at Rome, 40. Amount of its revenue, 202,
Public works executed there by Probus,
407. Conduct of Diocletian there, 435.
Egypt, progress of Christianity there, ii. 73.
Its kings always priests, 368, note.
-edict of the emperor Valens, to restrain
the number of monks there, ii. 88.
The worship of Serapis, how introduced
there, 285. His temple, and the Alexan-
drian library destroyed by bishop Theo-
philus, 287.

origin of monkish institutions in, iv.
108. Supphes of wheat furnished by,
for the city of Constantinople, 310.

conquered by Chosroes II, v. 172.
Ecclesiastical history of, 271.

reduced by the Saracens, vi. 56. Cap-
ture of Alexandria, 63. Administration
of, 67. Description of, by Amrou, 69.
Conquered by the Turks, 488. Theatre
of the fifth crusade, 510, and note. Of
the sixth under St. Louis, 516. Govern-
ment of the Mamalukes, 519.
Ekebolius, a rhetorician, one of Julian's
tutors, ii. 505, note.

Elagabalus, his proper name Bassianus,
high priest of the sun at Emesa, i. 180.
Declared emperor by the troops, 181.
Origin of his assumed name, 181. His
reign and extravagance, 185. Ilis death,
188. The first Roman who wore garments
of pure silk, iv. 313.

Eleanora, queen of Edward I., vi. 520, and

note.

Electors, seven, in Germany; their ranks
and privilege, v. 431.

Elephant, era or war of the, v. 138, note;
463, and note.

Elephantine, Isle of, i. 437; iv. 342, note.
Elephants, the number brought into the
field by the ancient princes of the East,
i. 266, note. Introduced in the circus
at Rome in the first Punic war, 416.
In Sapor's army at Nisibis, ii. 177. In
Timour's, at Angora, vii. 178.
Eleusinian mysteries, Julian initiated, ii.
515. Tolerated by the emperor Valen-
tinian, iii. 81. The last remains of Pagan-
ism, extirpated by Alaric, 340.

Elijahs, Nestorian patriarchs of Mosul, v.
261.

Elixir, of immortal health, sought by the
Arabians, vi. 150.

Elizabeth, queen, her politic use of pulpit
oratory, ii. 383. Patronized the bards in

Wales, iv. 228, note.
Ellac, eldest son of Attila, iv. 36.
Eloquence, an aid to Christian devotion, ii.
382. A powerful engine of patriotism or
ambition, iv. 351.

Sabroidery, of various devices on garments,

ii. 408, and note; v. 365, note. An oc-
cupation of Barbarian females, iii. 574.
Emesa, or Hems, temple of the sun at, i.
180. Battle of, Zenobia defeated by Au-
relian, 376. Taken by the Saracens, vi.

40. Recovered by Zicisces, 170. Again
lost, 180. Held against the crusaders,
463.
Emigration of the early population of Eu
rope was always from East to West, i.
271, note. Its nature and motives, 283.
Did not proceed from Scandinavia, and
was attracted by the spoils of richer
lands, iii. 97, note; 345, note. Their
numbers unduly magnified, 97 and 101,
note. Confused accounts given by an-
cient writers, 365, note; 410, note; iv. 226.
Emir, Arabian chief, his dignity and powers,
v. 447. The root of our word admirai,
vi. 203.

Emir al Omrah, appointed by the Turkish
guards to supersede the vizirs, and rule
the Caliph of Bagdad, v. 174, and note.
Emir, an, of Saragossa appeals to the Diet
of Paderborn, v. 409.

