cess; and within the next five years the foremost playwrights of the day, with the notable exception of Barrie, in their absorption by the questions of the hour, almost ceased to write, or at least to produce. So-called war plays were hurriedly thrust before a public that soon tired of them in the desire for relief from the strain; and brilliant musical comedies, in London and still more in New York, by the time of the armistice were demanding fabulous prices for admission. Such tendencies, however, could not undo all of the constructive work of the last three decades. An intelligent and a growing audience was seeking more than ever the best that the theatre had to offer, in the small towns and villages as well as in the great centers of culture; and now that the war is over, and now that it has been shown that even the moving-picture can not wholly displace the spoken drama, we may indeed hope for a new inspiration in the art cultivated by Kean, and in the heritage and culture of Shakespeare.

I. TEXTS.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Collections of Plays.

2. Works in Series, primarily for school use; Individual Authors, etc.

3. Standard of Special Editions.

II. CRITICISM.

1. General Works.

2. Works on Special Periods or Subjects.

3. The Stage, Dramatic Technique, and the Function of the Theatre.

I. TEXTS

1. COLLECTIONS OF PLAYS

Manly, John Matthews: Specimens of the Pre-Shakesperean Drama, 2 vols. (a third forthcoming). Ginn & Co., Boston, 1897. Pollard, A. W.: English Miracle Plays, Moralities, and Interludes (revised). Oxford University Press, London, New York, etc., 1914.

Cunliffe, J. W.: Early English Classical Tragedies. Oxford University Press, London, New York, etc., 1912.

Neilson, William Allan: The Chief Elizabethan Dramatists (excluding Shakespeare). Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1911. Gayley, Charles M.: Representative English Comedies. Vol. I. From the Beginnings to Shakespeare. Vol. II. The Later Contemporaries of Shakespeare: Ben Jonson and Others. Vol. III. The Later Contemporaries of Shakespeare: Fletcher and Others. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1903.

Tupper, F., and Tupper, J. W.: Representative English Dramas from Dryden to Sheridan. Oxford University Press, London, New York, etc., 1914.

Tatlock. John S. P., and Martin, Robert G.: Representative English Plays. The Century Co., New York, 1916.

Matthews, Brander: The Chief European Dramatists.

Mifflin Co., Boston, 1916.

Houghton

Dickinson, Thomas H.: The Chief Contemporary Dramatists. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1915.

See also in Everyman's Library (E. P. Dutton & Co., New York) Everyman, and other Interludes, edited by Ernest Rhys; Minor Elizabethan Drama (2 vols.), edited by Ashley H. Thorndike; and A Volume of Restoration Plays, edited by Edmund Gosse.

For further and more advanced study in early drama see York Plays, edited by L. Toulmin Smith, Oxford University Press, London, New York, etc., 1885; English Nativity Plays, edited by Samuel B. Hemingway, Yale Studies in English, No. 38, Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1909; and in the Publications of the Early English Text Society, Oxford University Press, Digby Plays, edited by F. J. Furnivall, 1896, and Towneley Mysteries, edited by G. England and A. W. Pollard, 1897. For old plays not otherwise accessible, see A Collection of Old English Plays, edited by A. H. Bullen, London, 1882-85, 4 vols., new series 3 vols., 1887-90; and note R. Dodsley's famous Select Collection of Old Plays, 1744 (4th edition, 15 vols., edited by W. C. Hazlitt, London, 1874-76).

2. WORKS IN SERIES, PRIMARILY FOR SCHOOL USE; INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS, ETC.

Im

MERMAID SERIES ("The best plays of the Old Dramatists"). portations of Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. (This has long been a well known series for first reading, and it has deserved the place that it has held. In recent years, however, it has been rivaled and sometimes excelled by the series that follow.)

Beaumont and Fletcher, with introduction and notes by J. Strachey. Plays: Vol. I, The Maid's Tragedy, Philaster, The Wild Goose Chase, Thierry and Theodoret, The Knight of the Burning Pestle; Vol. II, A King and No King, Bonduca, The Spanish Curate, The Faithful Shepherdess, Valentinian.

