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182 The duke of Newburgh advises the [B. XIV. "weary and spend each other's strength and spirits in so unjust and groundless a war, when they had so noble an occasion to unite their 66 power to revenge that impious murder, in which the honour and the lives of all kings were con"cerned; and," he said, "the pope was concerned never to let either of them to be quiet, till he had reconciled them, and obliged all Christian kings and states, without consideration of any difference in religion, to join together for the "restoration of the king; which would be the "greatest honour the pope could obtain in this "world. All which," he said, "the nuncio spoke "with so much warmth and concernment, that he "could not doubt, but that, now God had raised "him to that chair, he hoped, for that end, he would remember his former opinion, and execute "it himself; being," he said, "a man of the most "public heart, and the most superior to all private designs, that the world had :" the duke taking great delight to remember many of his discourses, and describing him to be such a man, as he was generally believed to be for the first two years of his reign, till he manifested his affections with more ingenuity. The duke desired his majesty to consider, "whether there might not be somewhat he might reasonably wish from the pope; and if "it were not fit to be proposed as from his majesty I he would be willing to promote it in his own “name, having, he thought, some interest in his holiness. And," he said, "he was resolved to send a person purposely to Rome with his congratulation, and to tender his obedience to the pope; and that he would instruct that person in

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king to apply to the pope.

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** whatsoever his majesty should wish: and though " he could not hope, that any greater matter would "be done towards his majesty's restoration, till "the peace should be effected between the two "crowns, (which he knew the pope would labour "in till he had brought it to pass,) yet he could "not doubt but that, out of the generosity of his "holiness, his majesty would receive some supply "towards his better support; which, for the pre"sent, was all that could be expected: that the person whom he intended to send was a Jesuit, "who was at that present in Newburgh; but he had, or would send for him: that though he was a religious man, yet he was a person of that experience, temper, and wisdom, that he had in"trusted him in affairs not only of the greatest "secresy, but in negociations of the greatest importance; in which he had always behaved him"self with singular prudence and judgment: and "he assured his majesty he was equal to any "trust; and if, upon what he had said and offered, "his majesty thought he might be of use to him in "his journey, he would send him to Cologne as soon as he came, that he might attend upon his majesty, and receive any commands he would "vouchsafe to impose upon him."

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Though the king had in truth very little hope that the new pope would be more magnanimous than the old, and did believe that the maxim, with which Innocent had answered those who would have disposed him to supply the king with some money, "that he could not, with a good conscience, apply "the patrimony of the church to the assistance and support of heretics," would be as current divinity

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The duke of Newburgh sends

[B. XIV. with Alexander, and all his successors, yet he could' not but be abundantly satisfied with the kindness of the duke of Newburgh, and could not conclude how far his interposition might prevail upon a temper and constitution so refined, and without those dregs which others had used to carry about them to that promotion: therefore, after those acknowledgments which were due for the overtures, his majesty told him, that he would entirely commit it to his wisdom, to do those offices with the new pope "which he thought fit, since he could expect no

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thing but upon that account; and that he would "do any thing on his part which was fit for him "to do, and which should be thought of moment "to facilitate the other pretences." Whereupon the duke told him, "that the bloody laws in England against the Roman catholic religion made a very great noise in the world; and that his majesty was generally understood to be a prince of a "tender and merciful nature, which would not take delight in the executing so much cruelty; and therefore he conceived it might be very agreeable "to his inclination to declare, and promise, that "when it should please God to restore his majesty "to his government, he would never suffer those "laws to be executed, but would cause them to be repealed; which generous and pious resolution “made known to the pope, would work very much upon him, and dispose him to make an answer"able return to his majesty." The king answered, that his highness might very safely undertake on "his behalf, that if it should be in his power, it should never be in his will, to execute those severe laws but that it was not in his power

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his Jesuit to the pope.

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absolutely to repeal them; and it would be less "in his power to do it, if he declared that he "had a purpose to do it: therefore, that must be "left to time; and it might reasonably be pre"sumed, that he would not be backward to do all "of that kind which he should find himself able to do; and the declaration which he then made, his majesty said, that he would be ready to make to "the person the duke meant to send, if he came to "him :" which was acknowledged to be as much as could be desired.

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Germany is the only part of the world, where the Jesuits are looked upon to have the ascendant over all other men in the deepest mysteries of state and policy, insomuch as there is not a prince's court of the Roman catholic religion, wherein a man is held to be a good courtier, or to have a desire to be thought a wise man, who hath not a Jesuit to his confessor; which may be one of the reasons, that the policy of that nation is so different from, and so much undervalued by the other politic parts of the world. And therefore it is the less to be wondered at that this duke, who had himself extraordinary qualifications, retained that reverence for those who had taught him when he was young, that he believed them to grow, and to be improved as fast as he, and so to be still abler to inform him. Without doubt, he did believe his Jesuit to be a very wise man; and, it may be, knew, that he would think so to whom he was sent and as soon as he came to him, he sent him to the king to be instructed and informed of his majesty's pleasure. The man had a very good aspect, and less vanity and presumption than that

186 An insurrection designed in England [B. XIV. society use to have, and seemed desirous to merit from the king by doing him service; but had not the same confidence he should do it, as his master had. And when he returned from Rome, he brought nothing with him from the pope but general good wishes for the king's restoration, and sharp complaints against cardinal Mazarine for being deaf to all overtures of peace; and that till then all attempts to serve his majesty would be vain and ineffectual: and concerning any supply of money, he told the duke, that the pope had used the same adage that his predecessor had done; and so that intrigue was determined.

The rest and quiet that the king proposed to himself in this necessitated retreat was disturbed by the impatience and activity of his friends in England; who, notwithstanding all his majesty's commands, and injunctions, not to enter upon any sudden and rash insurrections, which could only contribute to their own ruin, without the least benefit or advantage to his service, were so pricked and stung by the insolence of their enemies, and the uneasiness of their own condition and fortune, that they could not rest. They sent expresses every day to Cologne for more commissions and instructions, and made an erroneous judgment of their own strength and power, and concluded that all who hated the present government would concur with them to overthrow it, at least would act no part in the defence of it. They assured the king, "that they had made sufficient provision of arms and ammunition, and had so many persons engaged to appear upon any day that should be "assigned, that they only desired his majesty

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