Emperors of Rome, general view of their
system, i. 90. Legal jurisdiction of the
senate over them, 130. Their republican

forms and titles of offices laid aside by
Diocletian and new dignities assumed,
454. Six at one time occupy the throne,
484. Their conduct towards the Chris-
tians, ii. 86, 98. Their power displayed
in the change of the national religion,
367. They retain, after the establish.
ment of Christianity, the title, ensigns,
and prerogatives of Pontifex Maximus,
461. Gratian the First, who lays them
aside, iii. 210, note; 275. A review of
their constitutions v. 18. Their legisla-
tive power, 20. Their rescripts, 21.
Emperors of Constantinople obstinately re-
tained the fictitious title of emperor of
the Romans, iii. 482. Their pomp and
luxury, vi 196. Their officers and cere
monies, 202. Their despotic power, 211.
Their weakness and distress, vii. 156.
Emperors of the West, Charlemagne revives
the title, v. 403. Its dignity declines
under his successors, 414. Is restored
by Otho, 415; their authority in the
election of the popes, 418, contrast be-
tween them and Augustus, 425.
Empire, Roman, the assigned causes of its
decline are only symptoms, not the root,
of the evils, i. 162, note. Its true cause
indicated, ii. 375, note. Division of, into
the Eastern and Western empires by Va-
lentinian, iii. 69. Their final separation
under Arcadius and Honorius, iii. 482.
Empire of the East. See East.
Empire of the West. See West.
Encampment See Camp.
England, derivation of its name, iii. 101,
note, (or Britain). Described by Chalco
condylas, vii. 218. Admitted as one of
the five great nations of Christendom, to
vote in the council of Constance, 429, and
note.

English. See Varangians.

Ennodius writes the Life of Epiphanfus

bishop of Pavia, iv. 89, note. Is appointed,
to that see by Theodoric, 254, note.
Bnock, the book of, v. 471, note.
Entertainments, or private banquets, at
Rome, described by Ammianus Marcel-
linus, iii. 412.

Entrails of animals not inspected in Ho-
mer's sacrifices, iii. 282, note.
Epagathus, punished by Alexander Severus
for the murder f Ulpian, i. 197.
Ephesus, the temple of Diana at, destroved
by the Goths, i. 335. Councils of, v. 219,
228. Desolated by the Turks, vii. 141.
Epictetus, his character of the Galilæans,
ii. 108, note, 128.

Epictetus, an Arian bishop in Gaul, ii. 476
Epicureans, their opinions, i. 38. Prevalent
among the higher classes in Italy, 79.
Abhorred by Julian, ii. 525. One of the
schools of Athens endowed by Hadrian,
and the Antonines, iv. 350-353. Treba-
tius said to have joined them, v. 28,
note.

Epicurus, taught his disciples to act and to
suffer, 351. Bequeathed to them his
gardens and a fund for festivals, 352.
Banished by the Atheniaus, 353.
Epiphania. See Eudocia.

Epiphanius, bishop of Constantia, his de-
scription of Arius, ii. 404, note. Joins in
persecuting Chrysostom, iii. 504, note.
Epiphanius, bishop of Pavia, his embassy
from Ricimer to Anthemius, iv. 89. His
benevolence, ib., note. He intercedes
with Odoacer for Pavia, 96; 103, note.
Epirus, attacked by the Goths, i. 333. De-
putation from, to Valentinian, iii 133.
Occupied by Alaric, 342. Colonized by
Paulícians, vi. 246. Invaded by Robert
Guiscard, 337. By Bohemond, 473.
Despotat of, vii. 12. Seat of the Castriot
family, 279. See Albania.
Episcopal government. See Bishops.
Epulos, priests who prepared the sacred
banquets, iii. 274.

Equestrian order, formed the cavalry of the
republic; mostly employed in civil offices
by the emperors, i. 16, and note.
Equitius, master-general of Illyricum under
Valentinian, iii. 130. Attempts to exclude
Gratian from the throne, 135.
Eras, of Antioch, ii. 545, note. Christian,
iv. 358, 359, notes. Of Diocletian, or of
the Martyrs, ii. 143, note. Gelalæan, vi.
382, note. Of the Hegira, v. 489, note.
Of the Indictions, i. 498, note; ii. 232,
and note. Of Julius Cæsar, vi. 90, note.
Of Seleucus, i. 260, note. Of the World,
iv. 357, 358, 359, noles. Of Yezdegerd, vi.
11, note.

Brasmus, his delineation of Hilary's cha-
racter, ii. 411, note. His account of
"Cimmerian darkness" in his Adagia, iii.
409, nole. A rational theologian, vi. 254.
note. Studied Greek at Oxford and
taught it at Cambridge, vii. 257, note

VOL. VII.