Chapman, George, edited with introduction and notes by W. L. Phelps. Plays: All Fools, Bussy D'Ambois, The Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois, The Conspiracy of Charles, Duke of Byron; The Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron.

Congreve, William, edited and annotated by A. C. Ewald. Plays: The Old Bachelor, The Double Dealer, Love for Love, The Way of the World, The Mourning Bride.

Dekker, Thomas, with essay and notes by Ernest Rhys. Plays: The Shoemaker's Holiday, The Honest Whore, Old Fortunatus, The Witch of Edmonton.

Dryden, John, edited with introduction and notes by George Saintsbury. Plays: Vol. I, Almanzor and Almahide, or The Conquest of Granada; Marriage à la Mode, Aureng-Zebe; Vol. II, All for Love, The Spanish Friar, Albion and Albanus, Don Sebastian.

Farquhar, George, with introduction by William Archer. Plays: The Constant Couple, The Twin-Rivals, The Recruiting Officer, The Beaux' Stratagem.

Ford, John, edited by Havelock Ellis. Plays: The Lover's Melancholy, The Broken Heart, Love's Sacrifice, Perkin Warbeck. Greene, Robert, with notes and introduction by T. H. Dickinson. Plays: Alphonsus, King of Arragon; A Looking-glass for Lon

don and England, Orlando Furioso, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, James the Fourth, George a-Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield.

Heywood, Thomas, edited by A. W. Verity, with introduction by J. A. Symonds. Plays: A Woman Killed with Kindness, The Fair Maid of the West, The English Traveller, The Wise Woman of Hogsdon, The Rape of Lucrece.

Jonson, Ben, edited with introduction and notes by B. Nicholson and C. H. Herford. Plays: Vol. I, Every Man in his Humour, Every Man out of his Humour, The Poetaster; Vol. II, Bartholomew Fair, Cynthia's Revels, Sejanus, his Fall; Vol. III, Volpone, or The Fox; Epicoene, or The Silent Woman; The Alchemist.

Marlowe, Christopher, edited with critical memoir and notes by
Havelock Ellis. Plays: Tamberlaine the Great, 2 parts, The
Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Malta, Edward the
Second.
Massinger, Philip, edited with critical and biographical essay and
notes by Arthur Symons. Plays: Vol. I, The Duke of Milan,
A New Way to Pay Old Debts, The Great Duke of Florence,
The Maid of Honour, The City Madam; Vol. II, The Roman
Actor, The Fatal Dowry, The Guardian, The Virgin Martyr,
Believe as You List.

Middleton, Thomas, with an introduction by Algernon Charles
Swinburne. Plays: Vol. I, A Trick to Catch the Old One, The
Changeling, A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, Women Beware
Women, The Spanish Gipsy; Vol. II, The Roaring Girl, The
Witch, A Fair Quarrel, The Mayor of Queensborough, The
Widow.

Otway, Thomas, with introduction and notes by Roden Noel. Plays: Don Carlos, The Orphan, The Soldier's Fortune, Venice Preserved.

Shadwell, Thomas, edited with introduction and notes by George Saintsbury. Plays: The Sullen Lovers, A True Widow, The Squire of Alsatia, Bury Fair.

Shirley, James, with introduction by Edmund Gosse. Plays: The Witty Fair One, The Traitor, Hyde Park, The Lady of Pleasure, The Cardinal, The Triumph of Peace.

Steele, Richard, edited with introduction and notes by G. A. Aitkin. Plays: The Funeral, The Lying Lover, The Tender Husband, The Conscious Lovers, The School of Action, The Gentleman.

Vanbrugh, John, edited with introduction and notes by A. E. H. Swain. Plays: The Relapse, The Provoked Wife, The Confederacy, A Journey to London.

Webster and Tourneur, with an introduction and notes by John Addington Symonds. Plays: The White Devil, The Duchess of Malfi, The Atheist's Tragedy, The Revenger's Tragedy.

Wycherley, William, edited with introduction and notes by W. C. Ward. Plays: Love in a Wood, The Gentleman Dancing Master, The Country Wife, The Plain Dealer.