perors CH. LXVIII.-REIGN AND CHARACTER OF MAHOMET THE SECOND.- SIEGE, ASSAULT, AND FINAL CONQUEST OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE TURKS. DEATH OF CONSTANTINE PALÆOLOGUS.-SERVITUDE OF THE GREEKS.-EXTINCTION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE EAST.-CON- 1451. Hostile Intentions of Mahomet 1452. He builds a Fortress on the Bosphorus The Turkish War The Great Cannon of Mahomet. 1453. Siege of Constantinople by Mahomet II. Attack and Detence Succour and Victory of four ships Mahomet transports his Navy over Land Preparations of the Turks for the general Assault Death of the Emperor Constantine Palæologus The Turks enter and pillage Constantinople Mahomet II. visits the City, St. Sophia, the Palace, &c His Behaviour to the Greeks He re-peoples and adorns Constantinople Extinction of the Imperial Families of Comnenus and 328 330 332 334 336 CII. LXIX.-STATE OF ROME FROM THE TWELFTH CENTURY.-TEM- PORAL DOMINION OF THE POPES.-SEDITIONS OF THE CITY.-POLI- TICAL HERESY OF APNOLD OF BRESCIA. - RESTORATION OF THE REPUBLIC.-THE SENATORS.-PRIDE OF THE ROMANS.-THEIR WARS. -THEY ARE DEPRIVED GF THE ELECTION AND PRESENCE OF THE The Præfect of the City The Office of Senator 1179. The Election of the Popes. Right of the Cardinals established by Alexander III. 1274. Institution of the Conclave by Gregory X. CH. LXX. CHARACTER AND CORONATION OF RETRARCH.-RESTORATION OF THE FREEDOM AND GOVERNMENT OF ROME BY THE TRIBUNE RIENZI.-HIS VIRTUES AND VICES, HIS EXPULSION AND DEATH.- RETURN OF THE POPES FROM AVIGNON.-GREAT SCHISM OF THE WEST. RE-UNION OF THE LATIN CHURCH. LAST STRUGGLES OF 1355. Petrarch invites and upbraids the Emperor Charles IV. 419 CH. LXXI-PROSPECT OF THE RUINS OF ROME IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.-FOUR CAUSES OF DECAY AND DESTRUCTION. EXAMPLE OF THE COLISEUM.-RENOVATION OF THE CITY.-CONCLUSION OF THE 1430. View and Discourse of Poggius from the Capitoline Hill PARTITION OF THE EMPIRE BY THE FRENCH AND VENETIANS.-riva LATIN EMPERORS OF THE HOUSES OF FLANDERS AND COURTENAY.— THEIR WARS AGAINST THE BULGARIANS AND GREEKS. — WEAKNESS AND POVERTY OF THE LATIN EMPIRE. RECOVERY OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE GREEKS.-GENERAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CRU. SADES. AFTER the death of the lawful princes, the French and Venetians, confident of justice and victory, agreed to divide and regulate their future possessions. It was stipulated by treaty, that twelve electors, six of either nation, should be nominated; that a majority should choose the emperor of the East; and that, if the votes were equal, the decision of chance should ascertain the successful candidate. To him, with all the titles and prerogatives of the Byzantine throne, they assigned the two palaces of Boucoleon and Blachernæ, with a fourth part of the Greek monarchy. It See the original treaty of partition, in the Venetian Chronicle of Andrew Dandolo, p. 326-330, and the subsequent election in Villehardouin, No. 136-140, with Ducange in his Observations, and the first book of his Histoire de Constantinople sous l'Empire des François, VOL. VIL. |