Erdaviraph, one of the seven Magi, elected
to reform their religion, i. 253.
Erizo, a Roman saved by Augustus from
the fury of the people, v. 49.
Eros and Anteros, two genii of love evoked
by Iamblichus, ii. 514, note.
Erpenius, translator of Elmacin's 3aracer
history, vi. 8, note. A proof of Latin
ignorance of arithmetic, 141, note.

Eslaw, one of Attila's ambassadors, iii. 579.
Essenians, their community of goods, ii. 58.
Their distinguishing tenets and practices,
73.
Estates of the Roman senators, their extent
and cultivation, .. 403, and note.

Este, house of, their genealogy and connec
tion with the Guelphs of Brunswick, vi.
323, note; 475, note; vii. 442, note.
Estius a Dutch divine; his idea of Omni-
potence, ii. 413, note.

Etruscans, or Tuscans ancient inhabitants
of central Italy, i. 26. Introduced the
first haruspices among the Romans, iii.
282. And the Pelasgic alphabet, v. 6, note.
Eucharist, a difficulty to the first reformers,
vi. 251.

Bucherius, the son of Stilicho, put to death,
iii. 388

Euchrocia of Bordeaux, widow of the orator
Delphidius, put to death for Priscillian-
ism, iii. 234.

Budes, duke of Aquitain, repels the first
Saracen vasion of France, vi. 128. De-
feated, 129. Implores the aid of Charles
Martel, 130. Recovers his dukedom, 132.
Eudocia, or Alhenais, uer birth, character,
and marriage with the emperor Theo-
dosius the younger, iii. 516. Her literary
works, 517. Her disgrace and death,
518. Her coins, 519.

Eudocia, daughter of Valentinian III. is
married to Hunneric, iv. 72.

Eudocia, widow of Constantine Ducas, v.
335. Marries Romanus Diogenes, 336.
Cultivates philosophy, 337, vi. 231. The
Anecdota of Procopius known to her, iv.
291, note.

Eudocia, niece of Manuel Comnenus, para-
mour of Andronicus, v. 347.

Eudocia, first wife of the emperor Heraclius,
v. 178; 189, note; 289.

Eudocia, or Epiphania, their daughter, be-
trothed to Ziebel, khan of the Chozars.
v. 189, and note.
Eudocia of Damascus, her romantic story,
vi. 35.

Eudoxia, her marriage with the emperor
Arcadius, iii. 316. Stimulates him to
give up his favourite Eutropius, 494.
Persecutes Chrysostom, 506. Her death
and character, 509.

Budoria, the daughter of Theodosins the
younger, is betrothed to the young em-
peror Valentinian III. of the West, iii.
527. Her character, iv. 39. Is com-
pelled to marry the usurper Maximus, 45.
2 L

sumed by Protestants, 37, note."

F.

158.

Eutharic, husband of Amalasontha, and
father of Athalaric, iv. 395.

Butropia, sister of Constantine, put to
death, ii. 289.

Butropius, father of Constantius Chlorus,
i. 425.

Eutropius, the eunuch, his mission to John
of Lycopolis, iii. 265. Great chamberlain
to Arcadius, concerts his marriage with
Eudoxia, 315. Succeeds Rufinus in the
emperor's confidence, 323. His character
and administration, 484. His consulship
and Claudian's poem against him, 416,
and notes. Provides for his own secu-
rity, by a new law against treason, 489.
His fall and sanctuary with John Chry-
sostom, 495. His exile and death, 496.
Butyches, the abbot, v. 223. His opinion
on the Incarnation supported by the
Becond council at Ephesus, 228. And
adhered to by the Armenians, 270.
Butychian controversy distracted the East,

-iv. 155.

Buzine or Black Sea, guarded by the Roman
navy, i. 22. The princes on its northern
shores tributary to Rome, 29. Descrip-
tion of the vessels used in navigating,
$29. Not navigated by the Turks in
winter, 332. Not known to the early
Greeks beyond the mouths of the Da-
nube, iii. 410, note. The Periplus of
Arrian, and of Sallust, iv. 476, note. Pas-
sage of Heraclius from Constantinople to
Trebizond, v. 182, and note. Its naviga-
tion and trade the patrimony of the
Greek emperors, monopolized by the
Genoese, vii. 109.

