIX. THE GREAT REPUBLIC.

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.

See in Index, ALLY, CATASTROPHE, CORSELET, ENGINERY, OLIGARCHIC, PRAIRIE, PRECEDENT, SOVEREIGNTY, HOLMES. See remarks, §§ 49, 51. The style is argumentative, exhortative, didactic, and the delivery should be chiefly level, but rising here and there into great animation.

1. THE spirit of republican America is not that of a wild propagandism. It is not by war that we have sought or should ever seek to convert the Old World to our theories and practice in government. If this young nation is permitted, in the providence of God, to unfold all its possibilities into powers, the great lesson it will teach will be that of peaceful development.

2. American civilization hates war as such. It values life, because it honors humanity. It values property, because property is for the comfort and good of all, and not merely plunder, to be wasted by a few irresponsible lawgivers. It wants all the forces of its population to subdue Nature to its service. It demands all the intellect of its children for construction, not for destruction. 3. Let us not, therefore, waste our strength in threats of vengeance against those misguided governments who mistook their true interest in the prospect of our calamity. We can conquer them by peace better than by war. When the Union emerges from the battle-smoke, - her crest towering, her eyes flashing defiance to all her evil-wishers, her breast heaving under its corselet of iron, her arm wielding the mightiest enginery that

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