Bragrius, his praise of the emperor Maurice,
v. 113, and note.
Exaltation of the cross.

See Cross.
Exarch, under the Greek empire, his office
and rank, v. 389. Of Ravenna, the govern
ment of Italy settled in, and administered
by, iv. 534, v. 118. Terminated by As-
tolpho the Lombard, 383.

Brcise duties imposed by Augustus, i. 209.
Bacommunication from Christian commu-
nion, the origin of, ii. 62, 380. Founded
on popular ignorance, vi. 545, note.
Beercitus, name given by the Romans to
their army, i. 12, and note.

Esile, voluntary, under accusation and con-
scious guilt, its advantages among the
Romans, v. 91. Places of, ii. 439,
nots; 507; v. 226, note.

Fables. See Pilpay.

Facciolati admits Cantacuzene into Con-
stantinople, vii. 101.
Fadilla, murder of, i. 170.
Faith and its operations defined, ii. 40.
Falcandus, Hugo, his Historia Sicula, vi.
353, note. His lamentation, 354.
Falco Sosius couspires against Pertinax, 1.
133.
Falconry, introduced into Italy by the

Lombards, v. 122, and note. A favourite
field-sport of the Normans, vi. 308.
Famine, seldom known in the extensive
empire of Rome, i. 71. Of Rome, while
besieged by Alaric, iii. 424. Of the Ve-
neti, 275, note. Of the Crusaders at
Antioch, vi. 449. At Acre, 503.

Fano, in Umbria, battle of, i. 366.
Faras, a Lombard term for families, v. 120,
and note.

Farmers of the revenue, i. 212; v. 75, note.
Farnese palace, materials for, taken from
the Coliseum, vii. 465.

Fasti, Consular, their frequent chasms, iv.
357.

Fathers of the Christian Church, their vi-
sions and inspirations, ii. 36, note. Their
austere morality, 42; iv. 107, note. Their
apologies rely more on prophecies than
miracles, ii. 33, note; 560, note. Were
prepared by the philosophy of Greece
for their conversion to Christianity, ii.
3, note; 17, note; 27, note; 134, note.
Acknowledged the supernatural part of
paganism, 146, and note. No one among
them ever asserted his own power of
working miracles, 38, note. Their spirit
manifested in the controversies of Je-
rome and Augustin, iii. 299, note.
Fatima, Mahomet's daughter, marries Ali,
v. 516. Her death, 519.
Fatimites, descendants of Ali and Fatima,
reign in Egppt and Syria, v. 651. Their
fall in Egypt, vi. 491.

Faun, the Sleeping, statue found in the
ditch of S. Angelo, iv. 413, note.
Fausta, daughter of Maximian, married to
Constantine, i. 481. Her want of feeling
for her father, 487. Her family, ii. 249.
The death of Crispus attributed to her
arts, 254. Her asserted punishment and
death, 255.

Faustina, daughter of Antoninus Pius, mar-
ried to Marcus Antoninus, i. 102. Her
character, i. 110

Faustina, third wife and widow of the em
peror Constantius, ii. 486. Countenances
the revolt of Procopius against Valens,
iii. 72.

Faustus, or Faust, sold his first printed
Bibles as manuscripts, v. 40, note.

Fara, or Feletheus, king of the Rugians,
defeated by Odoacer, iv. 104.
Favonius, a supposed interlocutor in a col-
loquy of Aulus Gellius, v. 80, note.
Felix II. consecrated bishop of Rome, to
supersede Liberius, who was exiled, ii.
447. He is violently expelled, and his
adherents slaughtered, 448.
Felix, an African bishop, his martyrdom
at Venusia, ii. 155. Patron saint of
Paulinus at Nola, iii. 450.
Feliz V., name by which Amadeus VIII.,
duke of Savoy, was elected pope, vii. 234.
His resignation, 240.
Females, held in respect by the ancient
Germans, i. 289. Their superiority esta-
blished in Egypt, iii. 286, note. Admitted
to rule in Abyssinia, iv. 403, note. How
regarded and treated in Rome, v. 50, 56,
and notes.

Fennic. See Finnic.

Ferdusi, the Homer of Persia, iii. 150.
Ferishta, his age, vi. 360. His doubtful
mention of guns, 360.

Ferramenta Samiata of Aurelian, explained
by Salmasius, i. 361, note.
Ferrara, council of, 227, 231. Transferred
to Florence, 233.

Festivals, pagan, offended the primitive
Christians, ii. 20. Long preserved as
rural holidays, iii. 291, and note.
Feudal government, the rudiments of, to
be found among the Scythians, iii. 148.
Its strongest energy seen in the Assizes
of Jerusalem, vi. 465.

Fez, city and kingdom, founded by Edris,
vi. 171, and note.

Figures, numeral, occasion of their first
public and familiar use, vi. 118.
Finances of the Roman empire, i. 202. Un-
der Diocletian, 459. The same, when
the seat of it was removed to Constan-
tinople, reviewed, ii. 232. Under Justi
nian, iv. 323, 419. In the later periods
of the Greek empire, vi. 194.
Fines, how imposed by provincial magis-
trates, ii. 211. How levied by the Salic
laws, as the punishment of homicide,
iv. 185, and note. By the laws of the
Lombards, v. 126.

Fingal, his questionable history, whether
to be connected with the invasion of Ca-
ledonia by the emperor Severus, i. 165.
Finnic, Fennic, or Tshudic, origin of the
Magyars of Hungary, vi. 263, and
notes.

Fire has been unknown to many nations,
iv. 242, note.

Fire, Greek, the Saracen fleet destroyed by,
in the harbour of Constantinople, vi. 121.
Is long preserved as a secret, 123. Its
effects not to be compared with those
of gunpowder, 216.

Fire-worship of the Magi, i. 255; vi. 106.
Fire-signals of the Greeks, on land and
sea, vi. 216.

Flagellation, its efficacy in penance, and
how proportioned, vi. 468.
Flamens, Roman, their number, and pecu-
liar office, iii. 274.

Flaminian way, its course described, iv.
524, note.

Flavian family; Vespasian and his descend-
ants, i. 99.

Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, is
killed at the second council of Ephesus,
v. 229.

Flavianus, a layman, introduced responses,

and a more regular psalmody, into the
service of the church, ii. 446.

Flax, its cultivation transported from Egypt
to Gaul, i. 70.

Fleece, golden, probable origin of the fable
of, iv. 478.

Flor, Roger de, adventures of, vii. 76.
Florence, the foundation of that city, iii.
367, note. Is besieged by Radagaisus,
and relieved by Stilicho, 368. Council
of, vii. 234. The reunion of the Greek
and Latin churches celebrated there,
239. Invited and paid the first teachers
of Greek, 247, 249.

Florentius, prætorian prefect of Gaul under
Constantius, his character, ii. 335, 467.
Is condemned by the tribunal of Chal-
cedon, but suffered to escape by Julian,

494.

Florentius, a rich patrician, sacrifices his

property that the tax on prostitutes may
be discontinued, ii. 242, note.
Florianus, brother of the emperor Tacitus,
his usurpation of the imperial diguity,
i. 395. His death, 395.

Florin, the early gold coin of the republic
of Florence, vii. 228, note.
Florus, fabulous ancestor of the Courte.
nays, vii. 45.

Florus, the historian, describes the early
wars of Rome, vii. 371.
Fo, a Chinese idol, vii. 184.
Federati, Gothic allies of Rome, iii. 206.
Fanus unciarum, rate of interest at Rome,
v. 75, note.

Folard, Chevalier, his preference of ancient
warlike engines, i. 18, note.
Follis, a purse, its value, iii. 403, note.
Fontenelle, wrong in supposing the name

of Constantinople lost, ii. 136, note.
Foot, the Roman, compared with English
measure, i. 236, note. The Greek, ii. 186,
nole.

Foreign deities, worship of, at Rome, i, 41.
nok,